GetIpForwardTable function (iphlpapi.h)
The GetIpForwardTable function retrieves the IPv4 routing table.
Syntax
IPHLPAPI_DLL_LINKAGE DWORD GetIpForwardTable(
[out] PMIB_IPFORWARDTABLE pIpForwardTable,
[in, out] PULONG pdwSize,
[in] BOOL bOrder
);
Parameters
[out] pIpForwardTable
A pointer to a buffer that receives the IPv4 routing table as a MIB_IPFORWARDTABLE structure.
[in, out] pdwSize
On input, specifies the size in bytes of the buffer pointed to by the pIpForwardTable parameter.
On output, if the buffer is not large enough to hold the returned routing table, the function sets this parameter equal to the required buffer size in bytes.
[in] bOrder
A Boolean value that specifies whether the returned table should be sorted. If this parameter is TRUE, the table is sorted in the order of:
- Destination address
- Protocol that generated the route
- Multipath routing policy
- Next-hop address
Return value
If the function succeeds, the return value is NO_ERROR (zero).
If the function fails, the return value is one of the following error codes.
| Return code | Description |
|---|---|
|
The buffer pointed to by the pIpForwardTable parameter is not large enough. The required size is returned in the DWORD variable pointed to by the pdwSize parameter. |
|
The pdwSize parameter is NULL, or GetIpForwardTable is unable to write to the memory pointed to by the pdwSize parameter. |
|
No data is available. This error is returned if there are no routes present on the local computer. |
|
This function is not supported on the operating system in use on the local system. This error is returned if there is no IP stack installed on the local computer. |
|
Use FormatMessage to obtain the message string for the returned error. |
Remarks
The dwForwardProto member of the MIB_IPFORWARDROW structure specifies the protocol or routing mechanism that generated the route. See Protocol Identifiers for a list of possible protocols and routing mechanisms.
The dwForwardDest, dwForwardMask, and dwForwardNextHop members of the MIB_IPFORWARDROW structure represent an IPv4 address in network byte order.
An IPv4 address of 0.0.0.0 in the dwForwardDest member of the MIB_IPFORWARDROW structure is considered a default route. The MIB_IPFORWARDTABLE may contain multiple MIB_IPFORWARDROW entries with the dwForwardDest member set to 0.0.0.0 when there are multiple network adapters installed.
When dwForwardAge is set to INFINITE, the route will not be removed based on a timeout
value. Any other value for dwForwardAge specifies the number of seconds since the route was added or modified in the network routing table.
On Windows Server 2003 or Windows 2000 Server when the Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) is running, the MIB_IPFORWARDROW entries returned have the dwForwardType and dwForwardAge members set to zero.
On Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, the route metric specified in the dwForwardMetric1 member of the MIB_IPFORWARDROW structure represents a combination of the route metric added to the interface metric specified in the Metric member of the MIB_IPINTERFACE_ROW structure of the associated interface. So the dwForwardMetric1 member of the MIB_IPFORWARDROW structure should be equal to or greater than Metric member of the associated MIB_IPINTERFACE_ROW structure. If an application would like to set the route metric to 0 on Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, then the dwForwardMetric1 member of the MIB_IPFORWARDROW structure should be set equal to the value of the interface metric specified in the Metric member of the associated MIB_IPINTERFACE_ROW structure. An application can retrieve the interface metric by calling the GetIpInterfaceEntry function.
A number of members of the MIB_IPFORWARDROW structure entries returned by GetIpForwardTable are not currently used by IPv4 routing. These members include dwForwardPolicy, dwForwardNextHopAS, dwForwardMetric2, dwForwardMetric3, dwForwardMetric4, and dwForwardMetric5.
Examples
The following example retrieves the IP routing table then prints some fields for each route in the table.
// Need to link with Ws2_32.lib and Iphlpapi.lib
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "iphlpapi.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
#define MALLOC(x) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (x))
#define FREE(x) HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (x))
/* Note: could also use malloc() and free() */
int main()
{
// Declare and initialize variables.
/* variables used for GetIfForwardTable */
PMIB_IPFORWARDTABLE pIpForwardTable;
DWORD dwSize = 0;
DWORD dwRetVal = 0;
char szDestIp[128];
char szMaskIp[128];
char szGatewayIp[128];
struct in_addr IpAddr;
int i;
pIpForwardTable =
(MIB_IPFORWARDTABLE *) MALLOC(sizeof (MIB_IPFORWARDTABLE));
if (pIpForwardTable == NULL) {
printf("Error allocating memory\n");
return 1;
}
if (GetIpForwardTable(pIpForwardTable, &dwSize, 0) ==
ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
FREE(pIpForwardTable);
pIpForwardTable = (MIB_IPFORWARDTABLE *) MALLOC(dwSize);
if (pIpForwardTable == NULL) {
printf("Error allocating memory\n");
return 1;
}
}
/* Note that the IPv4 addresses returned in
* GetIpForwardTable entries are in network byte order
*/
if ((dwRetVal = GetIpForwardTable(pIpForwardTable, &dwSize, 0)) == NO_ERROR) {
printf("\tNumber of entries: %d\n",
(int) pIpForwardTable->dwNumEntries);
for (i = 0; i < (int) pIpForwardTable->dwNumEntries; i++) {
/* Convert IPv4 addresses to strings */
IpAddr.S_un.S_addr =
(u_long) pIpForwardTable->table[i].dwForwardDest;
strcpy_s(szDestIp, sizeof (szDestIp), inet_ntoa(IpAddr));
IpAddr.S_un.S_addr =
(u_long) pIpForwardTable->table[i].dwForwardMask;
strcpy_s(szMaskIp, sizeof (szMaskIp), inet_ntoa(IpAddr));
IpAddr.S_un.S_addr =
(u_long) pIpForwardTable->table[i].dwForwardNextHop;
strcpy_s(szGatewayIp, sizeof (szGatewayIp), inet_ntoa(IpAddr));
printf("\n\tRoute[%d] Dest IP: %s\n", i, szDestIp);
printf("\tRoute[%d] Subnet Mask: %s\n", i, szMaskIp);
printf("\tRoute[%d] Next Hop: %s\n", i, szGatewayIp);
printf("\tRoute[%d] If Index: %ld\n", i,
pIpForwardTable->table[i].dwForwardIfIndex);
printf("\tRoute[%d] Type: %ld - ", i,
pIpForwardTable->table[i].dwForwardType);
switch (pIpForwardTable->table[i].dwForwardType) {
case MIB_IPROUTE_TYPE_OTHER:
printf("other\n");
break;
case MIB_IPROUTE_TYPE_INVALID:
printf("invalid route\n");
break;
case MIB_IPROUTE_TYPE_DIRECT:
printf("local route where next hop is final destination\n");
break;
case MIB_IPROUTE_TYPE_INDIRECT:
printf
("remote route where next hop is not final destination\n");
break;
default:
printf("UNKNOWN Type value\n");
break;
}
printf("\tRoute[%d] Proto: %ld - ", i,
pIpForwardTable->table[i].dwForwardProto);
switch (pIpForwardTable->table[i].dwForwardProto) {
case MIB_IPPROTO_OTHER:
printf("other\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_LOCAL:
printf("local interface\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_NETMGMT:
printf("static route set through network management \n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_ICMP:
printf("result of ICMP redirect\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_EGP:
printf("Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_GGP:
printf("Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol (GGP)\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_HELLO:
printf("Hello protocol\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_RIP:
printf("Routing Information Protocol (RIP)\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_IS_IS:
printf
("Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) protocol\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_ES_IS:
printf("End System-to-Intermediate System (ES-IS) protocol\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_CISCO:
printf("Cisco Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_BBN:
printf("BBN Internet Gateway Protocol (IGP) using SPF\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_OSPF:
printf("Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_BGP:
printf("Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_NT_AUTOSTATIC:
printf("special Windows auto static route\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_NT_STATIC:
printf("special Windows static route\n");
break;
case MIB_IPPROTO_NT_STATIC_NON_DOD:
printf
("special Windows static route not based on Internet standards\n");
break;
default:
printf("UNKNOWN Proto value\n");
break;
}
printf("\tRoute[%d] Age: %ld\n", i,
pIpForwardTable->table[i].dwForwardAge);
printf("\tRoute[%d] Metric1: %ld\n", i,
pIpForwardTable->table[i].dwForwardMetric1);
}
FREE(pIpForwardTable);
return 0;
} else {
printf("\tGetIpForwardTable failed.\n");
FREE(pIpForwardTable);
return 1;
}
}
Requirements
| Requirement | Value |
|---|---|
| Minimum supported client | Windows 2000 Professional [desktop apps only] |
| Minimum supported server | Windows 2000 Server [desktop apps only] |
| Target Platform | Windows |
| Header | iphlpapi.h |
| Library | Iphlpapi.lib |
| DLL | Iphlpapi.dll |