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Return Values on Function Failure

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The manifest constant SOCKET_ERROR is provided for checking function failure. Although use of this constant is not mandatory, it is recommended. The following example illustrates the use of the SOCKET_ERROR constant.

Typical BSD Style (will not work on Windows)

        r = recv(ClientSocket, recvbuf, recvbuflen, 0);
        if (r == -1     /* or r < 0 */
            && errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
            printf("recv failed with error: EWOULDBLOCK\n");
        }

Windows Style

        iResult = recv(ClientSocket, recvbuf, recvbuflen, 0);
        if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR ) {
            iError = WSAGetLastError();
            if (iError == WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
                printf("recv failed with error: WSAEWOULDBLOCK\n");
            else
                printf("recv failed with error: %ld\n", iError);

            closesocket(ClientSocket);
            WSACleanup();
            return 1;
        }

Error Codes - errno, h_errno and WSAGetLastError

Handling Winsock Errors

Porting Socket Applications to Winsock

Winsock Programming Considerations

Windows Sockets Error Codes