Intune doesn't have any control on the what updates to install or remove and it doesn't provide any media to the devices as well , it simply control the windows update settings such as when to install, when to reboot etc.
If you know there is an issue with updates, all you can do is, pause the update ring or uninstall the update ring policy.
You can use powershell script or create win32 app to remove the specific patch from the devices where it is installed using the detection rule or so.
Thanks,
Eswar
www.eskonr.com