@Jeremy Hildeen, Thanks for posting in Q&A.
From your description, I know you want to restore a device record recently deleted from Intune.
Based on my searches, there is no way to recover a device that has been deleted from Intune, you will need to re-join the device to Intune, but you can check the Audit logs to find out which user deleted a device as well as make sure that the device was actually indeed enrolled to Intune.
Here is the location of the Audit log.
Intune portal > Tenant administration > Audit logs
Moreover, you can check the logs in the Event Viewer and look for the Intune cert issued by Sc_Online_Issuing on the device side to confirm that the device was enrolled to Intune.
Location of Log: Event Viewer > Applications and Services Logs > Microsoft > Windows > DeviceManagement-Enterprise-Diagnostics-Provider > Admin
Location of certificate: From the Start menu, type Run > MMC > Choose File > Add/Remove Snap-ins > Double-click Certificates, choose Computer account > Next, and select Local Computer > Double-click Certificates (Local computer) and choose Personal > Certificates.
Hope it will help.
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