The error message you're seeing indicates that the IP address 20.42.3.136
is being blocked by the SQL Database firewall. This IP address is likely the public IP address used by the Azure service attempting to connect to your SQL Database.
You can check a website like whatismyip.com
to determine your current public IP address.
Then you can add a new rule with your verified public IPv4 address.
If you prefer the quick fix, ensure the option "Allow Azure services and resources to access this server" is enabled.
You can always obtain the list of Azure Data Factory IP addresses from the Azure IP Ranges and Service Tags – Public Cloud.
If you prefer using SQL commands to add firewall rules, you can use the following command in the master database:
EXEC sp_set_firewall_rule N'AllowMyIP', 'YOUR_IP_ADDRESS', 'YOUR_IP_ADDRESS';