Changing MVID's

Artículo
08/13/2005

Ahhhhh. There's nothing quite like pasting a big chunk of code into your blog. It makes the prose writing part so much easier! My last entry was about counting bits. Today I put that in the context of the original problem.

Todays entry comes from an internal support alias issues from week or so ago. First a bit of background. By off roading (using the command line) with the VSTS profiling tools, it's perfectly feasible to instrument an assembly, resign it or turn on verification skipping for that assemblies public key, and place the assembly in the GAC and/or in the native image cache. Our client was trying to instrument an assembly and place it in the native image cache. So they did:

 > vsinstr xyz.dll
> ngen xyz.dll

to update the native image cache. They then proceeded to get nasty AV’s when they ran their application. Richard did some investigation and the reason turned out to be that the native image in the cache no longer matched the instrumented image. Why? Because in this case ngen was using the Mvid of the assembly to determine if the assembly that needed recompiling, and vsinstr doesn’t change the Mvid.

The CLI Specification – Partition II – Metadata states that, “While the [runtime] itself makes no use of the Mvid, other tools (such as debuggers, which are outside the scope of this standard) rely on the fact that the Mvid almost always differs from one module to another.” So the ngen use of the Mvid makes sense, and the fact that trace instrumentation doesn’t change this value is probably something we need to look at in future. But that’s how it’s going to be for Whidbey.

One way around the problem is to force full update of the native image cache using:

 > ngen update

Which is a good fix in many cases. But this can be very time consuming if there are lots of other out of date assemblies in the cache.

So in the meantime, for those of you that run across this problem in our tools, or any other tool that you feel should be changing the Mvid and doesn’t, I put together the following code to help you out. Remember that doing this will invalidate any strongly named signed assemblies. Cut and paste it into a file called chgmvid.cpp and compile it into a tool call chgmvid.exe:

 #include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <crtdbg.h>
#include <corhdr.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <rpc.h>

// This utility allows you to change the MVID on an assembly.  It's solves the problem that occurs because VSINSTR 
// doesn't change the MVID after instrumenting.  This screws up NGEN and other tools like Reflector for .NET that 
// use the MVID to try and figure out if the assembly has been modified.  
//
// So for example, you VSINSTR System.Data.dll, do a GACUTIL -i System.Data.dll then run NGEN System.Data.dll.  
// NGEN does not refresh the image.  It does if you do NGEN UPDATE, but that might end up recompiling a whole bunch 
// of stuff.   So, just run CHGMVID on the assembly first and the former NGEN will refresh the .NI image.

#pragma pack(8)
#include <dbghelp.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "dbghelp.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "rpcrt4.lib")

#define Align(a, x)   ((a) * ((((x) - 1) / (a)) + 1))

typedef struct
{
    HANDLE hFile;
    HANDLE hMap;
    PVOID pBase;
    PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS pNtHeader;
} LOADED_IMAGE_DATA, *PLOADED_IMAGE_DATA;

#define RVA2VA(pdata, rva) ImageRvaToVa((pdata)->pNtHeader, (pdata)->pBase, (rva), NULL)

// See https://blogs.msdn.com/johnls/archive/2005/08/09/449655.aspx
int BitCount(UINT64 n)
{
    n = (n & 0x5555555555555555) + ((n >> 1) & 0x555555555555555); 
    n = (n & 0x3333333333333333) + ((n >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333); 
    n = (n & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F) + ((n >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F); 
    return (int)(n % 0xFF);
}

BOOL IsBitSet(UINT64 n, int b)
{
    return (b < 0x40) && (n & ((UINT64)1 << b));
}

void UnmapImage(PLOADED_IMAGE_DATA pImageData)
{
    if (NULL != pImageData->pBase)
        UnmapViewOfFile(pImageData->pBase);
    
    if (NULL != pImageData->hMap)
        CloseHandle(pImageData->hMap);
        
    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != pImageData->hFile)
        CloseHandle(pImageData->hFile);
}


HRESULT MapImage(wchar_t* pImage, PLOADED_IMAGE_DATA pImageData)
{
    pImageData->hFile = NULL; // A bit redundant perhaps
    pImageData->hMap = NULL;
    pImageData->pBase = NULL;
    pImageData->pNtHeader = NULL;

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != (pImageData->hFile = CreateFile(pImage, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL)))
    {
        if (NULL != (pImageData->hMap = CreateFileMapping(pImageData->hFile, NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, 0, NULL)))
        {
            if (NULL != (pImageData->pBase = MapViewOfFile(pImageData->hMap, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0)))
            {
                if (NULL != (pImageData->pNtHeader = ImageNtHeader(pImageData->pBase)))
                    return S_OK;
                else
                    hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_BAD_FORMAT);
            }
        }
    }
    
    if (hr == S_OK)
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
    
    UnmapImage(pImageData);
    return hr;
}

int _cdecl wmain(int argc, wchar_t* argv[])
{
    if (argc < 2)
    {
        wprintf(
            L"usage: chgmvid <image-file> [/c]\n\n"
            L"/c    If not specified, MVID will be displayed but not changed.\n");
        return 0;
    }

    bool changeMvid = false;

    if (argc == 3)
    {
        if (argv[2][0] == '/' || argv[2][0] == '-')
        {
            if (argv[2][1] == 'c' || argv[2][1] == 'C')
                changeMvid = true;                
        }
    }

    LOADED_IMAGE_DATA imageData;
    HRESULT hr = MapImage(argv[1], &imageData);
    
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        wprintf(L"ERROR: Unable to load image (%u)\n", HRESULT_CODE(hr));
        return 1;
    }

    PIMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY pDataDirectories = NULL;
    
    switch (imageData.pNtHeader->OptionalHeader.Magic)
    {
        case IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR32_MAGIC:
            pDataDirectories = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32>(
                imageData.pNtHeader)->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory;
            break;

        case IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC:
            pDataDirectories = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64>(
                imageData.pNtHeader)->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory;
            break;
        
        default:
            wprintf(L"ERROR: Not a PE/PE+ file\n");
            return 1;
    }
    
    // Make sure there is a CLR header
    _ASSERTE(pDataDirectories != NULL);

    if (0 == pDataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR].VirtualAddress ||
        0 == pDataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR].Size)
    {
        wprintf(L"ERROR: No CLR header\n");
        return 1;
    }

    // Get the CLR header
    PIMAGE_COR20_HEADER pCorHeader = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_COR20_HEADER>(
        RVA2VA(&imageData, pDataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR].VirtualAddress));
    
    if (NULL == pCorHeader)
    {
        wprintf(L"ERROR: Could not get CLR header\n");
        return 1;
    }
    
    BYTE* pMetadataRoot = (BYTE*)RVA2VA(&imageData, pCorHeader->MetaData.VirtualAddress);
    
    if (*(UINT32*)pMetadataRoot != 0x424A5342)
    {
        wprintf(L"ERROR: Could not identify metadata root\n");
        return 1;
    }
    
    wprintf(L"\nCLR Target: %S\n", (CHAR*)(pMetadataRoot + 16));
    
    UINT32 paddedVersionLength = Align(4, *(UINT32*)(pMetadataRoot + 12));
    UINT16 numStreams = *(UINT16*)(pMetadataRoot + 16 + paddedVersionLength + 2);
    BYTE* pStreamHeader = (pMetadataRoot + 16 + paddedVersionLength + 4);
    BYTE* pTildeStream = NULL;
    BYTE* pGuidStream = NULL;
    
    for (UINT16 i = 0; i < numStreams; i++)
    {
        BYTE* pStreamData = pMetadataRoot + *(UINT32*)(pStreamHeader);
        char* pStreamName = (char*)(pStreamHeader + 8);
        
        if (strcmp(pStreamName, "#~") == 0)
            pTildeStream = pStreamData;
        else if (strcmp(pStreamName, "#GUID") == 0)
            pGuidStream = pStreamData;
                
        pStreamHeader += 8 + Align(4, strlen((char*)(pStreamHeader + 8)) + 1);
    }
    
    if (NULL == pTildeStream || NULL == pGuidStream)
    {
        wprintf(L"ERROR: Cannot find #~ and/or #GUID streams\n");
        return 1;
    }
    
    if (*(pTildeStream + 4) != 2 && *(pTildeStream + 5) != 0)
    {
        wprintf(L"ERROR: Expected version number 2.0 in metadata stream\n");
        return 1;
    }
    
    BOOL bigStringHeap = (*(pTildeStream + 6) & 0x01) != 0;
    BOOL bigGuidHeap = (*(pTildeStream + 6) & 0x02) != 0;
    
    // Check that the module table is present.  It's table 0x00.  The CLI spec. is not clear about the format 
    // of these bit arrays.  They are actually stored as little endian 64-bit integers.
    if (!IsBitSet(*(UINT64*)(pTildeStream + 8), 0x00))
    {
        wprintf(L"ERROR: No module table present\n");    
        return 1;
    }
    
    unsigned presentTables = BitCount(*(UINT64*)(pTildeStream + 8));     
    
    // Remember, the module table is number 0x00, so it's easy to find.
    BYTE* pModuleTable = pTildeStream + 24 + 4 * presentTables;
    
    // Indexes into the GUID table are 1 based
    UINT32 guidIndex = bigGuidHeap ? 
        (*(UINT16*)(pModuleTable + 2 + (bigStringHeap ? 4 : 2)) - 1) :    
        (*(UINT32*)(pModuleTable + 2 + (bigStringHeap ? 4 : 2)) - 1);
    BYTE* pMvid = pGuidStream + guidIndex * 16;
    GUID mvid;

    memcpy(&mvid, pMvid, sizeof(mvid));

    wprintf(L"Current MVID: {%08X-%04X-%04X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X}\n", 
        mvid.Data1, mvid.Data2, mvid.Data3,
        (int)mvid.Data4[0], (int)mvid.Data4[1], (int)mvid.Data4[2], (int)mvid.Data4[3],
        (int)mvid.Data4[4], (int)mvid.Data4[5], (int)mvid.Data4[6], (int)mvid.Data4[7]);
    
    if (changeMvid)
    {
        UuidCreate(&mvid);
        
        memcpy(pMvid, &mvid, sizeof(mvid));

        wprintf(L"New MVID: {%08X-%04X-%04X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X}\n", 
            mvid.Data1, mvid.Data2, mvid.Data3,
            (int)mvid.Data4[0], (int)mvid.Data4[1], (int)mvid.Data4[2], (int)mvid.Data4[3],
            (int)mvid.Data4[4], (int)mvid.Data4[5], (int)mvid.Data4[6], (int)mvid.Data4[7]);
    }
    
    // Clean-up
    UnmapImage(&imageData);    
    
    return 0;
}

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March 06, 2006
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Changing MVID's

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