Cómo: Utilizar diferentes certificados X.509 para la firma y el cifrado
En este tema se muestra cómo configurar Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) para utilizar certificados diferentes para la firma y el cifrado de mensajes tanto en el cliente como en el servicio.
Para poder utilizar certificados independientes para la firma y el cifrado, se debe crear un cliente personalizado o las credenciales de servicio (o ambos) porque WCF no proporciona una API para establecer varios clientes o certificados de servicio. Además, se debe proporcionar un administrador de tokens de seguridad para sacar el máximo partido a la información de varios certificados y crear un proveedor de tokens de seguridad adecuado para el uso de claves especificado y la dirección del mensaje.
El diagrama siguiente muestra las clases principales que se utilizan, las clases de las que se heredan (identificadas mediante una flecha que señala hacia arriba) y los tipos de valor devueltos de ciertos métodos y propiedades.
MyClientCredentials es una implementación personalizada de ClientCredentials.
Todas sus propiedades, que se muestran en el diagrama, devuelven instancias de X509Certificate2.
Su método CreateSecurityTokenManager devuelve una instancia de MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager.
MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager es una implementación personalizada de ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager.
- Su método CreateSecurityTokenProvider devuelve una instancia de X509SecurityTokenProvider.
Para obtener más información sobre las credenciales personalizadas, vea Tutorial: Crear credenciales de cliente y servicio personalizadas.
Además, debe crear un comprobador de identidad personalizado y vincularlo a un elemento de enlace de seguridad en un enlace personalizado. También debe utilizar las credenciales personalizadas en lugar de las credenciales predeterminadas.
En el diagrama siguiente, se muestran las clases implicadas en el enlace personalizado y cómo se vincula el comprobador de identidad personalizado. Hay varios elementos de enlace implicados. Todos ellos se heredan de BindingElement. AsymmetricSecurityBindingElement tiene la propiedad LocalClientSecuritySettings, que devuelve una instancia de IdentityVerifier, a partir de la cual se personaliza MyIdentityVerifier.
Para obtener más información sobre cómo crear un comprobador de identidad personalizado, consulte Cómo crear un comprobador de identidad de cliente personalizado.
Para utilizar certificados independientes para la firma y el cifrado
Defina una nueva clase de credenciales de cliente que herede de la clase ClientCredentials. Implemente cuatro nuevas propiedades para permitir la especificación de múltiples certificados:
ClientSigningCertificate
,ClientEncryptingCertificate
,ServiceSigningCertificate
yServiceEncryptingCertificate
. Invalide también el método CreateSecurityTokenManager para devolver una instancia de la clase ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager personalizada que se define en el paso siguiente.Public Class MyClientCredentials Inherits ClientCredentials Private clientSigningCert As X509Certificate2 Private clientEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2 Private serviceSigningCert As X509Certificate2 Private serviceEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2 Public Sub New() End Sub Protected Sub New(ByVal other As MyClientCredentials) MyBase.New(other) Me.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert Me.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert Me.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert Me.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert End Sub Public Property ClientSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.clientSigningCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.clientSigningCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ClientEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.clientEncryptingCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.clientEncryptingCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ServiceSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.serviceSigningCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.serviceSigningCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ServiceEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.serviceEncryptingCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.serviceEncryptingCert = value End Set End Property Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenManager() As SecurityTokenManager Return New MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(Me) End Function Protected Overrides Function CloneCore() As ClientCredentials Return New MyClientCredentials(Me) End Function End Class
public class MyClientCredentials : ClientCredentials { X509Certificate2 clientSigningCert; X509Certificate2 clientEncryptingCert; X509Certificate2 serviceSigningCert; X509Certificate2 serviceEncryptingCert; public MyClientCredentials() { } protected MyClientCredentials(MyClientCredentials other) : base(other) { this.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert; this.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert; this.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert; this.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert; } public X509Certificate2 ClientSigningCertificate { get { return this.clientSigningCert; } set { this.clientSigningCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ClientEncryptingCertificate { get { return this.clientEncryptingCert; } set { this.clientEncryptingCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ServiceSigningCertificate { get { return this.serviceSigningCert; } set { this.serviceSigningCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ServiceEncryptingCertificate { get { return this.serviceEncryptingCert; } set { this.serviceEncryptingCert = value; } } public override SecurityTokenManager CreateSecurityTokenManager() { return new MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(this); } protected override ClientCredentials CloneCore() { return new MyClientCredentials(this); } }
Defina un nuevo administrador de tokens de seguridad del cliente que herede de la clase ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager. Invalide el método CreateSecurityTokenProvider para crear un proveedor de tokens de seguridad adecuado. El parámetro requirement (un SecurityTokenRequirement) proporciona la dirección del mensaje y el uso de las claves.
Friend Class MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager Inherits ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager Private credentials As MyClientCredentials Public Sub New(ByVal credentials As MyClientCredentials) MyBase.New(credentials) Me.credentials = credentials End Sub Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenProvider(ByVal requirement As SecurityTokenRequirement) As SecurityTokenProvider Dim result As SecurityTokenProvider = Nothing If requirement.TokenType = SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate Then Dim direction = requirement.GetProperty(Of MessageDirection)(ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement.MessageDirectionProperty) If direction = MessageDirection.Output Then If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Signature Then result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(Me.credentials.ClientSigningCertificate) Else result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(Me.credentials.ServiceEncryptingCertificate) End If Else If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Signature Then result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(Me.credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate) Else result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ClientEncryptingCertificate) End If End If Else result = MyBase.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement) End If Return result End Function Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(ByVal tokenRequirement As SecurityTokenRequirement, _ <System.Runtime.InteropServices.Out()> ByRef outOfBandTokenResolver As SecurityTokenResolver) As SecurityTokenAuthenticator Return MyBase.CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(tokenRequirement, _ outOfBandTokenResolver) End Function End Class
internal class MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager : ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager { MyClientCredentials credentials; public MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager( MyClientCredentials credentials): base(credentials) { this.credentials = credentials; } public override SecurityTokenProvider CreateSecurityTokenProvider( SecurityTokenRequirement requirement) { SecurityTokenProvider result = null; if (requirement.TokenType == SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate) { MessageDirection direction = requirement.GetProperty <MessageDirection>(ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement. MessageDirectionProperty); if (direction == MessageDirection.Output) { if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Signature) { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider( this.credentials.ClientSigningCertificate); } else { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(this.credentials. ServiceEncryptingCertificate); } } else { if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Signature) { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(this. credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate); } else { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials. ClientEncryptingCertificate); } } } else { result = base.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement); } return result; } public override SecurityTokenAuthenticator CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(SecurityTokenRequirement tokenRequirement, out SecurityTokenResolver outOfBandTokenResolver) { return base.CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(tokenRequirement, out outOfBandTokenResolver); } }
Defina una nueva clase de credenciales de servicio que hereda de la clase ServiceCredentials. Implemente cuatro nuevas propiedades para permitir la especificación de múltiples certificados:
ClientSigningCertificate
,ClientEncryptingCertificate
,ServiceSigningCertificate
yServiceEncryptingCertificate
. Invalide también el método CreateSecurityTokenManager para devolver una instancia de la clase ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager personalizada que se define en el paso siguiente.Public Class MyServiceCredentials Inherits ServiceCredentials Private clientSigningCert As X509Certificate2 Private clientEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2 Private serviceSigningCert As X509Certificate2 Private serviceEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2 Public Sub New() End Sub Protected Sub New(ByVal other As MyServiceCredentials) MyBase.New(other) Me.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert Me.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert Me.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert Me.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert End Sub Public Property ClientSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.clientSigningCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.clientSigningCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ClientEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.clientEncryptingCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.clientEncryptingCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ServiceSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.serviceSigningCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.serviceSigningCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ServiceEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.serviceEncryptingCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.serviceEncryptingCert = value End Set End Property Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenManager() As SecurityTokenManager Return New MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(Me) End Function Protected Overrides Function CloneCore() As ServiceCredentials Return New MyServiceCredentials(Me) End Function End Class
public class MyServiceCredentials : ServiceCredentials { X509Certificate2 clientSigningCert; X509Certificate2 clientEncryptingCert; X509Certificate2 serviceSigningCert; X509Certificate2 serviceEncryptingCert; public MyServiceCredentials() { } protected MyServiceCredentials(MyServiceCredentials other) : base(other) { this.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert; this.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert; this.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert; this.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert; } public X509Certificate2 ClientSigningCertificate { get { return this.clientSigningCert; } set { this.clientSigningCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ClientEncryptingCertificate { get { return this.clientEncryptingCert; } set { this.clientEncryptingCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ServiceSigningCertificate { get { return this.serviceSigningCert; } set { this.serviceSigningCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ServiceEncryptingCertificate { get { return this.serviceEncryptingCert; } set { this.serviceEncryptingCert = value; } } public override SecurityTokenManager CreateSecurityTokenManager() { return new MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(this); } protected override ServiceCredentials CloneCore() { return new MyServiceCredentials(this); } }
Defina un nuevo administrador de tokens de seguridad de servicio que herede de la clase ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager. Invalide el método CreateSecurityTokenProvider para crear un proveedor de tokens de seguridad adecuado dada la dirección del mensaje pasada y el uso de las claves.
Friend Class MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager Inherits ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager Private credentials As MyServiceCredentials Public Sub New(ByVal credentials As MyServiceCredentials) MyBase.New(credentials) Me.credentials = credentials End Sub Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenProvider(ByVal requirement As SecurityTokenRequirement) As SecurityTokenProvider Dim result As SecurityTokenProvider = Nothing If requirement.TokenType = SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate Then Dim direction = requirement.GetProperty(Of MessageDirection)(ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement.MessageDirectionProperty) If direction = MessageDirection.Input Then If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Exchange Then result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ServiceEncryptingCertificate) Else result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ClientSigningCertificate) End If Else If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Signature Then result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate) Else result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ClientEncryptingCertificate) End If End If Else result = MyBase.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement) End If Return result End Function End Class
internal class MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager : ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager { MyServiceCredentials credentials; public MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager( MyServiceCredentials credentials) : base(credentials) { this.credentials = credentials; } public override SecurityTokenProvider CreateSecurityTokenProvider( SecurityTokenRequirement requirement) { SecurityTokenProvider result = null; if (requirement.TokenType == SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate) { MessageDirection direction = requirement. GetProperty<MessageDirection>( ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement. MessageDirectionProperty); if (direction == MessageDirection.Input) { if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Exchange) { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider( credentials.ServiceEncryptingCertificate); } else { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider( credentials.ClientSigningCertificate); } } else { if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Signature) { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider( credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate); } else { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider( credentials.ClientEncryptingCertificate); } } } else { result = base.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement); } return result; } }
Para utilizar varios certificados en el cliente
Cree un enlace personalizado. El elemento de enlace de seguridad debe funcionar en modo dúplex para permitir que distintos proveedores de tokens de seguridad estén presentes para las solicitudes y respuestas. Una manera de hacerlo es utilizar un transporte de tipo dúplex o utilizar CompositeDuplexBindingElement tal y como se muestra en el código siguiente. Vincule el objeto IdentityVerifier personalizado que se define en el paso siguiente al elemento de enlace de seguridad. Reemplace las credenciales de cliente predeterminadas con las credenciales de cliente personalizadas creadas previamente.
Dim serviceEndpoint As New EndpointAddress(New Uri("https://localhost:6060/service")) Dim binding As New CustomBinding() Dim securityBE = SecurityBindingElement.CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement(MessageSecurityVersion.WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10) ' Add a custom IdentityVerifier because the service uses two certificates ' (one for signing and one for encryption) and an endpoint identity that ' contains a single identity claim. securityBE.LocalClientSettings.IdentityVerifier = New MyIdentityVerifier() binding.Elements.Add(securityBE) Dim compositeDuplex As New CompositeDuplexBindingElement() compositeDuplex.ClientBaseAddress = New Uri("https://localhost:6061/client") With binding.Elements .Add(compositeDuplex) .Add(New OneWayBindingElement()) .Add(New HttpTransportBindingElement()) End With Using factory As New ChannelFactory(Of IMyServiceChannel)(binding, serviceEndpoint) Dim credentials As New MyClientCredentials() SetupCertificates(credentials) With factory.Endpoint.Behaviors .Remove(GetType(ClientCredentials)) .Add(credentials) End With Dim channel = factory.CreateChannel() Console.WriteLine(channel.Hello("world")) channel.Close() End Using
EndpointAddress serviceEndpoint = new EndpointAddress(new Uri("https://localhost:6060/service")); CustomBinding binding = new CustomBinding(); AsymmetricSecurityBindingElement securityBE = SecurityBindingElement.CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement( MessageSecurityVersion. WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10); // Add a custom IdentityVerifier because the service uses two certificates // (one for signing and one for encryption) and an endpoint identity that // contains a single identity claim. securityBE.LocalClientSettings.IdentityVerifier = new MyIdentityVerifier(); binding.Elements.Add(securityBE); CompositeDuplexBindingElement compositeDuplex = new CompositeDuplexBindingElement(); compositeDuplex.ClientBaseAddress = new Uri("https://localhost:6061/client"); binding.Elements.Add(compositeDuplex); binding.Elements.Add(new OneWayBindingElement()); binding.Elements.Add(new HttpTransportBindingElement()); using (ChannelFactory<IMyServiceChannel> factory = new ChannelFactory<IMyServiceChannel>(binding, serviceEndpoint)) { MyClientCredentials credentials = new MyClientCredentials(); SetupCertificates(credentials); factory.Endpoint.Behaviors.Remove(typeof(ClientCredentials)); factory.Endpoint.Behaviors.Add(credentials); IMyServiceChannel channel = factory.CreateChannel(); Console.WriteLine(channel.Hello("world")); channel.Close(); }
Defina un objeto IdentityVerifier personalizado. El servicio tiene varias identidades porque se usan certificados diferentes para cifrar la solicitud y firmar la respuesta.
Nota: En el ejemplo siguiente, el comprobador de identidad personalizado proporcionado no realiza ninguna comprobación de identidad del extremo con fines de demostración. No se trata de una práctica recomendada para el código de producción. Friend Class MyIdentityVerifier Inherits IdentityVerifier Private defaultVerifier As IdentityVerifier Public Sub New() Me.defaultVerifier = IdentityVerifier.CreateDefault() End Sub Public Overrides Function CheckAccess(ByVal identity As EndpointIdentity, ByVal authContext As AuthorizationContext) As Boolean ' The following implementation is for demonstration only, and ' does not perform any checks regarding EndpointIdentity. ' Do not use this for production code. Return True End Function Public Overrides Function TryGetIdentity(ByVal reference As EndpointAddress, <System.Runtime.InteropServices.Out()> ByRef identity As EndpointIdentity) As Boolean Return Me.defaultVerifier.TryGetIdentity(reference, identity) End Function End Class
class MyIdentityVerifier : IdentityVerifier { IdentityVerifier defaultVerifier; public MyIdentityVerifier() { this.defaultVerifier = IdentityVerifier.CreateDefault(); } public override bool CheckAccess(EndpointIdentity identity, AuthorizationContext authContext) { // The following implementation is for demonstration only, and // does not perform any checks regarding EndpointIdentity. // Do not use this for production code. return true; } public override bool TryGetIdentity(EndpointAddress reference, out EndpointIdentity identity) { return this.defaultVerifier.TryGetIdentity(reference, out identity); } }
Para utilizar varios certificados en el servicio
Cree un enlace personalizado. El elemento de enlace de seguridad debe funcionar en modo dúplex para permitir que distintos proveedores de tokens de seguridad estén presentes para las solicitudes y respuestas. Tal y como ocurre con el cliente, utilice un transporte de tipo dúplex o use CompositeDuplexBindingElement tal y como se muestra en el código siguiente. Reemplace las credenciales de servicio predeterminadas con las credenciales de servicio personalizadas creadas previamente.
Dim serviceEndpoint As New Uri("https://localhost:6060/service") Using host As New ServiceHost(GetType(Service), serviceEndpoint) Dim binding As New CustomBinding() With binding.Elements .Add(SecurityBindingElement.CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement(MessageSecurityVersion.WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10)) .Add(New CompositeDuplexBindingElement()) .Add(New OneWayBindingElement()) .Add(New HttpTransportBindingElement()) End With Dim credentials As New MyServiceCredentials() SetupCertificates(credentials) With host.Description.Behaviors .Remove(GetType(ServiceCredentials)) .Add(credentials) End With Dim endpoint = host.AddServiceEndpoint(GetType(IMyService), binding, "") host.Open() Console.WriteLine("Service started, press ENTER to stop...") Console.ReadLine() End Using
Uri serviceEndpoint = new Uri("https://localhost:6060/service"); using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Service), serviceEndpoint)) { CustomBinding binding = new CustomBinding(); binding.Elements.Add(SecurityBindingElement. CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement( MessageSecurityVersion.WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10)); binding.Elements.Add(new CompositeDuplexBindingElement()); binding.Elements.Add(new OneWayBindingElement()); binding.Elements.Add(new HttpTransportBindingElement()); MyServiceCredentials credentials = new MyServiceCredentials(); SetupCertificates(credentials); host.Description.Behaviors.Remove(typeof(ServiceCredentials)); host.Description.Behaviors.Add(credentials); ServiceEndpoint endpoint = host.AddServiceEndpoint( typeof(IMyService), binding, ""); host.Open(); Console.WriteLine("Service started, press ENTER to stop..."); Console.ReadLine(); }
Vea también
Referencia
ClientCredentials
ServiceCredentials
ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager
ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager
IdentityVerifier
Conceptos
Tutorial: Crear credenciales de cliente y servicio personalizadas