Realizar de copias de seguridad y restaurar bases de datos y registros de transacciones

En SMO, la clase Backup y la clase Restore son clases de utilidad que proporcionan las herramientas para realizar las tareas concretas de copias de seguridad y restauración. Un objeto Backup representa una tarea de copia de seguridad concreta necesaria en lugar de un objeto MicrosoftSQL Server en la instancia del servidor.

Si se produce una pérdida de datos o se dañan, se debe restaurar la copia de seguridad, total o parcialmente. La restauración parcial utiliza la colección FileGroupCollection para segmentar los datos que se van a restaurar. Si la copia de seguridad es de un registro de transacciones, los datos se pueden desde un momento determinado utilizando la propiedad ToPointInTime del objeto Restore. Los datos también se pueden validar utilizando el método SqlVerify. El procedimiento de copia de seguridad recomendado es comprobar la integridad de la copia de seguridad haciendo una operación de restauración y comprobando los datos en la base de datos periódicamente.

Al igual que el objeto Backup, el objeto Restore no necesita crearse utilizando un método Create porque no representa ningún objeto en la instancia de SQL Server. El objeto Restore es un conjunto de propiedades y métodos que se utilizan para restaurar una base de datos.

Ejemplos

Para utilizar cualquier ejemplo de código que se proporcione, deberá elegir el entorno de programación, la plantilla de programación y el lenguaje de programación en los que crear su aplicación. Para obtener más información, vea Crear un proyecto de Visual Basic SMO en Visual Studio .NET o Crear un proyecto de Visual C# SMO en Visual Studio .NET.

Realizar copias de seguridad de bases de datos y registros de transacciones en Visual Basic

En este ejemplo de código se muestra cómo realizar una copia de seguridad de una base de datos existente en un archivo y cómo restaurarla.

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic.MyServices

Module SMO_VBBackup3

    Sub Main()
        'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.
        Dim srv As Server
        srv = New Server

        'Reference the AdventureWorks2008R2 database.
        Dim db As Database
        db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2")

        'Store the current recovery model in a variable.
        Dim recoverymod As Integer
        recoverymod = db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel

        'Define a Backup object variable. 
        Dim bk As New Backup

        'Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up.
        bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database
        bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks2008R2"
        bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks 2008R2 Backup"
        bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2008R2"

        'Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file.
        Dim bdi As BackupDeviceItem
        bdi = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File)

        'Add the device to the Backup object.
        bk.Devices.Add(bdi)

        'Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.
        bk.Incremental = False

        'Set the expiration date.
        Dim backupdate As New Date
        backupdate = New Date(2006, 10, 5)
        bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate

        'Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.
        bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate

        'Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)

        'Inform the user that the backup has been completed.
        Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.")

        'Remove the backup device from the Backup object.
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdi)

        'Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.
        Dim t As Table
        t = New Table(db, "test_table")
        Dim c As Column
        c = New Column(t, "col", DataType.Int)
        t.Columns.Add(c)
        t.Create()

        'Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.
        Dim bdid As BackupDeviceItem
        bdid = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File)

        'Add the device to the Backup object.
        bk.Devices.Add(bdid)

        'Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.
        bk.Incremental = True

        'Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)

        'Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.")

        'Remove the device from the Backup object.
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdid)

        'Delete the AdventureWorks2008R2 database before restoring it.
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2").Drop()

        'Define a Restore object variable.
        Dim rs As Restore
        rs = New Restore

        'Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.
        rs.NoRecovery = True

        'Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.
        rs.Devices.Add(bdi)

        'Specify the database name.
        rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2008R2"

        'Restore the full database backup with no recovery.
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)

        'Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.
        Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.")

        'Remove the device from the Restore object.
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdi)

        'Set te NoRecovery property to False.
        rs.NoRecovery = False

        'Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.
        rs.Devices.Add(bdid)

        'Restore the differential database backup with recovery.
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)

        'Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.")

        'Remove the device.
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdid)

        'Set the database recovery mode back to its original value.
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2").DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = recoverymod

        'Drop the table that was added.
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2").Tables("test_table").Drop()
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2").Alter()

        'Remove the backup files from the hard disk.
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Full_Backup1")
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Differential_Backup1")
    End Sub
End Module

Realizar copias de seguridad de bases de datos y registros de transacciones en Visual C#

En este ejemplo de código se muestra cómo realizar una copia de seguridad de una base de datos existente en un archivo y cómo restaurarla.

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;

class A {
   public static void Main() {
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server. 
      Server srv = new Server();
      // Reference the AdventureWorks2012 database. 
      Database db = default(Database);
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2012"];

      // Store the current recovery model in a variable. 
      int recoverymod;
      recoverymod = (int)db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel;

      // Define a Backup object variable. 
      Backup bk = new Backup();

      // Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up. 
      bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database;
      bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of Adventureworks2012";
      bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks2012 Backup";
      bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2012";

      // Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file. 
      BackupDeviceItem bdi = default(BackupDeviceItem);
      bdi = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File);

      // Add the device to the Backup object. 
      bk.Devices.Add(bdi);
      // Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup. 
      bk.Incremental = false;

      // Set the expiration date. 
      System.DateTime backupdate = new System.DateTime();
      backupdate = new System.DateTime(2006, 10, 5);
      bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate;

      // Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete. 
      bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate;

      // Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server. 
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);

      // Inform the user that the backup has been completed. 
      System.Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.");

      // Remove the backup device from the Backup object. 
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdi);

      // Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table. 
      Table t = default(Table);
      t = new Table(db, "test_table");
      Column c = default(Column);
      c = new Column(t, "col", DataType.Int);
      t.Columns.Add(c);
      t.Create();

      // Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object. 
      BackupDeviceItem bdid = default(BackupDeviceItem);
      bdid = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File);

      // Add the device to the Backup object. 
      bk.Devices.Add(bdid);

      // Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup. 
      bk.Incremental = true;

      // Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server. 
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);

      // Inform the user that the differential backup is complete. 
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.");

      // Remove the device from the Backup object. 
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdid);

      // Delete the AdventureWorks2012 database before restoring it
      // db.Drop();

      // Define a Restore object variable.
      Restore rs = new Restore();

      // Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered. 
      rs.NoRecovery = true;

      // Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object. 
      rs.Devices.Add(bdi);

      // Specify the database name. 
      rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2012";

      // Restore the full database backup with no recovery. 
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);

      // Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete. 
      Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.");

      // reacquire a reference to the database
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2012"];

      // Remove the device from the Restore object.
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdi);

      // Set the NoRecovery property to False. 
      rs.NoRecovery = false;

      // Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object. 
      rs.Devices.Add(bdid);

      // Restore the differential database backup with recovery. 
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);

      // Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete. 
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.");

      // Remove the device. 
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdid);

      // Set the database recovery mode back to its original value.
      db.RecoveryModel = (RecoveryModel)recoverymod;

      // Drop the table that was added. 
      db.Tables["test_table"].Drop();
      db.Alter();

      // Remove the backup files from the hard disk.
      // This location is dependent on the installation of SQL Server
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL11.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Full_Backup1");
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL11.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Differential_Backup1");
   }
}

Realizar copias de seguridad de bases de datos y registros de transacciones en PowerShell

En este ejemplo de código se muestra cómo realizar una copia de seguridad de una base de datos existente en un archivo y cómo restaurarla.

#Backing up and restoring a Database from PowerShell

#Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.

#Get a server object which corresponds to the default instance
$srv = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Server

#Reference the AdventureWorks database.
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]

#Store the current recovery model in a variable.
$recoverymod = $db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel

#Create a Backup object
$bk = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Backup

#set to backup the database
$bk.Action = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupActionType]::Database

#Set back up properties
$bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks"
$bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks Backup"
$bk.Database = "AdventureWorks"

#Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, 
#and the type of device is a file.
$dt = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DeviceType]::File
$bdi = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `
-argumentlist "Test_FullBackup1", $dt

#Add the device to the Backup object.
$bk.Devices.Add($bdi)

#Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.
$bk.Incremental = $false

#Set the expiration date.
$bk.ExpirationDate = get-date "10/05/2006"

#Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.
$bk.LogTruncation = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupTruncateLogType]::Truncate

#Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)

#Inform the user that the backup has been completed.
"Full Backup complete."

#Remove the backup device from the Backup object.
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdi)

#Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.
$t = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Table -argumentlist $db, "test_table"
$type = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DataType]::int
$c = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Column -argumentlist $t, "col", $type     
$t.Columns.Add($c)
$t.Create()

#Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.
# $dt is file backup device
$bdid = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `
-argumentlist "Test_DifferentialBackup1", $dt
#Add this device to the backup set
$bk.Devices.Add($bdid)

#Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.
$bk.Incremental = $true

#Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)

#Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.
"Differential Backup complete."

#Remove the device from the Backup object.
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdid)

#Delete the AdventureWorks database before restoring it.
$db.Drop()

#Define a Restore object variable.
$rs = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Restore

#Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.
$rs.NoRecovery = $true

#Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.
$rs.Devices.Add($bdi)

#Specify the database name.
$rs.Database = "AdventureWorks"
#Restore the full database backup with no recovery.
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)

#Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.
"Full Database Restore complete."

#Remove the device from the Restore object.
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdi)

#Set the NoRecovery property to False.
$rs.NoRecovery = $false

#Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.
$rs.Devices.Add($bdid)

#Restore the differential database backup with recovery.
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)

#Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.
"Differential Database Restore complete."
       
#Remove the device.
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdid)

#Set the database recovery mode back to its original value.
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]
$db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = $recoverymod

#Drop the table that was added.
$db.Tables["test_table"].Drop()
$db.Alter()

#Delete the backup files - the exact location depends on your installation
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL11.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_FullBackup1"
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL11.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_DifferentialBackup1"

Ejecutar comprobaciones de integridad de base de datos en Visual Basic

SQL Server proporciona una comprobación de integridad de los datos. En este ejemplo de código se ejecuta una comprobación de coherencia en la base de datos especificada. En este ejemplo, CheckTables se utiliza, pero se pueden utilizar CheckAllocations, CheckCatalog o CheckIdentityValues de igual forma.

[!NOTA]

El objeto StringCollection requiere una referencia al espacio de nombres mediante el uso de la instrucción imports System.Collections.Specialized.

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common
Imports System.Collections.Specialized
Module S
   Sub Main()
      'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.
      Dim srv As Server
      srv = New Server
      'Reference the AdventureWorks2008R2 database.
      Dim db As Database
      db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2")
      'Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements.
      Dim sc As StringCollection
      'Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable.
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None)
      Dim c As Integer
      For c = 0 To sc.Count - 1
         Console.WriteLine(sc.Item(c))
      Next
   End Sub
End Module

Ejecutar comprobaciones de integridad de base de datos en Visual C#

SQL Server proporciona una comprobación de integridad de los datos. En este ejemplo de código se ejecuta una comprobación de coherencia en la base de datos especificada. En este ejemplo, CheckTables se utiliza, pero se pueden utilizar CheckAllocations, CheckCatalog o CheckIdentityValues de igual forma.

[!NOTA]

El objeto StringCollection requiere una referencia al espacio de nombres mediante el uso de la instrucción imports System.Collections.Specialized.

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;
using System;

class A {
   public static void Main() {
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server. 
      Server srv = new Server();

      // Reference the AdventureWorks2012 database.           
      Database db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2012"];

      // Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements. 
      System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection sc;

      // Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable. 
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None);

      foreach (string c in sc) {
         Console.WriteLine(c);
      }
   }
}

Ejecutar comprobaciones de integridad de base de datos en PowerShell

SQL Server proporciona una comprobación de integridad de los datos. En este ejemplo de código se ejecuta una comprobación de coherencia en la base de datos especificada. En este ejemplo, CheckTables se utiliza, pero se pueden utilizar CheckAllocations, CheckCatalog o CheckIdentityValues de igual forma.

[!NOTA]

El objeto StringCollection requiere una referencia al espacio de nombres mediante el uso de la instrucción imports System.Collections.Specialized.

# Set the path context to the local, default instance of SQL Server and get a reference to AdventureWorks2012
CD \sql\localhost\default\databases
$db = get-item Adventureworks2012

$sc = $db.CheckTables([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.RepairType]::None)
foreach ($c in $sc)
{
    $c
 }