Cómo ejecutar la lógica de negocios al guardar los cambios (Entity Framework)
Entity Framework le permite ejecutar la lógica de negocios personalizada antes de guardar cambios en la base de datos. Antes de que se procese la operación SaveChanges, se desencadena el evento SavingChanges. Controle este evento para implementar la lógica de negocios personalizada antes de que se guarden los cambios en la base de datos. Para obtener más información acerca de cómo implementar la lógica de negocios personalizada, vea Personalizar objetos (Entity Framework). En los ejemplos de este tema, se muestra cómo controlar el evento SavingChanges para validar los objetos modificados en un contexto del objeto antes de que se guarden los cambios en la base de datos.
El ejemplo de este tema se basa en el modelo Adventure Works Sales. Para ejecutar el código de este ejemplo, debe haber agregado el modelo AdventureWorks Sales al proyecto y haber configurado el proyecto para que use Entity Framework. Para ello, complete los procedimientos de Cómo configurar manualmente un proyecto de Entity Framework y Cómo definir manualmente un modelo Entity Data Model (Entity Framework).
En el primer ejemplo se muestra cómo utilizar OnContextCreated para registrar un controlador para el evento SavingChanges en una instancia de ObjectContext. En el segundo ejemplo se muestra cómo controlar este evento en una clase de proxy que deriva de ObjectContext. En el tercer ejemplo se muestra código que realiza cambios en objetos utilizando la clase de proxy del segundo ejemplo y que, a continuación, llama a SaveChanges.
Ejemplo
En este ejemplo, el método OnContextCreated se define como un método parcial de AdventureWorksEntities. El controlador para el evento SavingChanges se define en este método parcial. El controlador de eventos comprueba que el código de llamada no ha agregado texto inadecuado a la propiedad SalesOrderHeader.Comment antes de que se guarden los cambios. Si la cadena que comprueba el algoritmo (no se muestra) encuentra cualquier problema, se produce una excepción.
Partial Public Class AdventureWorksEntities
Private Sub OnContextCreated()
' Register the handler for the SavingChanges event.
AddHandler Me.SavingChanges, _
AddressOf context_SavingChanges
End Sub
' SavingChanges event handler.
Private Sub context_SavingChanges(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
Dim context As ObjectContext = CType(sender, ObjectContext)
' Validate the state of each entity in the context
' before SaveChanges can succeed.
For Each entry As ObjectStateEntry In _
context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntries( _
EntityState.Added Or EntityState.Modified)
' Find an object state entry for a SalesOrderHeader object.
If (Not entry.IsRelationship) And _
(TypeOf entry.Entity Is SalesOrderHeader) Then
Dim orderToCheck As SalesOrderHeader = CType(entry.Entity, SalesOrderHeader)
' Call a helper method that performs string checking
' on the Comment property.
Dim textNotAllowed As String = ValidatorObjectContext.CheckStringForLanguage( _
orderToCheck.Comment)
' If the validation method returns a problem string, raise an error.
If textNotAllowed <> String.Empty Then
Throw New ApplicationException(String.Format("Changes cannot be " _
+ "saved because the {0} '{1}' object contains a " _
+ "string that is not allowed in the property '{2}'.", _
entry.State, "SalesOrderHeader", "Comment"))
End If
End If
Next
End Sub
End Class
public partial class AdventureWorksEntities
{
partial void OnContextCreated()
{
// Register the handler for the SavingChanges event.
this.SavingChanges
+= new EventHandler(context_SavingChanges);
}
// SavingChanges event handler.
private static void context_SavingChanges(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Validate the state of each entity in the context
// before SaveChanges can succeed.
foreach (ObjectStateEntry entry in
((ObjectContext)sender).ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntries(
EntityState.Added | EntityState.Modified))
{
// Find an object state entry for a SalesOrderHeader object.
if (!entry.IsRelationship && (entry.Entity.GetType() == typeof(SalesOrderHeader)))
{
SalesOrderHeader orderToCheck = entry.Entity as SalesOrderHeader;
// Call a helper method that performs string checking
// on the Comment property.
string textNotAllowed = Validator.CheckStringForLanguage(
orderToCheck.Comment);
// If the validation method returns a problem string, raise an error.
if (textNotAllowed != string.Empty)
{
throw new ApplicationException(String.Format("Changes cannot be "
+ "saved because the {0} '{1}' object contains a "
+ "string that is not allowed in the property '{2}'.",
entry.State, "SalesOrderHeader","Comment"));
}
}
}
}
}
En este ejemplo, se usa una instancia de AdventureWorksProxy para cambiar la propiedad Comment de un objeto SalesOrderHeader. Cuando se llama a SaveChanges en la instancia de ObjectContext que proporciona la clase AdventureWorksProxy, se ejecuta el código de validación del ejemplo anterior.
' Create an instance of the proxy class that returns an object context.
Dim proxy As AdventureWorksProxy = New AdventureWorksProxy()
' Get the first order from the context.
Dim order As SalesOrderHeader = proxy.Context.SalesOrderHeader.First()
' Add some text that we want to catch before saving changes.
order.Comment += "Some inappropriate comment."
Try
' Save changes using the proxy class.
proxy.Context.SaveChanges()
Catch ex As ApplicationException
' Handle the exception returned by the proxy class
' validation if a problem string is found.
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString())
End Try
// Create an instance of the proxy class that returns an object context.
AdventureWorksProxy proxy = new AdventureWorksProxy();
// Get the first order from the context.
SalesOrderHeader order = proxy.Context.SalesOrderHeader.First();
// Add some text that we want to catch before saving changes.
order.Comment += "Some inappropriate comment.";
try
{
// Save changes using the proxy class.
proxy.Context.SaveChanges();
}
catch (ApplicationException ex)
{
// Handle the exception returned by the proxy class
// validation if a problem string is found.
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
}
En este ejemplo se realizan cambios en objetos en la clase de proxy que deriva de ObjectContext y, a continuación, se llama a SaveChanges. Este ejemplo se utiliza para invocar el control de eventos que se muestra en el ejemplo anterior.
Public Class AdventureWorksProxy
' Define the object context to be provided.
Private contextProxy As New AdventureWorksEntities()
Public Sub New()
' When the object is initialized, register the
' handler for the SavingChanges event.
AddHandler contextProxy.SavingChanges, _
AddressOf context_SavingChanges
End Sub
' Method that provides an object context.
Public ReadOnly Property Context() As AdventureWorksEntities
Get
Return Me.contextProxy
End Get
End Property
' SavingChanges event handler.
Private Sub context_SavingChanges(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
' Ensure that we are passed an ObjectContext
Dim context As ObjectContext = CType(sender, ObjectContext)
If (Not sender Is Nothing) And (TypeOf sender Is ObjectContext) Then
' Validate the state of each entity in the context
' before SaveChanges can succeed.
For Each entry As ObjectStateEntry In _
context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntries( _
EntityState.Added Or EntityState.Modified)
' Find an object state entry for a SalesOrderHeader object.
If (Not entry.IsRelationship) And _
(TypeOf entry.Entity Is SalesOrderHeader) Then
Dim orderToCheck As SalesOrderHeader = CType(entry.Entity, SalesOrderHeader)
' Call a helper method that performs string checking
' on the Comment property.
Dim textNotAllowed As String = Validator.CheckStringForLanguage( _
orderToCheck.Comment)
' If the validation method returns a problem string, raise an error.
If textNotAllowed <> String.Empty Then
Throw New ApplicationException(String.Format("Changes cannot be " _
+ "saved because the {0} '{1}' object contains a " _
+ "string that is not allowed in the property '{2}'.", _
entry.State, "SalesOrderHeader", "Comment"))
End If
End If
Next
End If
End Sub
End Class
public class AdventureWorksProxy
{
// Define the object context to be provided.
private AdventureWorksEntities contextProxy =
new AdventureWorksEntities();
public AdventureWorksProxy()
{
// When the object is initialized, register the
// handler for the SavingChanges event.
contextProxy.SavingChanges
+= new EventHandler(context_SavingChanges);
}
// Method that provides an object context.
public AdventureWorksEntities Context
{
get
{
return contextProxy;
}
}
// SavingChanges event handler.
private void context_SavingChanges(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Ensure that we are passed an ObjectContext
ObjectContext context = sender as ObjectContext;
if (context != null)
{
// Validate the state of each entity in the context
// before SaveChanges can succeed.
foreach (ObjectStateEntry entry in
context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntries(
EntityState.Added | EntityState.Modified))
{
// Find an object state entry for a SalesOrderHeader object.
if (!entry.IsRelationship && (entry.Entity.GetType() == typeof(SalesOrderHeader)))
{
SalesOrderHeader orderToCheck = entry.Entity as SalesOrderHeader;
// Call a helper method that performs string checking
// on the Comment property.
string textNotAllowed = Validator.CheckStringForLanguage(
orderToCheck.Comment);
// If the validation method returns a problem string, raise an error.
if (textNotAllowed != string.Empty)
{
throw new ApplicationException(String.Format("Changes cannot be "
+ "saved because the {0} '{1}' object contains a "
+ "string that is not allowed in the property '{2}'.",
entry.State, "SalesOrderHeader","Comment"));
}
}
}
}
}
}