Ejemplo de desencadenador diario (C++)
En este ejemplo de C++ se muestra cómo crear una tarea programada para ejecutar el Bloc de notas diariamente. La tarea contiene un desencadenador diario que especifica un límite de inicio y un intervalo de día para que se inicie la tarea. En el ejemplo también se muestra cómo establecer un patrón de repetición para que el desencadenador repita la tarea. La tarea también contiene una acción que especifica la tarea que se va a ejecutar el Bloc de notas.
En el procedimiento siguiente se describe cómo programar una tarea para iniciar un archivo ejecutable diariamente.
Para programar que el Bloc de notas se inicie diariamente
Inicialice COM y establezca la seguridad COM general.
Cree el objeto ITaskService .
Este objeto permite crear tareas en una carpeta especificada.
Obtenga una carpeta de tareas en la que crear una tarea.
Use el método ITaskService::GetFolder para obtener la carpeta y el método ITaskService::NewTask para crear el objeto ITaskDefinition .
Defina información sobre la tarea mediante el objeto ITaskDefinition , como la información de registro de la tarea.
Utilice la propiedad RegistrationInfo de ITaskDefinition y otras propiedades de la interfaz ITaskDefinition para definir la información de la tarea.
Cree un desencadenador diario mediante la propiedad Triggers de ITaskDefinition para acceder a la interfaz ITriggerCollection de la tarea.
Use el método ITriggerCollection::Create para especificar que desea crear un desencadenador diario. Puede establecer el límite de inicio y el intervalo de días del desencadenador para que las acciones de la tarea se programen para que se ejecuten en un momento determinado en determinados días. En el ejemplo también se muestra cómo establecer un patrón de repetición para que el desencadenador repita la tarea.
Cree una acción para que la tarea se ejecute mediante la propiedad Actions de ITaskDefinition para tener acceso a la interfaz IActionCollection de la tarea.
Use el método IActionCollection::Create para especificar el tipo de acción que desea crear. En este ejemplo se usa un objeto IExecAction , que representa una acción que ejecuta una operación de línea de comandos.
Registre la tarea mediante el método ITaskFolder::RegisterTaskDefinition .
En el siguiente ejemplo de C++ se muestra cómo programar una tarea para ejecutar el Bloc de notas diariamente.
/********************************************************************
This sample schedules a task to start on a daily basis.
********************************************************************/
#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <comdef.h>
#include <wincred.h>
// Include the task header file.
#include <taskschd.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "taskschd.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "comsupp.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "credui.lib")
using namespace std;
int __cdecl wmain()
{
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize COM.
HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCoInitializeEx failed: %x", hr );
return 1;
}
// Set general COM security levels.
hr = CoInitializeSecurity(
NULL,
-1,
NULL,
NULL,
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT_PRIVACY,
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,
NULL,
0,
NULL);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCoInitializeSecurity failed: %x", hr );
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create a name for the task.
LPCWSTR wszTaskName = L"Daily Trigger Test Task";
// Get the windows directory and set the path to notepad.exe.
wstring wstrExecutablePath = _wgetenv( L"WINDIR");
wstrExecutablePath += L"\\SYSTEM32\\NOTEPAD.EXE";
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create an instance of the Task Service.
ITaskService *pService = NULL;
hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_TaskScheduler,
NULL,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_ITaskService,
(void**)&pService );
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("Failed to create an instance of ITaskService: %x", hr);
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Connect to the task service.
hr = pService->Connect(_variant_t(), _variant_t(),
_variant_t(), _variant_t());
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("ITaskService::Connect failed: %x", hr );
pService->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the pointer to the root task folder. This folder will hold the
// new task that is registered.
ITaskFolder *pRootFolder = NULL;
hr = pService->GetFolder( _bstr_t( L"\\") , &pRootFolder );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("Cannot get Root Folder pointer: %x", hr );
pService->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// If the same task exists, remove it.
pRootFolder->DeleteTask( _bstr_t( wszTaskName), 0 );
// Create the task builder object to create the task.
ITaskDefinition *pTask = NULL;
hr = pService->NewTask( 0, &pTask );
pService->Release(); // COM clean up. Pointer is no longer used.
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("Failed to CoCreate an instance of the TaskService class: %x", hr);
pRootFolder->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the registration info for setting the identification.
IRegistrationInfo *pRegInfo= NULL;
hr = pTask->get_RegistrationInfo( &pRegInfo );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get identification pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pRegInfo->put_Author( _bstr_t(L"Author Name") );
pRegInfo->Release(); // COM clean up. Pointer is no longer used.
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put identification info: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the trigger collection to insert the daily trigger.
ITriggerCollection *pTriggerCollection = NULL;
hr = pTask->get_Triggers( &pTriggerCollection );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get trigger collection: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Add the daily trigger to the task.
ITrigger *pTrigger = NULL;
hr = pTriggerCollection->Create( TASK_TRIGGER_DAILY, &pTrigger );
pTriggerCollection->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot create the trigger: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
IDailyTrigger *pDailyTrigger = NULL;
hr = pTrigger->QueryInterface(
IID_IDailyTrigger, (void**) &pDailyTrigger );
pTrigger->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nQueryInterface call on IDailyTrigger failed: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_Id( _bstr_t( L"Trigger1" ) );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put trigger ID: %x", hr);
// Set the task to start daily at a certain time. The time
// format should be YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS(+-)(timezone).
// For example, the start boundary below
// is January 1st 2005 at 12:05
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_StartBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2005-01-01T12:05:00") );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put start boundary: %x", hr);
// Set the time when the trigger is deactivated.
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_EndBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2007-05-02T12:05:00") );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put the end boundary: %x", hr);
// Define the interval for the daily trigger. An interval of 2 produces an
// every other day schedule
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_DaysInterval( (short)2 );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put days interval: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pDailyTrigger->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Add a repetition to the trigger so that it repeats
// five times.
IRepetitionPattern *pRepetitionPattern = NULL;
hr = pDailyTrigger->get_Repetition( &pRepetitionPattern );
pDailyTrigger->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get repetition pattern: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pRepetitionPattern->put_Duration( _bstr_t(L"PT4M"));
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put repetition duration: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pRepetitionPattern->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pRepetitionPattern->put_Interval( _bstr_t(L"PT1M"));
pRepetitionPattern->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put repetition interval: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Add an action to the task. This task will execute notepad.exe.
IActionCollection *pActionCollection = NULL;
// Get the task action collection pointer.
hr = pTask->get_Actions( &pActionCollection );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get task collection pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Create the action, specifying that it is an executable action.
IAction *pAction = NULL;
hr = pActionCollection->Create( TASK_ACTION_EXEC, &pAction );
pActionCollection->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot create action: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
IExecAction *pExecAction = NULL;
hr = pAction->QueryInterface(
IID_IExecAction, (void**) &pExecAction );
pAction->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nQueryInterface call failed for IExecAction: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Set the path of the executable to notepad.exe.
hr = pExecAction->put_Path( _bstr_t( wstrExecutablePath.c_str() ) );
pExecAction->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put the executable path: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Securely get the user name and password. The task will
// be created to run with the credentials from the supplied
// user name and password.
CREDUI_INFO cui;
TCHAR pszName[CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH] = TEXT("");
TCHAR pszPwd[CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH] = TEXT("");
BOOL fSave;
DWORD dwErr;
cui.cbSize = sizeof(CREDUI_INFO);
cui.hwndParent = NULL;
// Ensure that MessageText and CaptionText identify
// what credentials to use and which application requires them.
cui.pszMessageText = TEXT("Account information for task registration:");
cui.pszCaptionText = TEXT("Enter Account Information for Task Registration");
cui.hbmBanner = NULL;
fSave = FALSE;
// Create the UI asking for the credentials.
dwErr = CredUIPromptForCredentials(
&cui, // CREDUI_INFO structure
TEXT(""), // Target for credentials
NULL, // Reserved
0, // Reason
pszName, // User name
CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH, // Max number for user name
pszPwd, // Password
CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH, // Max number for password
&fSave, // State of save check box
CREDUI_FLAGS_GENERIC_CREDENTIALS | // Flags
CREDUI_FLAGS_ALWAYS_SHOW_UI |
CREDUI_FLAGS_DO_NOT_PERSIST);
if(dwErr)
{
cout << "Did not get credentials." << endl;
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Save the task in the root folder.
IRegisteredTask *pRegisteredTask = NULL;
hr = pRootFolder->RegisterTaskDefinition(
_bstr_t( wszTaskName ),
pTask,
TASK_CREATE_OR_UPDATE,
_variant_t(_bstr_t(pszName)),
_variant_t(_bstr_t(pszPwd)),
TASK_LOGON_PASSWORD,
_variant_t(L""),
&pRegisteredTask);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nError saving the Task : %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
SecureZeroMemory(pszName, sizeof(pszName));
SecureZeroMemory(pszPwd, sizeof(pszPwd));
return 1;
}
printf("\n Success! Task successfully registered. " );
// Clean up
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
pRegisteredTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
SecureZeroMemory(pszName, sizeof(pszName));
SecureZeroMemory(pszPwd, sizeof(pszPwd));
return 0;
}
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