Partager via


Guide pratique pour implémenter CopyToDataTable<T> où le type générique T n’est pas un DataRow

L'objet DataTable est souvent utilisé pour la liaison de données. La méthode CopyToDataTable prend les résultats d'une requête et copie les données dans un objet DataTable qui peut ensuite être utilisé pour la liaison de données. Toutefois, les méthodes CopyToDataTable ne fonctionneront que sur une source IEnumerable<T> où le paramètre générique T est de type DataRow. Bien qu'utile, cela ne permet pas de créer des tables à partir d'une séquence de types scalaires, de requêtes qui projettent des types anonymes ou de requêtes qui effectuent des jointures de tables.

Cette rubrique décrit comment implémenter deux classes d’extension CopyToDataTable<T> personnalisées qui acceptent un paramètre générique T d’un type autre que DataRow. La logique pour créer un objet DataTable à partir d'une source IEnumerable<T> est contenue dans la classe ObjectShredder<T>, laquelle est ensuite encapsulée dans deux méthodes d'extension CopyToDataTable<T> surchargées. La méthode Shred de la classe ObjectShredder<T> retourne les objets DataTable remplis et accepte trois paramètres d'entrée : une source IEnumerable<T>, un objet DataTable et une énumération LoadOption. Le schéma initial de l'objet DataTable retourné est basé sur le schéma du type T. Si une table existante est fournie comme paramètre d'entrée, le schéma doit être cohérent avec le schéma du type T. Chaque propriété publique et champ public du type T est converti en objet DataColumn dans la table retournée. Si la séquence source contient un type dérivé de T, le schéma de table retourné est développé pour toute propriété publique ou tout champ public supplémentaire.

Pour des exemples d’utilisation des méthodes CopyToDataTable<T> personnalisées, consultez Création d’un DataTable à partir d’une requête.

Implémenter les méthodes CopyToDataTable<T> personnalisées dans votre application

  1. Implémentez la classe ObjectShredder<T> pour créer un objet DataTable à partir d'une source IEnumerable<T> :

    public class ObjectShredder<T>
    {
        readonly FieldInfo[] _fi;
        readonly PropertyInfo[] _pi;
        readonly Dictionary<string, int> _ordinalMap;
        readonly Type _type;
    
        // ObjectShredder constructor.
        public ObjectShredder()
        {
            _type = typeof(T);
            _fi = _type.GetFields();
            _pi = _type.GetProperties();
            _ordinalMap = new Dictionary<string, int>();
        }
    
        /// <summary>
        /// Loads a DataTable from a sequence of objects.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="source">The sequence of objects to load into the DataTable.</param>
        /// <param name="table">The input table. The schema of the table must match that
        /// the type T.  If the table is null, a new table is created with a schema
        /// created from the public properties and fields of the type T.</param>
        /// <param name="options">Specifies how values from the source sequence will be applied to
        /// existing rows in the table.</param>
        /// <returns>A DataTable created from the source sequence.</returns>
        public DataTable Shred(IEnumerable<T> source, DataTable table, LoadOption? options)
        {
            // Load the table from the scalar sequence if T is a primitive type.
            if (typeof(T).IsPrimitive)
            {
                return ShredPrimitive(source, table, options);
            }
    
            // Create a new table if the input table is null.
            table ??= new DataTable(typeof(T).Name);
    
            // Initialize the ordinal map and extend the table schema based on type T.
            table = ExtendTable(table, typeof(T));
    
            // Enumerate the source sequence and load the object values into rows.
            table.BeginLoadData();
            foreach (T item in source)
            {
                if (options != null)
                {
                    table.LoadDataRow(ShredObject(table, item), (LoadOption)options);
                }
                else
                {
                    table.LoadDataRow(ShredObject(table, item), true);
                }
            }
            table.EndLoadData();
    
            // Return the table.
            return table;
        }
    
        public DataTable ShredPrimitive(IEnumerable<T> source, DataTable table, LoadOption? options)
        {
            // Create a new table if the input table is null.
            table ??= new DataTable(typeof(T).Name);
    
            if (!table.Columns.Contains("Value"))
            {
                table.Columns.Add("Value", typeof(T));
            }
    
            // Enumerate the source sequence and load the scalar values into rows.
            table.BeginLoadData();
            using (IEnumerator<T> e = source.GetEnumerator())
            {
                var values = new object[table.Columns.Count];
                while (e.MoveNext())
                {
                    values[table.Columns["Value"].Ordinal] = e.Current;
    
                    if (options != null)
                    {
                        table.LoadDataRow(values, (LoadOption)options);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        table.LoadDataRow(values, true);
                    }
                }
            }
            table.EndLoadData();
    
            // Return the table.
            return table;
        }
    
        public object[] ShredObject(DataTable table, T instance)
        {
            FieldInfo[] fi = _fi;
            PropertyInfo[] pi = _pi;
    
            if (instance.GetType() != typeof(T))
            {
                // If the instance is derived from T, extend the table schema
                // and get the properties and fields.
                ExtendTable(table, instance.GetType());
                fi = instance.GetType().GetFields();
                pi = instance.GetType().GetProperties();
            }
    
            // Add the property and field values of the instance to an array.
            var values = new object[table.Columns.Count];
            foreach (FieldInfo f in fi)
            {
                values[_ordinalMap[f.Name]] = f.GetValue(instance);
            }
    
            foreach (PropertyInfo p in pi)
            {
                values[_ordinalMap[p.Name]] = p.GetValue(instance, null);
            }
    
            // Return the property and field values of the instance.
            return values;
        }
    
        public DataTable ExtendTable(DataTable table, Type type)
        {
            // Extend the table schema if the input table was null or if the value
            // in the sequence is derived from type T.
            foreach (FieldInfo f in type.GetFields())
            {
                if (!_ordinalMap.ContainsKey(f.Name))
                {
                    // Add the field as a column in the table if it doesn't exist
                    // already.
                    DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(f.Name) ? table.Columns[f.Name]
                        : table.Columns.Add(f.Name, f.FieldType);
    
                    // Add the field to the ordinal map.
                    _ordinalMap.Add(f.Name, dc.Ordinal);
                }
            }
            foreach (PropertyInfo p in type.GetProperties())
            {
                if (!_ordinalMap.ContainsKey(p.Name))
                {
                    // Add the property as a column in the table if it doesn't exist
                    // already.
                    DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(p.Name) ? table.Columns[p.Name]
                        : table.Columns.Add(p.Name, p.PropertyType);
    
                    // Add the property to the ordinal map.
                    _ordinalMap.Add(p.Name, dc.Ordinal);
                }
            }
    
            // Return the table.
            return table;
        }
    }
    
    Public Class ObjectShredder(Of T)
        ' Fields
        Private _fi As FieldInfo()
        Private _ordinalMap As Dictionary(Of String, Integer)
        Private _pi As PropertyInfo()
        Private _type As Type
    
        ' Constructor
        Public Sub New()
            Me._type = GetType(T)
            Me._fi = Me._type.GetFields
            Me._pi = Me._type.GetProperties
            Me._ordinalMap = New Dictionary(Of String, Integer)
        End Sub
    
        Public Function ShredObject(ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal instance As T) As Object()
            Dim fi As FieldInfo() = Me._fi
            Dim pi As PropertyInfo() = Me._pi
            If (Not instance.GetType Is GetType(T)) Then
                ' If the instance is derived from T, extend the table schema
                ' and get the properties and fields.
                Me.ExtendTable(table, instance.GetType)
                fi = instance.GetType.GetFields
                pi = instance.GetType.GetProperties
            End If
    
            ' Add the property and field values of the instance to an array.
            Dim values As Object() = New Object(table.Columns.Count - 1) {}
            Dim f As FieldInfo
            For Each f In fi
                values(Me._ordinalMap.Item(f.Name)) = f.GetValue(instance)
            Next
            Dim p As PropertyInfo
            For Each p In pi
                values(Me._ordinalMap.Item(p.Name)) = p.GetValue(instance, Nothing)
            Next
    
            ' Return the property and field values of the instance.
            Return values
        End Function
    
    
        ' Summary:           Loads a DataTable from a sequence of objects.
        ' source parameter:  The sequence of objects to load into the DataTable.</param>
        ' table parameter:   The input table. The schema of the table must match that
        '                    the type T.  If the table is null, a new table is created
        '                    with a schema created from the public properties and fields
        '                    of the type T.
        ' options parameter: Specifies how values from the source sequence will be applied to
        '                    existing rows in the table.
        ' Returns:           A DataTable created from the source sequence.
    
        Public Function Shred(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal options As LoadOption?) As DataTable
    
            ' Load the table from the scalar sequence if T is a primitive type.
            If GetType(T).IsPrimitive Then
                Return Me.ShredPrimitive(source, table, options)
            End If
    
            ' Create a new table if the input table is null.
            If (table Is Nothing) Then
                table = New DataTable(GetType(T).Name)
            End If
    
            ' Initialize the ordinal map and extend the table schema based on type T.
            table = Me.ExtendTable(table, GetType(T))
    
            ' Enumerate the source sequence and load the object values into rows.
            table.BeginLoadData()
            Using e As IEnumerator(Of T) = source.GetEnumerator
                Do While e.MoveNext
                    If options.HasValue Then
                        table.LoadDataRow(Me.ShredObject(table, e.Current), options.Value)
                    Else
                        table.LoadDataRow(Me.ShredObject(table, e.Current), True)
                    End If
                Loop
            End Using
            table.EndLoadData()
    
            ' Return the table.
            Return table
        End Function
    
    
        Public Function ShredPrimitive(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal options As LoadOption?) As DataTable
            ' Create a new table if the input table is null.
            If (table Is Nothing) Then
                table = New DataTable(GetType(T).Name)
            End If
            If Not table.Columns.Contains("Value") Then
                table.Columns.Add("Value", GetType(T))
            End If
    
            ' Enumerate the source sequence and load the scalar values into rows.
            table.BeginLoadData()
            Using e As IEnumerator(Of T) = source.GetEnumerator
                Dim values As Object() = New Object(table.Columns.Count - 1) {}
                Do While e.MoveNext
                    values(table.Columns.Item("Value").Ordinal) = e.Current
                    If options.HasValue Then
                        table.LoadDataRow(values, options.Value)
                    Else
                        table.LoadDataRow(values, True)
                    End If
                Loop
            End Using
            table.EndLoadData()
    
            ' Return the table.
            Return table
        End Function
    
        Public Function ExtendTable(ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal type As Type) As DataTable
            ' Extend the table schema if the input table was null or if the value
            ' in the sequence is derived from type T.
            Dim f As FieldInfo
            Dim p As PropertyInfo
    
            For Each f In type.GetFields
                If Not Me._ordinalMap.ContainsKey(f.Name) Then
                    Dim dc As DataColumn
    
                    ' Add the field as a column in the table if it doesn't exist
                    ' already.
                    dc = IIf(table.Columns.Contains(f.Name), table.Columns.Item(f.Name), table.Columns.Add(f.Name, f.FieldType))
    
                    ' Add the field to the ordinal map.
                    Me._ordinalMap.Add(f.Name, dc.Ordinal)
                End If
    
            Next
    
            For Each p In type.GetProperties
                If Not Me._ordinalMap.ContainsKey(p.Name) Then
                    ' Add the property as a column in the table if it doesn't exist
                    ' already.
                    Dim dc As DataColumn
                    dc = IIf(table.Columns.Contains(p.Name), table.Columns.Item(p.Name), table.Columns.Add(p.Name, p.PropertyType))
    
                    ' Add the property to the ordinal map.
                    Me._ordinalMap.Add(p.Name, dc.Ordinal)
                End If
            Next
    
            ' Return the table.
            Return table
        End Function
    
    End Class
    

    L’exemple précédent part du principe que les propriétés de DataColumn ne sont pas des types de valeur pouvant accepter la valeur Null. Pour gérer les propriétés et des champs avec des types de valeur pouvant accepter la valeur Null, utilisez le code suivant :

    // Nullable-aware code for properties.
    DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(p.Name) ? table.Columns[p.Name] : table.Columns.Add(p.Name, Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(p.PropertyType) ?? p.PropertyType);
    
    // Nullable-aware code for fields.
    DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(f.Name) ? table.Columns[f.Name] : table.Columns.Add(f.Name, Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(f.FieldType) ?? f.FieldType);
    
  2. Implémentez les méthodes d’extension CopyToDataTable<T> personnalisées dans une classe :

    public static class CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods
    {
        public static DataTable CopyToDataTable<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source) =>
            new ObjectShredder<T>().Shred(source, null, null);
    
        public static DataTable CopyToDataTable<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source,
                                                    DataTable table, LoadOption? options) =>
            new ObjectShredder<T>().Shred(source, table, options);
    }
    
    Public Module CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods
        <Extension()> _
        Public Function CopyToDataTable(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T)) As DataTable
            Return New ObjectShredder(Of T)().Shred(source, Nothing, Nothing)
        End Function
    
        <Extension()> _
        Public Function CopyToDataTable(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal options As LoadOption?) As DataTable
            Return New ObjectShredder(Of T)().Shred(source, table, options)
        End Function
    
    End Module
    
  3. Ajoutez la classe ObjectShredder<T> et les méthodes d’extension CopyToDataTable<T> à votre application.

Module Module1
    Sub Main()
        ' Your application code using CopyToDataTable<T>.
    End Sub
End Module

Public Module CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods
…
End Module

Public Class ObjectShredder(Of T)
…
End Class
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Your application code using CopyToDataTable<T>.
    }
}
public static class CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods
{
…
}
public class ObjectShredder<T>
{
…
}

Voir aussi