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Part 6b: Windows Server 2012 R2 AD FS - Federated Web SSO

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This is Part 6b of a multi-part series on how to deploy a complete end-to-end Federated Web SSO solution using Windows Server 2012 R2's AD FS role and the Web Application Proxy. In this part I will deploy FABRIKAM's highly available Web Application Proxies.

In case you missed it:

Here is Part 1 - Overview

Here is Part 2 - Installing AD DS, AD CS, and DNS Records

Here is Part 3 - Installing SQL Database Services

Here is Part 4a - Installing CONTOSO's SharePoint Services

Here is Part 4b - Installing FABRIKAM's SharePoint Services

Here is Part 5a - Installing CONTOSO's AD FS Services

Here is Part 5b - Installing FABRIKAM's AD FS Services

Here is Part 6a - Installing CONTOSO's Web Application Proxies

Topology

The following topology highlights in yellow the four servers that will be built for parts 6a and 6b and where they fit into the overall topology. If you wish to see the full topology click here

Deploy FABRIKAM's First Web Application Proxy (WAP) Server

 This section will deploy FABRIKAM's first Web Application Proxy server.

  1. Deploy a Windows Server 2012 R2 workgroup server and configure the IP addess, subnet mask, hostname, and DNS servers. For the purposes of this series the information will be as follows:
    1. Hostname: FABR-WAP01
    2. IP Address: 192.168.30.26
    3. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
    4. DNS Servers: 192.168.30.20
  2. Join the fabrikam.com domain
  3. After rebooting, log into the server using FABRIKAM domain credentials (i.e. FABRIKAM\Administrator)
  4. Add the WAP role to the server by typing the following command from an elevated PowerShell window:
    1. Add-WindowsFeature -Name Web-Application-Proxy -IncludeManagementTools
  5. Request a certificate for the WAP
    1. From the Start Menu type MMC > File > Add/Remove Snapin > Certificates > Add > Computer Account
    2. Click Next > Finish > OK
    3. Expand Certificates > Right Click Personal > All Tasks > Request New Certificate
    4. Click Next, ensure Active Directory Enrollment Policy is highlighted > Next
    5. Select Web Server then click the More Information is required link
    6. For the subject name select Common Name then type sts.fabrikam.com and click Add
    7. Click the General tab and enter sts.fabrikam.com for the Friendly name and Description
    8. Click the Private Key tab
    9. Select Key Options > Make private key exportable then click OK > Enroll
  6. Get the certificate thumbprint of the WAP's certificate by typing the following commands:
    1. dir cert:localmachine/my
  7. Copy the cert thumbprint to Notepad or the clipboard then type the following command to connect the Web Application Proxy to the ADFS servers
    1. Install-WebApplicationProxy -CertificateThumbprint <thumbprint> -FederationServiceName sts.fabrikam.com
  8. Enter a username and password with administrative rights on the Federation Service servers then click OK.
  9. You should get a success message that the deployment succeeded as shown in the following Figure.
  10. Before proceeding I recommend that you edit your hosts file on a server other than FABR-WAP01 to point sts.fabrikam.com to the IP address of FABR-WAP01 then verify that you are able to view the federation metadata by going to the following URL: https://sts.fabrikam.com/federationmetadata/2007-06/federationmetadata.xml. This will ensure the WAP is properly publishing the metadata before proceeding.

 

Deploy FABRIKAM's Second Web Application Proxy (WAP) Server

This section will deploy FABRIKAM's Second Web Application Proxy server to support a highly available configuration.

  1. Deploy a Windows Server 2012 R2 workgroup server and configure the IP addess, subnet mask, hostname, and DNS servers. For the purposes of this series the information will be as follows:
    1. Hostname: FABR-WAP02
    2. IP Address: 192.168.30.27
    3. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
    4. DNS Servers: 192.168.30.20
  2. Join the fabrikam.com domain
  3. After rebooting, log into the server using FABRIKAM domain credentials (i.e. FABRIKAM\Administrator)
  4. Add the WAP role to the server by typing the following command from an elevated PowerShell window:
    1. Add-WindowsFeature -Name Web-Application-Proxy -IncludeManagementTools
  5. Export the public and private key of the certificate that was requested for FABR-WAP01 and import the certificate to FABR-WAP02's personal computer store.
  6.  Get the certificate thumbprint of the WAP's certificate by typing the following commands:
    1. dir cert:localmachine/my
  7. Copy the cert thumbprint to Notepad or the clipboard then type the following command to connect the Web Application Proxy to the ADFS server:
    1. Install-WebApplicationProxy -CertificateThumbprint <thumbprint> -FederationServiceName sts.fabrikam.com
  8. Enter a username and password with administrative rights on the Federation Service servers then click OK.
  9. You should get a success message that the deployment succeeded as shown in the following Figure.
  10. Before proceeding I recommend that you edit your hosts file on a server other than the FABR-WAP02 to point sts.fabrikam.com to the IP address of FABR-WAP02 then verify that you are able to view the federation metadata by going to the following URL: https://sts.fabrikam.com/federationmetadata/2007-06/federationmetadata.xml. This will ensure the WAP is properly publishing the metadata before proceeding.

 

Install Windows NLB (OPTIONAL)

The following steps will make the WAP deployment a highly available service. Typically in a production environment, a 3rd party load balancer is used to provide this functionality. If you choose to skip the deployment of Windows NLB or a 3rd party load balancer ensure to change the external sts.fabrikam.com DNS A record IP address to point to either FABR-WAP01 or FABR-WAP02.

Deploy NLB to FABR-WAP01

  1. Log into FABR-WAP01 and open an elevated PowerShell window
  2.  Type the following commands to add NLB to FABR-WAP01 and to configure the port rules
    1. Add-WindowsFeature NLB,RSAT-NLB -IncludeManagementTools
    2. New-NlbCluster -Hostname FABR-WAP01 -Interface "Ethernet" -ClusterName WAPNLB -ClusterPrimaryIP 192.168.30.28 -SubnetMask 255.255.255.0 -OperationMode Multicast. Note: if you are unsure of the Inteface name or this command fails type Get-NetAdapter | fl name to get the interface name
    3. Get-NlbClusterPortRule | Remove-NlbClusterPortRule -Force
    4. Add-NlbClusterPortRule -StartPort 443 -EndPort 443 -IP 192.168.30.28 -Protocol Tcp -Affinity Single -Interface "Ethernet"
    5. Add-NlbClusterPortRule -StartPort 49443 -EndPort 49443 -IP 192.168.30.28 -Protocol Tcp -Affinity Single -Interface "Ethernet"
    6. Verify that the cluster is operational by typing the following command: Get-NlbCluster

Deploy NLB to FABR-WAP02

  1. Log into FABR-WAP02 and open an elevated PowerShell window
  2. Type the following commands to add NLB to FABR-WAP02
    1. Add-WindowsFeature NLB,RSAT-NLB -IncludeManagementTools
    2. Add-NlbClusterNode -NewNodeName FABR-WAP02 -NewNodeInterface "Ethernet" -Hostname FABR-WAP01 -Interface "Ethernet"
    3. Verify that the cluster is fully converged by typing the following command: Get-NlbCluster

Verify NLB and AD FS Federation Metadata

Verify NLB is fully configured by going to the start screen > type network load balancing manager then press enter. NLB should show that it is fully converged.

Verify AD FS by editing the hosts file of one of the servers to point sts.fabrikam.com to the NLB virtual IP address then by typing the following URL into a browser window: https://sts.fabrikam.com/FederationMetadata/2007-06/FederationMetadata.xml. The federation metadata should display.

If you chose to deploy NLB or a 3rd party loadbalancer, ensure both nodes work as intended before proceeding by drainstopping one of the nodes (Powershell: Stop-NlbClusterNode -Drain -Hostname FABR-WAP01 or FABR-WAP02). A common problem I have seen when dealing with clustering is that only one node works so users get intermittent errors that can be hard to troubleshoot since traffic occasionally hits the non-working node.

If your environment is virtual and your hypervisor host is Hyper-V and the NLB VIP is unreachable outside of the NLB cluster's VLAN or you encounter intermittent connectivity problems to the VIP then try enabling MAC spoofing for the VM as explained here. If your hypervisor is VMware, you may need a static mapped mac address entry to resolve the issue.

Wrap-Up

You now have two forests one named contoso.com and one named fabrikam.com along with the DNS records, certificate services, database services, CONTOSO's and FABRIKAM's SharePoint Foundation 2013 services, and CONTOSO's and FABRIKAM's Windows Server 2012 R2 AD FS services, and CONTOSO's and FABRIKAM's Web Application Proxy services.. In the upcoming parts,external DNS will be configured, a bi-directional AD FS trust will be established, and different login scenarios will be demonstrated.

Troubleshooting

  1. If the WAP's federation metadata does not display, ensure the WAP's service is started: Get-Service appproxy* | fl name,status
  2. If the WAP fails to connect to the ADFS servers, verify that the WAP can properly resolve the service name of the ADFS service running on the ADFS servers (i.e. sts.fabrikam.com)
  3. If the WAP is in a workgroup, ensure the WAP trusts the CA that signed the ADFS Service's Service Communications certificate.

Comments

  • Anonymous
    October 26, 2015
    Overview
    The purpose of this series is to walk you through step-by-step from start to finish setting
  • Anonymous
    October 27, 2015
    This is Part 7 of a multi-part series on how to deploy a complete end-to-end Federated Web SSO solution
  • Anonymous
    October 28, 2015
    This is Part 8 of a multi-part series on how to deploy a complete end-to-end Federated Web SSO solution
  • Anonymous
    October 28, 2015
    This is Part 9 of a multi-part series on how to deploy a complete end-to-end Federated Web SSO solution