Configuring the Minimal Server Interface

Article
05/09/2012

In our previous blog posting, we introduced the Minimal Server Interface. At the end, we noted that there are three particular Windows features (among others, of course) that can be installed on any server running Windows Server 2012:

Server Core – always installed and enabled; the baseline feature for all Windows Servers
Server Graphical Management Tools & Infrastructure – functionality for Minimal Server Interface
Server Graphical Shell – equivalent to Server with a GUI

We also promised to explain how to combine these features in order to minimize your server’s surface area while preserving just enough of the functionality you need; and indeed, that’s our topic today.
There are two ways to configure the Minimal Server Interface: either start with Server with a GUI and uninstall the Server Graphical Shell feature, or start with Server Core and install the Server Graphical Management Tools & Infrastructure feature.

What is affected when I uninstall the Server Graphical Shell?

In some cases, when you uninstall the Server Graphical Shell, Windows features that depend on Server Graphical Shell will also be uninstalled. In Server Manager, a pop-up dialog box will warn you about what will be uninstalled. Non-Windows features, such as third-party software and other Microsoft products that don’t ship as part of Windows Server 2012, are not affected by the Install-WindowsFeature and Uninstall-WindowsFeature cmdlets. If you aren’t sure what an installation or uninstallation action is going to affect, you can add the -WhatIf flag to see what will be installed or uninstalled along with your selection.

Uninstall-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Shell -WhatIf

Settings associated with uninstalled features are also removed in some cases. You should back up any settings associated with a feature before you uninstall that feature.

Installing Minimal Server Interface

Because the Minimal Server Interface is situated between the Server Core and Server with a GUI modes, you can either install features on Server Core or remove features from Server with a GUI to reach the Minimal Server Interface installation state.

Caveat: Features on Demand. When you start with a Server Core installation, the files needed to install graphical features aren't installed on the local disk. This is actually a feature called remotification which involves removing the binaries from the local disk while preserving metadata to allow the binaries to be securely reintroduced at a later date. When you try to install a GUI feature, the necessary files are downloaded from Windows Update using a feature called Features on Demand. An internet connection is required and several gigabytes of data will be downloaded. If you don’t want to download all this data, or if your server doesn’t have an internet connection, you can supply an alternate installation source on the command line or configure one via Group Policy. For more information, see the Using Windows Server “8” Installation Options document on technet.

To install Server Graphical Management Tools & Infrasturctureon Server Core:
1. Open PowerShell, then run the following command: Install-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra
2. Restart the server when prompted (or run Restart-Computer in PowerShell)

To remove Server Graphical Shellon Server with a GUI (either locally or remotely) using Windows PowerShell:
1. Open PowerShell, then run the following command: Uninstall-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Shell -WhatIf
2. You should see Collecting data... for a few moments, and then a listing of the installation summary will be displayed in the PowerShell window. This summary lists any other features that will also be uninstalled at this time.
```
 PS C:\> Uninstall-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Shell -WhatIf
What if: Checking if running in 'WhatIf' Mode.
What if: Performing uninstallation for "[User Interfaces and Infrastructure] Server Graphical Shell".
What if: This server may need to be restarted after the removal completes.
           
Success Restart Needed Exit Code      Feature Result
------- -------------- ---------      --------------
True    Maybe          Success        {Server Graphical Shell}
```
3. Restart the server when prompted (or run Restart-Computer in PowerShell)

You can also use the Server Manager GUI remotely to install or uninstall Windows features, including “User Interfaces and Infrastructure,” from a Windows 8 “client” PC or another Windows Server 2012 server that already has Server Manager installed. In other words, you can use Server Manager remotely to manage a server running in Server Core mode.

1. Open Server Manager, click Manage, then Remove Roles and Features.
2. On the Server Selection page, select the local server (and/or any servers you want to manage) and click Next.
3. On the Features page, expand User Interfaces and Infrastructure and uncheck Server Graphical Shell. Make sure that Graphical Management Tools and Infrastructure remains checked; unchecking that feature will uninstall Minimal Server Interface as well, resulting in a Server Core Installation.
4. At this point, Server Manager will warn you of the impending removal of any dependent features -- such as Desktop Experience -- that you didn't explicitly select to remove. If you don't see a warning, then no additional Windows features will be affected. Accept
5. Restart the server when prompted.

After you restart the server, Windows will be configured with the Minimal Server Interface. Here’s what it will looks like after you log in:

Server Manager in the Minimal Server Interface

Figure 1. The Minimal Server Interface after signing in

You’ll see Server Manager, which is a graphical tool you can use to manage the local server and other remote servers. Behind Server Manager (which starts maximized on most configurations) you’ll find a command prompt, which you can use to start other applications and management tools (such as “servermanager” if you close Server Manager, or even “powershell” to get a Windows PowerShell command line environment).

If you close everything, you’ll be left with a black screen. To get back to a command line environment or Server Manager, press CTRL+ALT+DEL and select Task Manager. From there, click More details, then File>Run New Task. Type the command you want to run (such as “cmd” to get your command prompt back) and click OK or press Enter.

Next Steps

Now that you have installed the Minimal Server Interface, you can use the command line to install software products (using msiexec or the product’s setup.exe), Windows features, and server roles. You can also use the local management tools provided by Server Manager. On the Tools menu, you’ll find quick shortcuts to most of your MMC snap-ins. Server Manager can also be used to manage other servers, including servers that don’t have Server Manager installed (such as those running in Server Core mode). You can “Add other servers to manage” and then right-click on servers in the list view to see what management options are available for that particular server. Here are some examples of things you can do:

Launch Disk Management to remotely configure hard disk partitions
Manage Remote Desktop scenarios and licensing (RDSH)
Configure Failover Clusters
Open MMC snap-ins
Open a remote PowerShell session

In some cases, you can even manage multiple servers simultaneously, from the same interface. Server Manager is a very powerful tool indeed. It is important to note, however, that all functionality exposed through Server Manager is also available via Windows PowerShell both locally and remotely.

It's also a great idea to start exploring PowerShell to experience the power and control that our new command line interfaces offer. You can manage this server remotely, too, from other Windows 8 PCs and servers. We'll be posting some general information on remote management in an upcoming post; for now, check out What needs to be configured to do remote disk management of a Server Core installation in Windows Server 2012 PowerShell at the Server and Cloud Partner and Customer Solutions Team Blog .

Conclusion

The Minimal Server Interface is designed to be a compatibility or transitional layer from a Server with GUI to Server Core. Although you benefit from reduced patching footprint and lower resource utilization in comparison to the full Server with a GUI installation option, the smallest surface area is achieved using Server Core. When you are unable to use Windows Server Core, the Minimal Server Interface provides the best of both worlds of Windows Server. It delivers comprehensive graphical management capabilities while reducing patching requirements and minimizing disk and memory footprint. Please try the Minimal Server Interface and let us know what you think!

Comments

Anonymous
January 01, 2003
Excellent, Windows Server 2012 new feature
Anonymous
January 01, 2003
There was no free edition of Server Core! You mean the Hyper-v Server 2008 R2, right?
Anonymous
January 01, 2003
@JDA - the explorer binaries are not present on Server Core in Windows Server 2012, which is why bginfo is not working. Our recommendation is to use the new remote management capabilities and try to minimize the amount that you TS/RDP into your servers.
Anonymous
January 01, 2003
Hyper-V Server is still available and is based on Server Core, however, the other roles (including Minimal Server Interface and Server with GUI) are not available on the free Hyper-V SKU.
Anonymous
January 01, 2003
@Anon, can you clarify what features are missing? You can remotely manage both Server Core and the free Hyper-V Server in Windows Server 2012.
Anonymous
July 03, 2012
Is the Server Core still free? Like the Windows 2008 Server core? When it is still free can i use it with the minimal graphical Interface?
Anonymous
September 06, 2012
Why are these features missing. They are not missing on the free version of ESXI server! If you want to compete then you'll need to make this feature available IMHO There are 3rd party managers that are free, so why not Microsoft's own .
Anonymous
September 17, 2012
Hyper-V Server 2012 (free, sorry not paid), there is no ability no enable the minimal server interface. This feature has been omitted. You are left to jump through hoops to enable Hyper-V Manager support, see HVRemote utility. Now, Microsoft should look at the competition, VmWare and provide a nice easy entry into management like their vSphere client. Just enable the minimal server interface in all versions.
Anonymous
October 18, 2012
VMWare has no GUI management client built into the host server itself. You still need to do the initial setup from the text console or during install.
Anonymous
October 25, 2012
BGInfo not working in Server 2012 Core & Minimal Works on Server 2012 full & 2008R2 Core. Iis it a bug or expected?
Anonymous
October 25, 2012
Why do you need BGInfo when you don't have desktop where to put infos ?
Anonymous
October 25, 2012
I agree there are very few reasons to log into a Core, but not on the Minimal, if so, why do you keep consoles there? Anyway BGInfo is extremely useful when you long into those, it can display you info and values and save you a few commands (time) to find them After further test, the RTM behavior is strange regardless to the background / wallpaper.

On Minimal and Core as say before the Wallpaper is not working (regression compare to 2008R2).
On core you can change the background color, but not on Minimal (even if it is supposed be have more “GUI”). Changing the color background is essential for us, to visually distinct environment for our admin (Red = production), (Blue = Staging), etc

Anonymous
September 10, 2013
Check this blog post which explains Windows 2012 Server Core configuration tasks; including IP configuration, Firewall, switch between modes (Core, MSI, Full UI) www.karafilis.net/configuring-windows-core

Lefteris Karafilis MCSE, MCTS, SEC+ LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/.../lkarafilis Mail: lefteris@karafilis.net Blog: http://www.karafilis.net

Anonymous
September 14, 2013
I have put together a compilation of tools to build a GUI for Hyper-V core. www.smartphoneswitchboard.com/startup.zip IF and ONLY IF you have a default setup of Hyper-V core! Installed using defaults and your primary drive is a C: then you can unzip this and run the setup.cmd if you have an unconventional install be sure to modify the "setup.cmd" script and the "winshellmenu.rc" files accordingly. It includes a desktop, CoreFig, Explorer++ and an install option for Firefox. Once you restart your server and log in you will have a desktop. Right click on the desktop for a "Start Like" menu.I make no warranties about the functionality of this software. I will tell you I am running this on my hyper-v core servers and have been for a few months with no issues.
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Anonymous
April 26, 2015
Just wanted to leave feedback on how I love the minimal server interface! Having Server Manager and Resource Monitor on my Hyper-V server at home has been extremely useful.
Anonymous
July 27, 2015
Hi
Voici un article de Christophe Guerre, PFE Active Directory, Azure et AD dans Azure.
Cet article
Anonymous
November 26, 2015
:) but this is useless when you download free version of core-only Server. You must have Windows 2010 standard and configure VM remote.
Anonymous
November 26, 2015
newest post at end of page...
Anonymous
April 12, 2016
Nice article,thanks for sharing
http://indguru.com/

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