Tutorial: Design an Azure Database for MariaDB using Azure CLI

Article
06/24/2022

Important

Azure Database for MariaDB is on the retirement path. We strongly recommend that you migrate to Azure Database for MySQL. For more information about migrating to Azure Database for MySQL, see What's happening to Azure Database for MariaDB?.

Azure Database for MariaDB is a relational database service in the Microsoft cloud based on MariaDB Community Edition database engine. In this tutorial, you use Azure CLI (command-line interface) and other utilities to learn how to:

Create an Azure Database for MariaDB
Configure the server firewall
Use mysql command-line tool to create a database
Load sample data
Query data
Update data
Restore data

If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free Azure account before you begin.

Prerequisites

Use the Bash environment in Azure Cloud Shell. For more information, see Quickstart for Bash in Azure Cloud Shell.
If you prefer to run CLI reference commands locally, install the Azure CLI. If you're running on Windows or macOS, consider running Azure CLI in a Docker container. For more information, see How to run the Azure CLI in a Docker container.
- If you're using a local installation, sign in to the Azure CLI by using the az login command. To finish the authentication process, follow the steps displayed in your terminal. For other sign-in options, see Sign in with the Azure CLI.
- When you're prompted, install the Azure CLI extension on first use. For more information about extensions, see Use extensions with the Azure CLI.
- Run az version to find the version and dependent libraries that are installed. To upgrade to the latest version, run az upgrade.

This article requires version 2.0 or later of the Azure CLI. If using Azure Cloud Shell, the latest version is already installed.

If you have multiple subscriptions, choose the appropriate subscription in which the resource exists or is billed for. Select a specific subscription ID under your account using az account set command.

az account set --subscription 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000

Create a resource group

Create an Azure resource group with az group create command. A resource group is a logical container into which Azure resources are deployed and managed as a group.

The following example creates a resource group named myresourcegroup in the westus location.

az group create --name myresourcegroup --location westus

Create an Azure Database for MariaDB server

Create an Azure Database for MariaDB server with the az mariadb server create command. A server can manage multiple databases. Typically, a separate database is used for each project or for each user.

The following example creates an Azure Database for MariaDB server located in westus in the resource group myresourcegroup with name mydemoserver. The server has an administrator log in named myadmin. It is a General Purpose, Gen 5 server with 2 vCores. Substitute the <server_admin_password> with your own value.

az mariadb server create --resource-group myresourcegroup --name mydemoserver --location westus --admin-user myadmin --admin-password <server_admin_password> --sku-name GP_Gen5_2 --version 10.2

The sku-name parameter value follows the convention {pricing tier}_{compute generation}_{vCores} as in the examples below:

--sku-name B_Gen5_4 maps to Basic, Gen 5, and 4 vCores.
--sku-name GP_Gen5_32 maps to General Purpose, Gen 5, and 32 vCores.
--sku-name MO_Gen5_2 maps to Memory Optimized, Gen 5, and 2 vCores.

Please see the pricing tiers documentation to understand the valid values per region and per tier.

Important

The server admin login and password that you specify here are required to log in to the server and its databases later in this quickstart. Remember or record this information for later use.

Configure firewall rule

Create an Azure Database for MariaDB server-level firewall rule with the az mariadb server firewall-rule create command. A server-level firewall rule allows an external application, such as mysql command-line tool or MySQL Workbench to connect to your server through the Azure MariaDB service firewall.

The following example creates a firewall rule called AllowMyIP that allows connections from a specific IP address, 192.168.0.1. Substitute in the IP address or range of IP addresses that correspond to where you'll be connecting from.

az mariadb server firewall-rule create --resource-group myresourcegroup --server mydemoserver --name AllowMyIP --start-ip-address 192.168.0.1 --end-ip-address 192.168.0.1

Get the connection information

To connect to your server, you need to provide host information and access credentials.

az mariadb server show --resource-group myresourcegroup --name mydemoserver

The result is in JSON format. Make a note of the fullyQualifiedDomainName and administratorLogin.

{
  "administratorLogin": "myadmin",
  "administratorLoginPassword": null,
  "fullyQualifiedDomainName": "mydemoserver.mariadb.database.azure.com",
  "id": "/subscriptions/aaaa0a0a-bb1b-cc2c-dd3d-eeeeee4e4e4e/resourceGroups/myresourcegroup/providers/Microsoft.DBforMariaDB/servers/mydemoserver",
  "location": "westus",
  "name": "mydemoserver",
  "resourceGroup": "myresourcegroup",
"sku": {
    "capacity": 2,
    "family": "Gen5",
    "name": "GP_Gen5_2",
    "size": null,
    "tier": "GeneralPurpose"
  },
  "sslEnforcement": "Enabled",
  "storageProfile": {
    "backupRetentionDays": 7,
    "geoRedundantBackup": "Disabled",
    "storageMb": 5120
  },
  "tags": null,
  "type": "Microsoft.DBforMariaDB/servers",
  "userVisibleState": "Ready",
  "version": "10.2"
}

Connect to the server using mysql

Use the mysql command-line tool to establish a connection to your Azure Database for MariaDB server. In this example, the command is:

mysql -h mydemoserver.database.windows.net -u myadmin@mydemoserver -p

Create a blank database

Once you're connected to the server, create a blank database.

mysql> CREATE DATABASE mysampledb;

At the prompt, run the following command to switch the connection to this newly created database:

mysql> USE mysampledb;

Create tables in the database

Now that you know how to connect to the Azure Database for MariaDB database, complete some basic tasks.

First, create a table and load it with some data. Let's create a table that stores inventory information.

CREATE TABLE inventory (
    id serial PRIMARY KEY, 
    name VARCHAR(50), 
    quantity INTEGER
);

Load data into the tables

Now that you have a table, insert some data into it. At the open command prompt window, run the following query to insert some rows of data.

INSERT INTO inventory (id, name, quantity) VALUES (1, 'banana', 150); 
INSERT INTO inventory (id, name, quantity) VALUES (2, 'orange', 154);

Now you have two rows of sample data into the table you created earlier.

Query and update the data in the tables

Execute the following query to retrieve information from the database table.

SELECT * FROM inventory;

You can also update the data in the tables.

UPDATE inventory SET quantity = 200 WHERE name = 'banana';

The row gets updated accordingly when you retrieve data.

SELECT * FROM inventory;

Restore a database to a previous point in time

Imagine you have accidentally deleted this table. This is something you cannot easily recover from. Azure Database for MariaDB allows you to go back to any point in time in the last up to 35 days and restore this point in time to a new server. You can use this new server to recover your deleted data. The following steps restore the sample server to a point before the table was added.

For the restore, you need the following information:

Restore point: Select a point-in-time that occurs before the server was changed. Must be greater than or equal to the source database's Oldest backup value.
Target server: Provide a new server name you want to restore to
Source server: Provide the name of the server you want to restore from
Location: You cannot select the region, by default it is same as the source server

az mariadb server restore --resource-group myresourcegroup --name mydemoserver-restored --restore-point-in-time "2017-05-4 03:10" --source-server-name mydemoserver

The az mariadb server restore command needs the following parameters:

Setting	Suggested value	Description
resource-group	myresourcegroup	The resource group in which the source server exists.
name	mydemoserver-restored	The name of the new server that is created by the restore command.
restore-point-in-time	2017-04-13T13:59:00Z	Select a point-in-time to restore to. This date and time must be within the source server's backup retention period. Use ISO8601 date and time format. For example, you may use your own local timezone, such as `2017-04-13T05:59:00-08:00`, or use UTC Zulu format `2017-04-13T13:59:00Z`.
source-server	mydemoserver	The name or ID of the source server to restore from.

Restoring a server to a point-in-time creates a new server, copied as the original server as of the point in time you specify. The location and pricing tier values for the restored server are the same as the source server.

The command is synchronous, and will return after the server is restored. Once the restore finishes, locate the new server that was created. Verify the data was restored as expected.

Next steps

In this tutorial you learned to:

Create an Azure Database for MariaDB server
Configure the server firewall
Use mysql command-line tool to create a database
Load sample data
Query data
Update data
Restore data

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