list::back
Returns a reference to the last element of a list.
reference back( );
const_reference back( ) const;
Return Value
The last element of the list. If the list is empty, the return value is undefined.
Remarks
If the return value of back is assigned to a const_reference, the list object cannot be modified. If the return value of back is assigned to a reference, the list object can be modified.
When compiling with _SECURE_SCL 1, a runtime error will occur if you attempt to access an element in an empty list. See Checked Iterators for more information.
Example
// list_back.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <list>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
list <int> c1;
c1.push_back( 10 );
c1.push_back( 11 );
int& i = c1.back( );
const int& ii = c1.front( );
cout << "The last integer of c1 is " << i << endl;
i--;
cout << "The next-to-last integer of c1 is " << ii << endl;
}
Output
The last integer of c1 is 11
The next-to-last integer of c1 is 10
Requirements
Header: <list>
Namespace: std