Comment : lier des données au contrôle DataGridView Windows Forms

Article
08/10/2011

Le contrôle DataGridView prend en charge le modèle de liaison de données Windows Forms standard ; il peut donc créer une liaison avec diverses sources de données. Dans la plupart des cas, toutefois, vous créerez une liaison avec un composant BindingSource qui gérera les détails de l'interaction avec la source de données. Le composant BindingSource peut représenter toute source de données Windows Forms et vous offrir une grande souplesse lors du choix ou de la modification de l'emplacement de vos données. Pour plus d'informations sur les sources de données prises en charge par le contrôle DataGridView, consultez Vue d'ensemble du contrôle DataGridView (Windows Forms).

Il existe une prise en charge étendue pour cette tâche dans Visual Studio. Pour plus d'informations, consultez Comment : lier des données au contrôle DataGridView Windows Forms à l'aide du concepteur et Comment : lier des données au contrôle DataGridView Windows Forms à l'aide du concepteur et Comment : lier des données au contrôle DataGridView Windows Forms à l'aide du concepteur et Comment : lier des données au contrôle DataGridView Windows Forms à l'aide du concepteur.

Procédure

Pour connecter un contrôle DataGridView aux données

Implémentez une méthode pour gérer les détails de récupération des données d'une base de données. L'exemple de code suivant implémente une méthode GetData qui initialise un composant SqlDataAdapter et l'utilise pour remplir un DataTable. DataTable est ensuite associé au composant BindingSource. Veillez à définir la variable connectionString à une valeur qui est appropriée pour votre base de données. Vous devrez accéder à un serveur sur lequel est installé l'exemple de base de données SQL Server Northwind.

Private Sub GetData(ByVal selectCommand As String)

    Try
        ' Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
        ' valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
        ' database accessible to your system.
        Dim connectionString As String = _
            "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" + _
            "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost"

        ' Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
        Me.dataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString)

        ' Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
        ' delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
        ' update the database.
        Dim commandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(Me.dataAdapter)

        ' Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
        Dim table As New DataTable()
        table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture
        Me.dataAdapter.Fill(table)
        Me.bindingSource1.DataSource = table

        ' Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
        Me.dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( _
            DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader)
    Catch ex As SqlException
        MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " + _
            "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " + _
            "valid for your system.")
    End Try

End Sub

private void GetData(string selectCommand)
{
    try
    {
        // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
        // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
        // database accessible to your system.
        String connectionString =
            "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
            "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

        // Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
        dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

        // Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
        // delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
        // update the database.
        SqlCommandBuilder commandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

        // Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
        DataTable table = new DataTable();
        table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
        dataAdapter.Fill(table);
        bindingSource1.DataSource = table;

        // Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
        dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( 
            DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader);
    }
    catch (SqlException)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
            "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
            "valid for your system.");
    }
}

private:
    void GetData(String^ selectCommand)
    {
        try
        {
            // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
            // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            // database accessible to your system.
            String^ connectionString = 
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

            // Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
            dataAdapter = gcnew SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

            // Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
            // delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
            // update the database.
            gcnew SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

            // Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
            DataTable^ table = gcnew DataTable();
            dataAdapter->Fill(table);
            bindingSource1->DataSource = table;

            // Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
            dataGridView1->AutoResizeColumns( 
                DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode::AllCellsExceptHeader);
        }
        catch (SqlException^)
        {
            MessageBox::Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
                "valid for your system.");
        }
    }

Dans le gestionnaire d'événements Load de votre formulaire, liez le contrôle DataGridView au composant BindingSource et appelez la méthode GetData pour récupérer les données de la base de données.

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles Me.Load

    ' Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
    ' and load the data from the database.
    Me.dataGridView1.DataSource = Me.bindingSource1
    GetData("select * from Customers")

End Sub

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    // Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
    // and load the data from the database.
    dataGridView1.DataSource = bindingSource1;
    GetData("select * from Customers");
}

void Form1_Load(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
{
    // Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
    // and load the data from the database.
    dataGridView1->DataSource = bindingSource1;
    GetData("select * from Customers");
}

Exemple

L'exemple de code complet suivant fournit des boutons pour recharger des données de la base de données et soumettre des modifications à la base de données.

Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Private dataGridView1 As New DataGridView()
    Private bindingSource1 As New BindingSource()
    Private dataAdapter As New SqlDataAdapter()
    Private WithEvents reloadButton As New Button()
    Private WithEvents submitButton As New Button()

    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

    ' Initialize the form.
    Public Sub New()

        Me.dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill

        Me.reloadButton.Text = "reload"
        Me.submitButton.Text = "submit"

        Dim panel As New FlowLayoutPanel()
        panel.Dock = DockStyle.Top
        panel.AutoSize = True
        panel.Controls.AddRange(New Control() {Me.reloadButton, Me.submitButton})

        Me.Controls.AddRange(New Control() {Me.dataGridView1, panel})
        Me.Text = "DataGridView databinding and updating demo"

    End Sub

    Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
        Handles Me.Load

        ' Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
        ' and load the data from the database.
        Me.dataGridView1.DataSource = Me.bindingSource1
        GetData("select * from Customers")

    End Sub

    Private Sub reloadButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
        Handles reloadButton.Click

        ' Reload the data from the database.
        GetData(Me.dataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText)

    End Sub

    Private Sub submitButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
        Handles submitButton.Click

        ' Update the database with the user's changes.
        Me.dataAdapter.Update(CType(Me.bindingSource1.DataSource, DataTable))

    End Sub

    Private Sub GetData(ByVal selectCommand As String)

        Try
            ' Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
            ' valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            ' database accessible to your system.
            Dim connectionString As String = _
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" + _
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost"

            ' Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
            Me.dataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString)

            ' Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
            ' delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
            ' update the database.
            Dim commandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(Me.dataAdapter)

            ' Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
            Dim table As New DataTable()
            table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture
            Me.dataAdapter.Fill(table)
            Me.bindingSource1.DataSource = table

            ' Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
            Me.dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( _
                DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader)
        Catch ex As SqlException
            MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " + _
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " + _
                "valid for your system.")
        End Try

    End Sub

End Class

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    private DataGridView dataGridView1 = new DataGridView();
    private BindingSource bindingSource1 = new BindingSource();
    private SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter();
    private Button reloadButton = new Button();
    private Button submitButton = new Button();

    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    public static void Main()
    {
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    // Initialize the form.
    public Form1()
    {
        dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

        reloadButton.Text = "reload";
        submitButton.Text = "submit";
        reloadButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(reloadButton_Click);
        submitButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(submitButton_Click);

        FlowLayoutPanel panel = new FlowLayoutPanel();
        panel.Dock = DockStyle.Top;
        panel.AutoSize = true;
        panel.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { reloadButton, submitButton });

        this.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { dataGridView1, panel });
        this.Load += new System.EventHandler(Form1_Load);
        this.Text = "DataGridView databinding and updating demo";
    }

    private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
        // and load the data from the database.
        dataGridView1.DataSource = bindingSource1;
        GetData("select * from Customers");
    }

    private void reloadButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Reload the data from the database.
        GetData(dataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText);
    }

    private void submitButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Update the database with the user's changes.
        dataAdapter.Update((DataTable)bindingSource1.DataSource);
    }

    private void GetData(string selectCommand)
    {
        try
        {
            // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
            // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            // database accessible to your system.
            String connectionString =
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

            // Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
            dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

            // Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
            // delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
            // update the database.
            SqlCommandBuilder commandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

            // Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
            DataTable table = new DataTable();
            table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
            dataAdapter.Fill(table);
            bindingSource1.DataSource = table;

            // Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
            dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( 
                DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader);
        }
        catch (SqlException)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
                "valid for your system.");
        }
    }

}

#using <System.Data.dll>
#using <System.Transactions.dll>
#using <System.EnterpriseServices.dll>
#using <System.Xml.dll>
#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Data;
using namespace System::Data::SqlClient;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

public ref class Form1 : public System::Windows::Forms::Form
{
private:
    DataGridView^ dataGridView1;
private:
    BindingSource^ bindingSource1;
private:
    SqlDataAdapter^ dataAdapter;
private:
    Button^ reloadButton;
private:
    Button^ submitButton;

public:
    static void Main()
    {
        Application::Run(gcnew Form1());
    }

    // Initialize the form.
public:
    Form1()
    {
        dataGridView1 = gcnew DataGridView();
        bindingSource1 = gcnew BindingSource();
        dataAdapter = gcnew SqlDataAdapter();
        reloadButton = gcnew Button();
        submitButton = gcnew Button();

        dataGridView1->Dock = DockStyle::Fill;

        reloadButton->Text = "reload";
        submitButton->Text = "submit";
        reloadButton->Click += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::reloadButton_Click);
        submitButton->Click += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::submitButton_Click);

        FlowLayoutPanel^ panel = gcnew FlowLayoutPanel();
        panel->Dock = DockStyle::Top;
        panel->AutoSize = true;
        panel->Controls->AddRange(gcnew array<Control^> { reloadButton, submitButton });

        this->Controls->AddRange(gcnew array<Control^> { dataGridView1, panel });
        this->Load += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::Form1_Load);
    }

    void Form1_Load(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
    {
        // Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
        // and load the data from the database.
        dataGridView1->DataSource = bindingSource1;
        GetData("select * from Customers");
    }

    void reloadButton_Click(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
    {
        // Reload the data from the database.
        GetData(dataAdapter->SelectCommand->CommandText);
    }

    void submitButton_Click(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
    {
        // Update the database with the user's changes.
        dataAdapter->Update((DataTable^)bindingSource1->DataSource);
    }

private:
    void GetData(String^ selectCommand)
    {
        try
        {
            // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
            // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            // database accessible to your system.
            String^ connectionString = 
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

            // Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
            dataAdapter = gcnew SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

            // Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
            // delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
            // update the database.
            gcnew SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

            // Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
            DataTable^ table = gcnew DataTable();
            dataAdapter->Fill(table);
            bindingSource1->DataSource = table;

            // Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
            dataGridView1->AutoResizeColumns( 
                DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode::AllCellsExceptHeader);
        }
        catch (SqlException^)
        {
            MessageBox::Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
                "valid for your system.");
        }
    }
};

Compilation du code

Cet exemple nécessite les éléments suivants :

Références aux assemblys System, System.Windows.Forms, System.Data et System.XML.

Pour plus d'informations sur la génération de cet exemple à partir de la ligne de commande pour Visual Basic ou Visual C#, consultez Génération à partir de la ligne de commande (Visual Basic) ou Génération à partir de la ligne de commande avec csc.exe. Vous pouvez aussi générer cet exemple dans Visual Studio en collant le code dans un nouveau projet. Pour plus d'informations, consultez Comment : compiler et exécuter un exemple complet de code Windows Forms à l'aide de Visual Studio et Comment : compiler et exécuter un exemple complet de code Windows Forms à l'aide de Visual Studio et Comment : compiler et exécuter un exemple complet de code Windows Forms à l'aide de Visual Studio et Comment : compiler et exécuter un exemple complet de code Windows Forms à l'aide de Visual Studio et Comment : compiler et exécuter un exemple complet de code Windows Forms à l'aide de Visual Studio.

Sécurité

Le stockage d'informations sensibles, par exemple, un mot de passe, dans la chaîne de connexion peut affecter la sécurité de votre application. L'utilisation de l'authentification Windows (également appelée sécurité intégrée) offre un moyen plus sûr de contrôler l'accès à une base de données. Pour plus d'informations, consultez Protection des informations de connexion (ADO.NET).

Voir aussi

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Comment : lier des données au contrôle DataGridView Windows Forms

Procédure

Pour connecter un contrôle DataGridView aux données

Exemple

Compilation du code

Sécurité

Voir aussi

Référence

Concepts

Autres ressources

Ressources supplémentaires