Ouverture d’un fichier pour la lecture ou l’écriture
La fonction CreateFile peut créer un fichier ou ouvrir un fichier existant. Vous devez spécifier le nom du fichier, les instructions de création et d’autres attributs. Lorsqu’une application crée un fichier, le système d’exploitation l’ajoute au répertoire spécifié.
Exemple : Ouvrir un fichier pour l’écriture
L’exemple suivant utilise CreateFile pour créer un fichier et l’ouvrir pour l’écriture et WriteFile pour écrire une chaîne simple de manière synchrone dans le fichier.
Un appel suivant pour ouvrir ce fichier avec CreateFile échouera jusqu’à ce que le handle soit fermé.
#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
void DisplayError(LPTSTR lpszFunction);
int __cdecl _tmain(int argc, TCHAR *argv[])
{
HANDLE hFile;
char DataBuffer[] = "This is some test data to write to the file.";
DWORD dwBytesToWrite = (DWORD)strlen(DataBuffer);
DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
BOOL bErrorFlag = FALSE;
printf("\n");
if( argc != 2 )
{
printf("Usage Error:\tIncorrect number of arguments\n\n");
_tprintf(TEXT("%s <file_name>\n"), argv[0]);
return;
}
hFile = CreateFile(argv[1], // name of the write
GENERIC_WRITE, // open for writing
0, // do not share
NULL, // default security
CREATE_NEW, // create new file only
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, // normal file
NULL); // no attr. template
if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
DisplayError(TEXT("CreateFile"));
_tprintf(TEXT("Terminal failure: Unable to open file \"%s\" for write.\n"), argv[1]);
return;
}
_tprintf(TEXT("Writing %d bytes to %s.\n"), dwBytesToWrite, argv[1]);
bErrorFlag = WriteFile(
hFile, // open file handle
DataBuffer, // start of data to write
dwBytesToWrite, // number of bytes to write
&dwBytesWritten, // number of bytes that were written
NULL); // no overlapped structure
if (FALSE == bErrorFlag)
{
DisplayError(TEXT("WriteFile"));
printf("Terminal failure: Unable to write to file.\n");
}
else
{
if (dwBytesWritten != dwBytesToWrite)
{
// This is an error because a synchronous write that results in
// success (WriteFile returns TRUE) should write all data as
// requested. This would not necessarily be the case for
// asynchronous writes.
printf("Error: dwBytesWritten != dwBytesToWrite\n");
}
else
{
_tprintf(TEXT("Wrote %d bytes to %s successfully.\n"), dwBytesWritten, argv[1]);
}
}
CloseHandle(hFile);
}
void DisplayError(LPTSTR lpszFunction)
// Routine Description:
// Retrieve and output the system error message for the last-error code
{
LPVOID lpMsgBuf;
LPVOID lpDisplayBuf;
DWORD dw = GetLastError();
FormatMessage(
FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
NULL,
dw,
MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
(LPTSTR) &lpMsgBuf,
0,
NULL );
lpDisplayBuf =
(LPVOID)LocalAlloc( LMEM_ZEROINIT,
( lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpMsgBuf)
+ lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpszFunction)
+ 40) // account for format string
* sizeof(TCHAR) );
if (FAILED( StringCchPrintf((LPTSTR)lpDisplayBuf,
LocalSize(lpDisplayBuf) / sizeof(TCHAR),
TEXT("%s failed with error code %d as follows:\n%s"),
lpszFunction,
dw,
lpMsgBuf)))
{
printf("FATAL ERROR: Unable to output error code.\n");
}
_tprintf(TEXT("ERROR: %s\n"), (LPCTSTR)lpDisplayBuf);
LocalFree(lpMsgBuf);
LocalFree(lpDisplayBuf);
}
Exemple : Ouvrir un fichier pour la lecture
L’exemple suivant utilise CreateFile pour ouvrir un fichier existant pour la lecture et ReadFile pour lire jusqu’à 80 caractères de manière synchrone à partir du fichier.
Dans ce cas, CreateFile réussit uniquement si le fichier spécifié existe déjà dans le répertoire actif. Un appel suivant pour ouvrir ce fichier avec CreateFile réussit si l’appel utilise les mêmes modes d’accès et de partage.
Conseil : vous pouvez utiliser le fichier que vous avez créé avec l’exemple WriteFile précédent pour tester cet exemple.
#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
#define BUFFERSIZE 5
DWORD g_BytesTransferred = 0;
void DisplayError(LPTSTR lpszFunction);
VOID CALLBACK FileIOCompletionRoutine(
__in DWORD dwErrorCode,
__in DWORD dwNumberOfBytesTransfered,
__in LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
);
VOID CALLBACK FileIOCompletionRoutine(
__in DWORD dwErrorCode,
__in DWORD dwNumberOfBytesTransfered,
__in LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped )
{
_tprintf(TEXT("Error code:\t%x\n"), dwErrorCode);
_tprintf(TEXT("Number of bytes:\t%x\n"), dwNumberOfBytesTransfered);
g_BytesTransferred = dwNumberOfBytesTransfered;
}
//
// Note: this simplified sample assumes the file to read is an ANSI text file
// only for the purposes of output to the screen. CreateFile and ReadFile
// do not use parameters to differentiate between text and binary file types.
//
int __cdecl _tmain(int argc, TCHAR *argv[])
{
HANDLE hFile;
DWORD dwBytesRead = 0;
char ReadBuffer[BUFFERSIZE] = {0};
OVERLAPPED ol = {0};
printf("\n");
if( argc != 2 )
{
printf("Usage Error: Incorrect number of arguments\n\n");
_tprintf(TEXT("Usage:\n\t%s <text_file_name>\n"), argv[0]);
return;
}
hFile = CreateFile(argv[1], // file to open
GENERIC_READ, // open for reading
FILE_SHARE_READ, // share for reading
NULL, // default security
OPEN_EXISTING, // existing file only
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, // normal file
NULL); // no attr. template
if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
DisplayError(TEXT("CreateFile"));
_tprintf(TEXT("Terminal failure: unable to open file \"%s\" for read.\n"), argv[1]);
return;
}
// Read one character less than the buffer size to save room for
// the terminating NULL character.
if( FALSE == ReadFileEx(hFile, ReadBuffer, BUFFERSIZE-1, &ol, FileIOCompletionRoutine) )
{
DisplayError(TEXT("ReadFile"));
printf("Terminal failure: Unable to read from file.\n GetLastError=%08x\n", GetLastError());
CloseHandle(hFile);
return;
}
SleepEx(5000, TRUE);
dwBytesRead = g_BytesTransferred;
// This is the section of code that assumes the file is ANSI text.
// Modify this block for other data types if needed.
if (dwBytesRead > 0 && dwBytesRead <= BUFFERSIZE-1)
{
ReadBuffer[dwBytesRead]='\0'; // NULL character
_tprintf(TEXT("Data read from %s (%d bytes): \n"), argv[1], dwBytesRead);
printf("%s\n", ReadBuffer);
}
else if (dwBytesRead == 0)
{
_tprintf(TEXT("No data read from file %s\n"), argv[1]);
}
else
{
printf("\n ** Unexpected value for dwBytesRead ** \n");
}
// It is always good practice to close the open file handles even though
// the app will exit here and clean up open handles anyway.
CloseHandle(hFile);
}
void DisplayError(LPTSTR lpszFunction)
// Routine Description:
// Retrieve and output the system error message for the last-error code
{
LPVOID lpMsgBuf;
LPVOID lpDisplayBuf;
DWORD dw = GetLastError();
FormatMessage(
FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
NULL,
dw,
MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
(LPTSTR) &lpMsgBuf,
0,
NULL );
lpDisplayBuf =
(LPVOID)LocalAlloc( LMEM_ZEROINIT,
( lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpMsgBuf)
+ lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpszFunction)
+ 40) // account for format string
* sizeof(TCHAR) );
if (FAILED( StringCchPrintf((LPTSTR)lpDisplayBuf,
LocalSize(lpDisplayBuf) / sizeof(TCHAR),
TEXT("%s failed with error code %d as follows:\n%s"),
lpszFunction,
dw,
lpMsgBuf)))
{
printf("FATAL ERROR: Unable to output error code.\n");
}
_tprintf(TEXT("ERROR: %s\n"), (LPCTSTR)lpDisplayBuf);
LocalFree(lpMsgBuf);
LocalFree(lpDisplayBuf);
}
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