Define an OAuth2 custom error technical profile in an Azure Active Directory B2C custom policy

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06/07/2024

This article describes how to handle an OAuth2 custom error with Azure Active Directory B2C (Azure AD B2C). Use this technical profile if something logic goes wrong within your policy. The technical profile returns error to your OAuth2 or OpenId Connect relying party application. Check out the Live demo of the OAuth2 custom error technical profile.

To handle custom OAuth2 error message:

Define an OAuth2 error technical profile.
Set the error code, and error message claims.
From the user journey, call the OAuth2 error technical profile.

OAuth2 error

The error is return with the following data:

error - access_denied
error_description - The error message using the convention AAD_Custom_<errorCode>: <errorMessage>.
Correlation ID - The Azure AD B2C correlation ID.
Timestamp - The timestamp of the error.

The following example demonstrates a custom error message return to the https://jwt.ms app:

https://jwt.ms/#error=access_denied&error_description=AAD_Custom_1234%3a+My+custom+error+message%0d%0aCorrelation+ID%3a+233bf9bd-747a-4800-9062-6236f3f69a47%0d%0aTimestamp%3a+2021-03-25+14%3a01%3a23Z%0d%0a

Protocol

The Name attribute of the Protocol element needs to be set to OAuth2. Set the OutputTokenFormat element to OAuth2Error.

The following example shows a technical profile for ReturnOAuth2Error:

<!--
 <ClaimsProviders> -->
  <ClaimsProvider>
    <DisplayName>Token Issuer</DisplayName>
    <TechnicalProfiles>
      <TechnicalProfile Id="ReturnOAuth2Error">
        <DisplayName>Return OAuth2 error</DisplayName>
        <Protocol Name="OAuth2" />
        <OutputTokenFormat>OAuth2Error</OutputTokenFormat>
        <CryptographicKeys>
          <Key Id="issuer_secret" StorageReferenceId="B2C_1A_TokenSigningKeyContainer" />
        </CryptographicKeys>
        <InputClaims>
          <InputClaim ClaimTypeReferenceId="errorCode" />
          <InputClaim ClaimTypeReferenceId="errorMessage" />
        </InputClaims>
      </TechnicalProfile>
    </TechnicalProfiles>
  </ClaimsProvider>
<!--
</ClaimsProviders> -->

Define claims transformation to generate custom values of error code and error message

Use these steps to generate custom values of error code and error message:

Locate the ClaimsTransformations element, then add the following code inside it

<!--
 <ClaimsTransformations> -->
<ClaimsTransformation Id="GenerateErrorCode" TransformationMethod="CreateStringClaim">
        <InputParameters>
          <InputParameter Id="value" DataType="string" Value="Error_001" />
        </InputParameters>
        <OutputClaims>
          <OutputClaim ClaimTypeReferenceId="errorCode" TransformationClaimType="createdClaim" />
        </OutputClaims>
      </ClaimsTransformation>
      <ClaimsTransformation Id="GenerateErrorMessage" TransformationMethod="CreateStringClaim">
        <InputParameters>
          <InputParameter Id="value" DataType="string" Value="Insert error description." />
        </InputParameters>
        <OutputClaims>
          <OutputClaim ClaimTypeReferenceId="errorMessage" TransformationClaimType="createdClaim" />
        </OutputClaims>
      </ClaimsTransformation>
<!--
</ClaimsTransformations> -->

Add the two claims transformations in the OutputClaimsTransformations element of any technical profile before Oauth2 technical that you define:

    <OutputClaimsTransformations>
      <OutputClaimsTransformation ReferenceId="generateErrorCode" />
      <OutputClaimsTransformation ReferenceId="generateErrorMessage" />
    </OutputClaimsTransformations>

Input claims

The InputClaims element contains a list of claims required to return OAuth2 error.

ClaimReferenceId	Required	Description
errorCode	Yes	The error code.
errorMessage	Yes	The error message.

Cryptographic keys

The CryptographicKeys element contains the following key:

Attribute	Required	Description
issuer_secret	Yes	An X509 certificate (RSA key set). Use the `B2C_1A_TokenSigningKeyContainer` key you configure in Get started with custom policies.

Invoke the technical profile

You can call the OAuth2 error technical profile from a user journey, or sub journey (type of transfer). Set the orchestration step type to SendClaims with a reference to your OAuth2 error technical profile.

If your user journey or sub journey already has another SendClaims orchestration step, set the DefaultCpimIssuerTechnicalProfileReferenceId attribute to the token issuer technical profile.

In the following example:

The user journey SignUpOrSignIn-Custom sets the DefaultCpimIssuerTechnicalProfileReferenceId to the token issuer technical profile JwtIssuer.
The eighth orchestration step checks whether the errorCode exists. If yes, call the ReturnOAuth2Error technical profile to return the error.
If errorCode doesn't exist, the ninth orchestration step issues the token.

<UserJourney Id="SignUpOrSignIn-Custom" DefaultCpimIssuerTechnicalProfileReferenceId="JwtIssuer">
  <OrchestrationSteps>
    ...
    <OrchestrationStep Order="8" Type="SendClaims" CpimIssuerTechnicalProfileReferenceId="ReturnOAuth2Error">
      <Preconditions>
        <Precondition Type="ClaimsExist" ExecuteActionsIf="false">
          <Value>errorCode</Value>
          <Action>SkipThisOrchestrationStep</Action>
        </Precondition>
      </Preconditions>
    </OrchestrationStep>

    <OrchestrationStep Order="9" Type="SendClaims" CpimIssuerTechnicalProfileReferenceId="JwtIssuer" />

  </OrchestrationSteps>
  <ClientDefinition ReferenceId="DefaultWeb" />
</UserJourney>

Optionally, you can use preconditions to manipulate the Oauth2 error technical profile. For example, if there is no email claim, you can set to call Oauth2 error technical profile:

<OrchestrationStep Order="3" Type="SendClaims" CpimIssuerTechnicalProfileReferenceId="ReturnOAuth2Error">
      <Preconditions>
        <Precondition Type="ClaimsExist" ExecuteActionsIf="false">
          <Value>email</Value>
          <Action>SkipThisOrchestrationStep</Action>
        </Precondition>
      </Preconditions>
    </OrchestrationStep>

Next steps

Learn about UserJourneys

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