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Configure OpenSSL for Linux

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With the Speech SDK, OpenSSL is dynamically configured to the host-system version.

Note

This article is only applicable where the Speech SDK is supported on Linux.

To ensure connectivity, verify that OpenSSL certificates are installed in your system. Run a command:

openssl version -d

The output on Ubuntu/Debian based systems should be:

OPENSSLDIR: "/usr/lib/ssl"

Check whether there's a certs subdirectory under OPENSSLDIR. In the previous example, it would be /usr/lib/ssl/certs.

  • If the /usr/lib/ssl/certs exists, and if it contains many individual certificate files (with .crt or .pem extension), there's no need for further actions.

  • If OPENSSLDIR is something other than /usr/lib/ssl or there's a single certificate bundle file instead of multiple individual files, you need to set an appropriate SSL environment variable to indicate where the certificates can be found.

Examples

Here are some example environment variables to configure per OpenSSL directory.

  • OPENSSLDIR is /opt/ssl. There's a certs subdirectory with many .crt or .pem files. Set the environment variable SSL_CERT_DIR to point at /opt/ssl/certs before using the Speech SDK. For example:
export SSL_CERT_DIR=/opt/ssl/certs
  • OPENSSLDIR is /etc/pki/tls (like on RHEL based systems). There's a certs subdirectory with a certificate bundle file, for example ca-bundle.crt. Set the environment variable SSL_CERT_FILE to point at that file before using the Speech SDK. For example:
export SSL_CERT_FILE=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Certificate revocation checks

When the Speech SDK connects to the Speech service, it checks the Transport Layer Security (TLS/SSL) certificate. The Speech SDK verifies that the certificate reported by the remote endpoint is trusted and isn't revoked. This verification provides a layer of protection against attacks involving spoofing and other related vectors. The check is accomplished by retrieving a certificate revocation list (CRL) from a certificate authority (CA) used by Azure. A list of Azure CA download locations for updated TLS CRLs can be found in this document.

If a destination posing as the Speech service reports a revoked certificate in a retrieved CRL, the SDK terminates the connection and reports an error via a Canceled event. The authenticity of a reported certificate can't be checked without an updated CRL. Therefore, the Speech SDK also treats a failure to download a CRL from an Azure CA location as an error.

Warning

If your solution uses proxy or firewall it should be configured to allow access to all certificate revocation list URLs used by Azure. Note that many of these URLs are outside of microsoft.com domain, so allowing access to *.microsoft.com is not enough. See this document for details. In exceptional cases you may ignore CRL failures (see the correspondent section), but such configuration is strongly not recommended, especially for production scenarios.

Large CRL files (>10 MB)

One cause of CRL-related failures is the use of large CRL files. This class of error is typically only applicable to special environments with extended CA chains. Standard public endpoints shouldn't encounter this class of issue.

The default maximum CRL size used by the Speech SDK (10 MB) can be adjusted per config object. The property key for this adjustment is CONFIG_MAX_CRL_SIZE_KB and the value, specified as a string, is by default "10000" (10 MB). For example, when creating a SpeechRecognizer object (that manages a connection to the Speech service), you can set this property in its SpeechConfig. In the following code snippet, the configuration is adjusted to permit a CRL file size up to 15 MB.

config.SetProperty("CONFIG_MAX_CRL_SIZE_KB"", "15000");

config->SetProperty("CONFIG_MAX_CRL_SIZE_KB"", "15000");

config.setProperty("CONFIG_MAX_CRL_SIZE_KB"", "15000");

speech_config.set_property_by_name("CONFIG_MAX_CRL_SIZE_KB"", "15000")

speechConfig.properties.SetPropertyByString("CONFIG_MAX_CRL_SIZE_KB", "15000")

Bypassing or ignoring CRL failures

If an environment can't be configured to access an Azure CA location, the Speech SDK can't retrieve an updated CRL. You can configure the SDK either to continue and log download failures or to bypass all CRL checks.

Warning

CRL checks are a security measure and bypassing them increases susceptibility to attacks. They should not be bypassed without thorough consideration of the security implications and alternative mechanisms for protecting against the attack vectors that CRL checks mitigate.

To continue with the connection when a CRL can't be retrieved, set the property "OPENSSL_CONTINUE_ON_CRL_DOWNLOAD_FAILURE" to "true". An attempt is still made to retrieve a CRL and failures is still emitted in logs, but connection attempts are allowed to continue.

config.SetProperty("OPENSSL_CONTINUE_ON_CRL_DOWNLOAD_FAILURE", "true");

config->SetProperty("OPENSSL_CONTINUE_ON_CRL_DOWNLOAD_FAILURE", "true");

config.setProperty("OPENSSL_CONTINUE_ON_CRL_DOWNLOAD_FAILURE", "true");

speech_config.set_property_by_name("OPENSSL_CONTINUE_ON_CRL_DOWNLOAD_FAILURE", "true")


speechConfig.properties.SetPropertyByString("OPENSSL_CONTINUE_ON_CRL_DOWNLOAD_FAILURE", "true")

To turn off certificate revocation checks, set the property "OPENSSL_DISABLE_CRL_CHECK" to "true". Then, while connecting to the Speech service, there's no attempt to check or download a CRL and no automatic verification of a reported TLS/SSL certificate.

config.SetProperty("OPENSSL_DISABLE_CRL_CHECK", "true");

config->SetProperty("OPENSSL_DISABLE_CRL_CHECK", "true");

config.setProperty("OPENSSL_DISABLE_CRL_CHECK", "true");

speech_config.set_property_by_name("OPENSSL_DISABLE_CRL_CHECK", "true")

speechConfig.properties.SetPropertyByString("OPENSSL_DISABLE_CRL_CHECK", "true")

CRL caching and performance

By default, the Speech SDK will cache a successfully downloaded CRL on disk to improve the initial latency of future connections. When no cached CRL is present or when the cached CRL is expired, a new list is downloaded.

Some Linux distributions don't have a TMP or TMPDIR environment variable defined, so the Speech SDK doesn't cache downloaded CRLs. Without TMP or TMPDIR environment variable defined, the Speech SDK downloads a new CRL for each connection. To improve initial connection performance in this situation, you can create a TMPDIR environment variable and set it to the accessible path of a temporary directory..

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