Dapr component resiliency

Resiliency policies proactively prevent, detect, and recover from your container app failures. In this article, you learn how to apply resiliency policies for applications that use Dapr to integrate with different cloud services, like state stores, pub/sub message brokers, secret stores, and more.

You can configure resiliency policies like retries, timeouts, and circuit breakers for the following outbound and inbound operation directions via a Dapr component:

• Outbound operations: Calls from the Dapr sidecar to a component, such as:
  • Persisting or retrieving state
  • Publishing a message
  • Invoking an output binding
• Inbound operations: Calls from the Dapr sidecar to your container app, such as:
  • Subscriptions when delivering a message
  • Input bindings delivering an event

The following screenshot shows how an application uses a retry policy to attempt to recover from failed requests.

Supported resiliency policies

• Timeouts
• Retries (HTTP)
• Circuit breakers

Configure resiliency policies

You can choose whether to create resiliency policies using Bicep, the CLI, or the Azure portal.

Bicep

The following resiliency example demonstrates all of the available configurations.

resource myPolicyDoc 'Microsoft.App/managedEnvironments/daprComponents/resiliencyPolicies@2023-11-02-preview' = {
  name: 'my-component-resiliency-policies'
  parent: '${componentName}'
  properties: {
    outboundPolicy: {
      timeoutPolicy: {
          responseTimeoutInSeconds: 15
      }
      httpRetryPolicy: {
          maxRetries: 5
          retryBackOff: {
            initialDelayInMilliseconds: 1000
            maxIntervalInMilliseconds: 10000
          }
      }
      circuitBreakerPolicy: {  
          intervalInSeconds: 15
          consecutiveErrors: 10
          timeoutInSeconds: 5     
      }  
    } 
    inboundPolicy: {
      timeoutPolicy: {
        responseTimeoutInSeconds: 15
      }
      httpRetryPolicy: {
        maxRetries: 5
        retryBackOff: {
          initialDelayInMilliseconds: 1000
          maxIntervalInMilliseconds: 10000
        }
      }
      circuitBreakerPolicy: {  
          intervalInSeconds: 15
          consecutiveErrors: 10
          timeoutInSeconds: 5     
      }  
    }
  }
}

CLI

Before you begin

Log in to the Azure CLI:

az login

Make sure you have the latest version of the Azure Container App extension.

az extension show --name containerapp
az extension update --name containerapp

Create specific policies

Note

If all properties within a policy are not set during create or update, the CLI automatically applies the recommended default settings. Set specific policies using flags.

Create resiliency policies by targeting an individual policy. For example, to create the Outbound Timeout policy, run the following command.

az containerapp env dapr-component resiliency create --group MyResourceGroup --name MyDaprResiliency --environment MyEnvironment --dapr-component-name MyDaprComponentName --out-timeout 20

For a full list of parameters, see the CLI reference guide.

Create policies with resiliency YAML

To apply the resiliency policies from a YAML file, run the following command:

az containerapp env dapr-component resiliency create --group MyResourceGroup --name MyDaprResiliency --environment MyEnvironment --dapr-component-name MyDaprComponentName --yaml <MY_YAML_FILE>

This command passes the resiliency policy YAML file, which might look similar to the following example:

outboundPolicy:
  httpRetryPolicy:
    maxRetries: 5
    retryBackOff:
      initialDelayInMilliseconds: 1000
      maxIntervalInMilliseconds: 10000
  timeoutPolicy:
    responseTimeoutInSeconds: 15
  circuitBreakerPolicy:
    intervalInSeconds: 15
    consecutiveErrors: 10
    timeoutInSeconds: 5
inboundPolicy:
  httpRetryPolicy:
    maxRetries: 3
    retryBackOff:
      initialDelayInMilliseconds: 500
      maxIntervalInMilliseconds: 5000
  circuitBreakerPolicy:
    intervalInSeconds: 15
    consecutiveErrors: 10
    timeoutInSeconds: 5

Update specific policies

Update your resiliency policies by targeting an individual policy. For example, to update the response timeout of the Outbound Timeout policy, run the following command.

az containerapp env dapr-component resiliency update --group MyResourceGroup --name MyDaprResiliency --environment MyEnvironment --dapr-component-name MyDaprComponentName --out-timeout 20

Update policies with resiliency YAML

You can also update existing resiliency policies by updating the resiliency YAML you created earlier.

az containerapp env dapr-component resiliency update --group MyResourceGroup --name MyDaprResiliency --environment MyEnvironment --dapr-component-name MyDaprComponentName --yaml <MY_YAML_FILE>

View policies

Use the resiliency list command to list all the resiliency policies attached to a container app.

az containerapp env dapr-component resiliency list --group MyResourceGroup --environment MyEnvironment --dapr-component-name MyDaprComponentName

Use resiliency show command to show a single policy by name.

az containerapp env dapr-component resiliency show --group MyResourceGroup --name MyDaprResiliency --environment MyEnvironment --dapr-component-name MyDaprComponentName

Delete policies

To delete resiliency policies, run the following command.

az containerapp env dapr-component resiliency delete --group MyResourceGroup --name MyDaprResiliency --environment MyEnvironment --dapr-component-name MyDaprComponentName

Azure portal

Navigate into your container app environment in the Azure portal. In the left side menu under Settings, select Dapr components to open the Dapr component pane.

You can add resiliency policies to an existing Dapr component by selecting Add resiliency for that component.

In the resiliency policy pane, select Outbound or Inbound to set policies for outbound or inbound operations. For example, for outbound operations, you can set timeout and HTTP retry policies similar to the following.

Click Save to save the resiliency policies.

Note

Currently, you can only set timeout and retry policies via the Azure portal.

You can edit or remove the resiliency policies by selecting Edit resiliency.

Important

Once you've applied all the resiliency policies, you need to restart your Dapr applications.

Policy specifications

Timeouts

Timeouts are used to early-terminate long-running operations. The timeout policy includes the following properties.

properties: {
  outbound: {
    timeoutPolicy: {
        responseTimeoutInSeconds: 15
    }
  }
  inbound: {
    timeoutPolicy: {
        responseTimeoutInSeconds: 15
    }
  }
}

Metadata	Required	Description	Example
responseTimeoutInSeconds	Yes	Timeout waiting for a response from the Dapr component.	15

Retries

Define an httpRetryPolicy strategy for failed operations. The retry policy includes the following configurations.

properties: {
  outbound: {
    httpRetryPolicy: {
        maxRetries: 5
        retryBackOff: {
          initialDelayInMilliseconds: 1000
          maxIntervalInMilliseconds: 10000
        }
    }
  }
  inbound: {
    httpRetryPolicy: {
        maxRetries: 5
        retryBackOff: {
          initialDelayInMilliseconds: 1000
          maxIntervalInMilliseconds: 10000
        }
    }
  } 
}

Metadata	Required	Description	Example
maxRetries	Yes	Maximum retries to be executed for a failed http-request.	5
retryBackOff	Yes	Monitor the requests and shut off all traffic to the impacted service when timeout and retry criteria are met.	N/A
retryBackOff.initialDelayInMilliseconds	Yes	Delay between first error and first retry.	1000
retryBackOff.maxIntervalInMilliseconds	Yes	Maximum delay between retries.	10000

Circuit breakers

Define a circuitBreakerPolicy to monitor requests causing elevated failure rates and shut off all traffic to the impacted service when a certain criteria is met.

properties: {  
  outbound: {  
    circuitBreakerPolicy: {  
        intervalInSeconds: 15
        consecutiveErrors: 10
        timeoutInSeconds: 5     
    }  
  },  
  inbound: {  
    circuitBreakerPolicy: {  
        intervalInSeconds: 15
        consecutiveErrors: 10
        timeoutInSeconds: 5     
    }  
  }  
}

Metadata	Required	Description	Example
intervalInSeconds	No	Cyclical period of time (in seconds) used by the circuit breaker to clear its internal counts. If not provided, the interval is set to the same value as provided for timeoutInSeconds.	15
consecutiveErrors	Yes	Number of request errors allowed to occur before the circuit trips and opens.	10
timeoutInSeconds	Yes	Time period (in seconds) of open state, directly after failure.	5

Circuit breaker process

Specifying consecutiveErrors (the circuit trip condition as consecutiveFailures > $(consecutiveErrors)-1) sets the number of errors allowed to occur before the circuit trips and opens halfway.

The circuit waits half-open for the timeoutInSeconds amount of time, during which the consecutiveErrors number of requests must consecutively succeed.

• If the requests succeed, the circuit closes.
• If the requests fail, the circuit remains in a half-opened state.

If you didn't set any intervalInSeconds value, the circuit resets to a closed state after the amount of time you set for timeoutInSeconds, regardless of consecutive request success or failure. If you set intervalInSeconds to 0, the circuit never automatically resets, only moving from half-open to closed state by successfully completing consecutiveErrors requests in a row.

If you did set an intervalInSeconds value, that determines the amount of time before the circuit is reset to closed state, independent of whether the requests sent in half-opened state succeeded or not.

Resiliency logs

From the Monitoring section of your container app, select Logs.

In the Logs pane, write and run a query to find resiliency via your container app system logs. For example, to find whether a resiliency policy was loaded:

ContainerAppConsoleLogs_CL
| where ContainerName_s == "daprd"
| where Log_s contains "Loading Resiliency configuration:"
| project time_t, Category, ContainerAppName_s, Log_s
| order by time_t desc

Click Run to run the query and view the result with the log message indicating the policy is loading.

Or, you can find the actual resiliency policy by enabling debugging on your component and using a query similar to the following example:

ContainerAppConsoleLogs_CL
| where ContainerName_s == "daprd"
| where Log_s contains "Resiliency configuration ("
| project time_t, Category, ContainerAppName_s, Log_s
| order by time_t desc

Click Run to run the query and view the resulting log message with the policy configuration.

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