Come supportare i processi

Questo esempio illustra come supportare i processi quando si scrivono cmdlet. Per consentire agli utenti di eseguire il cmdlet come processo in background, è necessario includere il codice descritto nella procedura seguente. Per altre informazioni sui processi in background, vedere Processi in background.

Per supportare i processi

1. Definire un AsJob parametro switch in modo che l'utente possa decidere se eseguire il cmdlet come processo.

   Nell'esempio seguente viene illustrata una dichiarazione di parametro AsJob.

   [Parameter()]
   public SwitchParameter AsJob
   {
     get { return asjob; }
     set { asjob = value; }
   }
   private bool asjob;
   

2. Creare un oggetto che deriva dalla classe System.Management.Automation.Job. Questo oggetto può essere un oggetto processo personalizzato o uno degli oggetti processo forniti da Windows PowerShell, ad esempio un oggetto System.Management.Automation.Pseventjob.

   Nell'esempio seguente viene illustrato un oggetto processo personalizzato.

   private SampleJob job = new SampleJob("Get-ProcAsJob");
   

3. In un metodo di elaborazione dei record aggiungere if un'istruzione per rilevare se il cmdlet deve essere eseguito come processo. Il codice seguente usa il metodo System.Management.Automation.Cmdlet.ProcessRecord.

   protected override void ProcessRecord()
   {
     if (asjob)
     {
       // Add the job definition to the job repository,
       // return the job object, and then create the thread
       // used to run the job.
       JobRepository.Add(job);
       WriteObject(job);
       ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(WorkItem);
     }
     else
     {
       job.ProcessJob();
       foreach (PSObject p in job.Output)
       {
         WriteObject(p);
       }
     }
   }
   

4. Per gli oggetti processo personalizzati, implementare la classe del processo.

   private class SampleJob : Job
   {
     internal SampleJob(string command)
         : base(command)
     {
       SetJobState(JobState.NotStarted);
     }
     public override string StatusMessage
     {
       get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
     }
   
     public override bool HasMoreData
     {
       get
       {
         return hasMoreData;
       }
     }
     private bool hasMoreData = true;
   
     public override string Location
     {
       get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
     }
   
     public override void StopJob()
     {
       throw new NotImplementedException();
     }
   
     internal void ProcessJob()
     {
       SetJobState(JobState.Running);
       DoProcessLogic();
       SetJobState(JobState.Completed);
     }
   
     // Retrieve the processes of the local computer.
     void DoProcessLogic()
     {
       Process[] p = Process.GetProcesses();
   
       foreach (Process pl in p)
       {
         Output.Add(PSObject.AsPSObject(pl));
       }
       Output.Complete();
     } // End DoProcessLogic.
   } // End SampleJob class.
   

5. Se il cmdlet esegue il lavoro, chiamare il metodo System.Management.Automation.Cmdlet.WriteObject per restituire un oggetto processo alla pipeline. Se il lavoro viene eseguito come processo, aggiungere il processo figlio al processo.

   void DoProcessLogic(bool asJob)
   {
     Process[] p = Process.GetProcesses();
   
     foreach (Process pl in p)
     {
       if (!asjob)
       {
         WriteObject(pl);
       }
       else
       {
         job.ChildJobs[0].Output.Add(PSObject.AsPSObject(pl));
       }
     }
   } // End DoProcessLogic.
   

Esempio

Il codice di esempio seguente illustra il codice per un cmdlet in grado di recuperare i processi internamente Get-Proc o usando un processo in background.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Management.Automation;  // Windows PowerShell namespace.
using System.Threading;              // Thread pool namespace for posting work.
using System.Diagnostics;            // Diagnostics namespace for retrieving
                                     // process objects.

// This sample shows a cmdlet whose work can be done by the cmdlet or by using
// a background job. Background jobs are executed in their own thread,
// independent of the pipeline thread in which the cmdlet is executed.
//
// To load this cmdlet, create a module folder and copy the GetProcessSample06.dll
// assembly into the module folder. Make sure that the path to the module folder
// is added to the $PSModulePath environment variable.
// Module folder path:
//    user/documents/WindowsPowerShell/modules/GetProcessSample06
//
// To import the module, run the following command: Import-Module GetProcessSample06.
// To test the cmdlet, run the following command: Get-Proc -name <process name>
//

//
namespace Microsoft.Samples.PowerShell.Commands
{
  /// <summary>
  ///  This cmdlet retrieves process internally or returns
  ///  a job that retrieves the processes.
  /// </summary>
  [Cmdlet(VerbsCommon.Get, "Proc")]
  public sealed class GetProcCommand : PSCmdlet
  {

    #region Parameters
    /// <summary>
    /// Specify the Name parameter. This parameter accepts
    /// process names from the command line.
    /// </summary>
    [Parameter(
               Position = 0,
               ValueFromPipeline = true,
               ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = true)]
    [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty]
    public string[] Name
    {
      get { return processNames; }
      set { processNames = value; }
    }
    private string[] processNames;

    /// <summary>
    /// Specify the AsJob parameter. This parameter indicates
    /// whether the cmdlet should retrieve the processes internally
    /// or return a Job object that retrieves the processes.
    /// </summary>
    [Parameter()]
    public SwitchParameter AsJob
    {
      get { return asjob; }
      set { asjob = value; }
    }
    private bool asjob;

    #endregion Parameters

    #region Cmdlet Overrides

    // Create a custom job object.
    private SampleJob job = new SampleJob("Get-ProcAsJob");

    /// <summary>
    /// Determines if the processes should be retrieved
    /// internally or if a Job object should be returned.
    /// </summary>
    protected override void ProcessRecord()
    {
      if (asjob)
      {
        // Add the job definition to the job repository,
        // return the job object, and then create the thread
        // used to run the job.
        JobRepository.Add(job);
        WriteObject(job);
        ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(WorkItem);
      }
      else
      {
        job.ProcessJob();
        foreach (PSObject p in job.Output)
        {
          WriteObject(p);
        }
      }
    }
    #endregion Overrides

    // Implement a custom job that derives
    // from the System.Management.Automation.Job class.
    private class SampleJob : Job
    {
      internal SampleJob(string command)
          : base(command)
      {
        SetJobState(JobState.NotStarted);
      }
      public override string StatusMessage
      {
        get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
      }

      public override bool HasMoreData
      {
        get
        {
          return hasMoreData;
        }
      }
      private bool hasMoreData = true;

      public override string Location
      {
        get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
      }

      public override void StopJob()
      {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
      }

      internal void ProcessJob()
      {
        SetJobState(JobState.Running);
        DoProcessLogic();
        SetJobState(JobState.Completed);
      }

      // Retrieve the processes of the local computer.
      void DoProcessLogic()
      {
        Process[] p = Process.GetProcesses();

        foreach (Process pl in p)
        {
          Output.Add(PSObject.AsPSObject(pl));
        }
        Output.Complete();
      } // End DoProcessLogic.
    } // End SampleJob class.

    void WorkItem(object dummy)
    {
       job.ProcessJob();
    }

    // Display the results of the work. If not a job,
    // process objects are returned. If a job, the
    // output is added to the job as a child job.
    void DoProcessLogic(bool asJob)
    {
      Process[] p = Process.GetProcesses();

      foreach (Process pl in p)
      {
        if (!asjob)
        {
          WriteObject(pl);
        }
        else
        {
          job.ChildJobs[0].Output.Add(PSObject.AsPSObject(pl));
        }
      }
    } // End DoProcessLogic.
  } //End GetProcCommand
}