Backup e ripristino dei log dei database e delle transazioni

Si applica a: SQL Server database SQL di Azure Istanza gestita di SQL di Azure Azure Synapse Analytics

In SMO la classe Backup e la classe Restore sono classi di utilità che forniscono gli strumenti necessari per portare a termine le attività specifiche di backup e ripristino. Un Backup oggetto rappresenta un'attività di backup specifica necessaria anziché un oggetto Microsoft SQL Server nell'istanza del server.

In caso di perdita o danneggiamento di dati, è necessario ripristinare il backup, completamente o parzialmente. Per il ripristino parziale viene utilizzata la raccolta FileGroupCollection per segmentare i dati da ripristinare. Se il backup riguarda un log delle transazioni, è possibile ripristinare i dati fino a un momento specifico tramite la proprietà ToPointInTime dell'oggetto Restore. È possibile convalidare i dati anche tramite il metodo SqlVerify. La procedura di backup consigliata prevede il controllo dell'integrità del backup tramite un'operazione di ripristino e il controllo regolare dei dati nel database.

Analogamente all'oggetto Backup , non è necessario creare l'oggetto Restore usando un metodo Create perché non rappresenta alcun oggetto nell'istanza di SQL Server. L'oggetto Restore è un set di proprietà e metodi utilizzati per ripristinare un database.

Esempi

Per usare qualsiasi esempio di codice fornito, è necessario scegliere l'ambiente di programmazione, il modello di programmazione e il linguaggio di programmazione per la creazione dell'applicazione. Per altre informazioni, vedere Creare un progetto SMO di Visual C# in Visual Studio .NET.

Backup di database e log delle transazioni in Visual Basic

In questo esempio di codice viene illustrato come eseguire il backup di un database esistente in un file e quindi come ripristinarlo.

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common  
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo  
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic.MyServices  
  
Module SMO_VBBackup3  
  
    Sub Main()  
        'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
        Dim srv As Server  
        srv = New Server  
  
        'Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.  
        Dim db As Database  
        db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022")  
  
        'Store the current recovery model in a variable.  
        Dim recoverymod As Integer  
        recoverymod = db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel  
  
        'Define a Backup object variable.   
        Dim bk As New Backup  
  
        'Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up.  
        bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database  
        bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks2022"  
        bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks 2022 Backup"  
        bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2022"  
  
        'Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file.  
        Dim bdi As BackupDeviceItem  
        bdi = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File)  
  
        'Add the device to the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Add(bdi)  
  
        'Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.  
        bk.Incremental = False  
  
        'Set the expiration date.  
        Dim backupdate As New Date  
        backupdate = New Date(2006, 10, 5)  
        bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate  
  
        'Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.  
        bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate  
  
        'Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the backup has been completed.  
        Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.")  
  
        'Remove the backup device from the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdi)  
  
        'Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.  
        Dim t As Table  
        t = New Table(db, "test_table")  
        Dim c As Column  
        c = New Column(t, "col", DataType.Int)  
        t.Columns.Add(c)  
        t.Create()  
  
        'Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.  
        Dim bdid As BackupDeviceItem  
        bdid = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File)  
  
        'Add the device to the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Add(bdid)  
  
        'Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.  
        bk.Incremental = True  
  
        'Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device from the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdid)  
  
        'Delete the AdventureWorks2022 database before restoring it.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Drop()  
  
        'Define a Restore object variable.  
        Dim rs As Restore  
        rs = New Restore  
  
        'Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.  
        rs.NoRecovery = True  
  
        'Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Add(bdi)  
  
        'Specify the database name.  
        rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2022"  
  
        'Restore the full database backup with no recovery.  
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device from the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdi)  
  
        'Set te NoRecovery property to False.  
        rs.NoRecovery = False  
  
        'Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Add(bdid)  
  
        'Restore the differential database backup with recovery.  
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device.  
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdid)  
  
        'Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = recoverymod  
  
        'Drop the table that was added.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Tables("test_table").Drop()  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Alter()  
  
        'Remove the backup files from the hard disk.  
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.12\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Full_Backup1")  
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.12\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Differential_Backup1")  
    End Sub  
End Module  

Backup di database e log delle transazioni in Visual C#

In questo esempio di codice viene illustrato come eseguire il backup di un database esistente in un file e quindi come ripristinarlo.

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;  
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;  
  
class A {  
   public static void Main() {  
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.   
      Server srv = new Server();  
      // Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.   
      Database db = default(Database);  
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Store the current recovery model in a variable.   
      int recoverymod;  
      recoverymod = (int)db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel;  
  
      // Define a Backup object variable.   
      Backup bk = new Backup();  
  
      // Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up.   
      bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database;  
      bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks2022";  
      bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks2022 Backup";  
      bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2022";  
  
      // Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file.   
      BackupDeviceItem bdi = default(BackupDeviceItem);  
      bdi = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File);  
  
      // Add the device to the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Add(bdi);  
      // Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.   
      bk.Incremental = false;  
  
      // Set the expiration date.   
      System.DateTime backupdate = new System.DateTime();  
      backupdate = new System.DateTime(2006, 10, 5);  
      bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate;  
  
      // Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.   
      bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate;  
  
      // Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.   
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the backup has been completed.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.");  
  
      // Remove the backup device from the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdi);  
  
      // Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.   
      Table t = default(Table);  
      t = new Table(db, "test_table");  
      Column c = default(Column);  
      c = new Column(t, "col", DataType.Int);  
      t.Columns.Add(c);  
      t.Create();  
  
      // Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.   
      BackupDeviceItem bdid = default(BackupDeviceItem);  
      bdid = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File);  
  
      // Add the device to the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Add(bdid);  
  
      // Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.   
      bk.Incremental = true;  
  
      // Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.   
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.");  
  
      // Remove the device from the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdid);  
  
      // Delete the AdventureWorks2022 database before restoring it  
      // db.Drop();  
  
      // Define a Restore object variable.  
      Restore rs = new Restore();  
  
      // Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.   
      rs.NoRecovery = true;  
  
      // Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.   
      rs.Devices.Add(bdi);  
  
      // Specify the database name.   
      rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2022";  
  
      // Restore the full database backup with no recovery.   
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.   
      Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.");  
  
      // reacquire a reference to the database  
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Remove the device from the Restore object.  
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdi);  
  
      // Set the NoRecovery property to False.   
      rs.NoRecovery = false;  
  
      // Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.   
      rs.Devices.Add(bdid);  
  
      // Restore the differential database backup with recovery.   
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.");  
  
      // Remove the device.   
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdid);  
  
      // Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
      db.RecoveryModel = (RecoveryModel)recoverymod;  
  
      // Drop the table that was added.   
      db.Tables["test_table"].Drop();  
      db.Alter();  
  
      // Remove the backup files from the hard disk.  
      // This location is dependent on the installation of SQL Server  
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Full_Backup1");  
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Differential_Backup1");  
   }  
}  

Backup di database e log delle transazioni in PowerShell

In questo esempio di codice viene illustrato come eseguire il backup di un database esistente in un file e quindi come ripristinarlo.

#Backing up and restoring a Database from PowerShell  
  
#Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
  
#Get a server object which corresponds to the default instance  
$srv = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Server  
  
#Reference the AdventureWorks database.  
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]  
  
#Store the current recovery model in a variable.  
$recoverymod = $db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel  
  
#Create a Backup object  
$bk = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Backup  
  
#set to backup the database  
$bk.Action = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupActionType]::Database  
  
#Set back up properties  
$bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks"  
$bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks Backup"  
$bk.Database = "AdventureWorks"  
  
#Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor,   
#and the type of device is a file.  
$dt = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DeviceType]::File  
$bdi = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `  
-argumentlist "Test_FullBackup1", $dt  
  
#Add the device to the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Add($bdi)  
  
#Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.  
$bk.Incremental = $false  
  
#Set the expiration date.  
$bk.ExpirationDate = get-date "10/05/2006"  
  
#Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.  
$bk.LogTruncation = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupTruncateLogType]::Truncate  
  
#Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the backup has been completed.  
"Full Backup complete."  
  
#Remove the backup device from the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdi)  
  
#Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.  
$t = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Table -argumentlist $db, "test_table"  
$type = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DataType]::int  
$c = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Column -argumentlist $t, "col", $type       
$t.Columns.Add($c)  
$t.Create()  
  
#Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.  
# $dt is file backup device  
$bdid = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `  
-argumentlist "Test_DifferentialBackup1", $dt  
#Add this device to the backup set  
$bk.Devices.Add($bdid)  
  
#Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.  
$bk.Incremental = $true  
  
#Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.  
"Differential Backup complete."  
  
#Remove the device from the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdid)  
  
#Delete the AdventureWorks database before restoring it.  
$db.Drop()  
  
#Define a Restore object variable.  
$rs = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Restore  
  
#Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.  
$rs.NoRecovery = $true  
  
#Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Add($bdi)  
  
#Specify the database name.  
$rs.Database = "AdventureWorks"  
#Restore the full database backup with no recovery.  
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.  
"Full Database Restore complete."  
  
#Remove the device from the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdi)  
  
#Set the NoRecovery property to False.  
$rs.NoRecovery = $false  
  
#Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Add($bdid)  
  
#Restore the differential database backup with recovery.  
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.  
"Differential Database Restore complete."  
  
#Remove the device.  
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdid)  
  
#Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]  
$db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = $recoverymod  
  
#Drop the table that was added.  
$db.Tables["test_table"].Drop()  
$db.Alter()  
  
#Delete the backup files - the exact location depends on your installation  
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_FullBackup1"  
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_DifferentialBackup1"  

Esecuzione di controlli di integrità dei database in Visual Basic

SQL Server fornisce il controllo dell'integrità dei dati. In questo esempio di codice viene eseguito un controllo del tipo di consistenza di un database nel database specificato. In questo esempio viene utilizzato il metodo CheckTables, ma è possibile utilizzare allo stesso modo CheckAllocations, CheckCatalog o CheckIdentityValues.

Nota

Per l'oggetto StringCollection è necessario un riferimento allo spazio dei nomi tramite l'istruzione imports System.Collections.Specialized.

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo  
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common  
Imports System.Collections.Specialized  
Module S  
   Sub Main()  
      'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
      Dim srv As Server  
      srv = New Server  
      'Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.  
      Dim db As Database  
      db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022")  
      'Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements.  
      Dim sc As StringCollection  
      'Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable.  
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None)  
      Dim c As Integer  
      For c = 0 To sc.Count - 1  
         Console.WriteLine(sc.Item(c))  
      Next  
   End Sub  
End Module  

Esecuzione di controlli di integrità dei database in Visual C#

SQL Server fornisce il controllo dell'integrità dei dati. In questo esempio di codice viene eseguito un controllo del tipo di consistenza di un database nel database specificato. In questo esempio viene utilizzato il metodo CheckTables, ma è possibile utilizzare allo stesso modo CheckAllocations, CheckCatalog o CheckIdentityValues.

Nota

Per l'oggetto StringCollection è necessario un riferimento allo spazio dei nomi tramite l'istruzione imports System.Collections.Specialized.

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;  
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;  
using System;  
  
class A {  
   public static void Main() {  
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.   
      Server srv = new Server();  
  
      // Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.             
      Database db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements.   
      System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection sc;  
  
      // Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable.   
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None);  
  
      foreach (string c in sc) {  
         Console.WriteLine(c);  
      }  
   }  
}  

Esecuzione di controlli di integrità dei database in PowerShell

SQL Server fornisce il controllo dell'integrità dei dati. In questo esempio di codice viene eseguito un controllo del tipo di consistenza di un database nel database specificato. In questo esempio viene utilizzato il metodo CheckTables, ma è possibile utilizzare allo stesso modo CheckAllocations, CheckCatalog o CheckIdentityValues.

Nota

Per l'oggetto StringCollection è necessario un riferimento allo spazio dei nomi tramite l'istruzione imports System.Collections.Specialized.

# Set the path context to the local, default instance of SQL Server and get a reference to AdventureWorks2022  
CD \sql\localhost\default\databases  
$db = get-item AdventureWorks2022  
  
$sc = $db.CheckTables([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.RepairType]::None)  
foreach ($c in $sc)  
{  
    $c  
 }