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方法 : 非同期サービス操作を実装する

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Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) アプリケーションでは、クライアントに呼び出し方法を指示することなく、サービス操作を非同期的または同期的に実装できます。たとえば、非同期サービス操作を同期的に呼び出すことも、同期サービス操作を非同期的に呼び出すことも可能です。クライアント アプリケーションから操作を非同期で呼び出す方法を示す例については、「方法 : WCF サービス操作を非同期に呼び出す」を参照してください。同期操作および非同期操作詳細情報、「サービス コントラクトの設計」および「同期操作と非同期操作」を参照してください。このトピックでは、非同期サービス操作の基本構造について説明します。コードは部分的なコードです。サービス側とクライアント側の両方の完全な例については、「非同期」を参照してください。

非同期サービス操作の実装

  1. サービス コントラクトで、.NET 非同期デザイン ガイドラインに従って非同期メソッドのペアを宣言します。Begin メソッドは、パラメーター、コールバック オブジェクト、状態オブジェクトを受け取って System.IAsyncResult を返し、組になる End メソッドは System.IAsyncResult を受け取って戻り値を返します。非同期呼び出しの詳細については、「Asynchronous Programming Design Patterns」を参照してください。

  2. 非同期メソッド ペアの Begin メソッドを System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute 属性を使用してマークし、System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute.AsyncPattern プロパティを true に設定します。たとえば、次のコード例では手順 1. と 2. を実行します。

      <OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern:=True)> _
  Function BeginServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal msg As String, ByVal callback As AsyncCallback, ByVal asyncState As Object) As IAsyncResult

  ' Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
  Function EndServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal result As IAsyncResult) As String
End Interface

      [OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern=true)]
  IAsyncResult BeginServiceAsyncMethod(string msg, AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState);

  // Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
  string EndServiceAsyncMethod(IAsyncResult result);
}

  3. 非同期デザインのガイドラインに従って、Begin/End メソッド ペアをサービス クラスに実装します。たとえば、次のコード例では、非同期サービス操作の Begin および End の両方の部分の文字列がコンソールに書き出され、End 操作の戻り値がクライアントに返される実装を示します。コード例全体については、「使用例」を参照してください。

例

このコード例では次のものが示されます。

  1. 次の操作とのサービス コントラクト インターフェイス

    1. 同期 SampleMethod 操作

    2. 非同期 BeginSampleMethod 操作

    3. 非同期 BeginServiceAsyncMethod/EndServiceAsyncMethod 操作のペア

  2. System.IAsyncResult オブジェクトを使用したサービスの実装

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Threading

Namespace Microsoft.WCF.Documentation
  <ServiceContractAttribute(Namespace:="http://microsoft.wcf.documentation")> _
  Public Interface ISampleService

    <OperationContractAttribute> _
    Function SampleMethod(ByVal msg As String) As String

    <OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern := True)> _
    Function BeginSampleMethod(ByVal msg As String, ByVal callback As AsyncCallback, ByVal asyncState As Object) As IAsyncResult

    'Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
    Function EndSampleMethod(ByVal result As IAsyncResult) As String

    <OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern:=True)> _
    Function BeginServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal msg As String, ByVal callback As AsyncCallback, ByVal asyncState As Object) As IAsyncResult

    ' Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
    Function EndServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal result As IAsyncResult) As String
  End Interface

  Public Class SampleService
      Implements ISampleService
    #Region "ISampleService Members"

    Public Function SampleMethod(ByVal msg As String) As String Implements ISampleService.SampleMethod
      Console.WriteLine("Called synchronous sample method with ""{0}""", msg)
         Return "The sychronous service greets you: " & msg
    End Function

    ' This asynchronously implemented operation is never called because 
    ' there is a synchronous version of the same method.
    Public Function BeginSampleMethod(ByVal msg As String, ByVal callback As AsyncCallback, ByVal asyncState As Object) As IAsyncResult Implements ISampleService.BeginSampleMethod
      Console.WriteLine("BeginSampleMethod called with: " & msg)
      Return New CompletedAsyncResult(Of String)(msg)
    End Function

    Public Function EndSampleMethod(ByVal r As IAsyncResult) As String Implements ISampleService.EndSampleMethod
      Dim result As CompletedAsyncResult(Of String) = TryCast(r, CompletedAsyncResult(Of String))
      Console.WriteLine("EndSampleMethod called with: " & result.Data)
      Return result.Data
    End Function

    Public Function BeginServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal msg As String, ByVal callback As AsyncCallback, ByVal asyncState As Object) As IAsyncResult Implements ISampleService.BeginServiceAsyncMethod
      Console.WriteLine("BeginServiceAsyncMethod called with: ""{0}""", msg)
      Return New CompletedAsyncResult(Of String)(msg)
    End Function

    Public Function EndServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal r As IAsyncResult) As String Implements ISampleService.EndServiceAsyncMethod
      Dim result As CompletedAsyncResult(Of String) = TryCast(r, CompletedAsyncResult(Of String))
      Console.WriteLine("EndServiceAsyncMethod called with: ""{0}""", result.Data)
      Return result.Data
    End Function
    #End Region
  End Class

  ' Simple async result implementation.
  Friend Class CompletedAsyncResult(Of T)
      Implements IAsyncResult
    Private data_Renamed As T

    Public Sub New(ByVal data As T)
        Me.data_Renamed = data
    End Sub

    Public ReadOnly Property Data() As T
        Get
            Return data_Renamed
        End Get
    End Property

    #Region "IAsyncResult Members"
    Public ReadOnly Property AsyncState() As Object Implements IAsyncResult.AsyncState
        Get
            Return CObj(data_Renamed)
        End Get
    End Property

    Public ReadOnly Property AsyncWaitHandle() As WaitHandle Implements IAsyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle
        Get
            Throw New Exception("The method or operation is not implemented.")
        End Get
    End Property

    Public ReadOnly Property CompletedSynchronously() As Boolean Implements IAsyncResult.CompletedSynchronously
        Get
            Return True
        End Get
    End Property

    Public ReadOnly Property IsCompleted() As Boolean Implements IAsyncResult.IsCompleted
        Get
            Return True
        End Get
    End Property
    #End Region
  End Class
End Namespace

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace Microsoft.WCF.Documentation
{
  [ServiceContractAttribute(Namespace="http://microsoft.wcf.documentation")]
  public interface ISampleService{

    [OperationContractAttribute]
    string SampleMethod(string msg);

    [OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern = true)]
    IAsyncResult BeginSampleMethod(string msg, AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState);

    //Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
    string EndSampleMethod(IAsyncResult result);

    [OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern=true)]
    IAsyncResult BeginServiceAsyncMethod(string msg, AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState);

    // Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
    string EndServiceAsyncMethod(IAsyncResult result);
  }

  public class SampleService : ISampleService
  {
    #region ISampleService Members

    public string  SampleMethod(string msg)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("Called synchronous sample method with \"{0}\"", msg);
        return "The sychronous service greets you: " + msg;
    }

    // This asynchronously implemented operation is never called because 
    // there is a synchronous version of the same method.
    public IAsyncResult BeginSampleMethod(string msg, AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("BeginSampleMethod called with: " + msg);
      return new CompletedAsyncResult<string>(msg);
    }

    public string EndSampleMethod(IAsyncResult r)
    {
      CompletedAsyncResult<string> result = r as CompletedAsyncResult<string>;
      Console.WriteLine("EndSampleMethod called with: " + result.Data);
      return result.Data;
    }

    public IAsyncResult BeginServiceAsyncMethod(string msg, AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState) 
    {
      Console.WriteLine("BeginServiceAsyncMethod called with: \"{0}\"", msg);
      return new CompletedAsyncResult<string>(msg);
    }

    public string EndServiceAsyncMethod(IAsyncResult r)
    {
      CompletedAsyncResult<string> result = r as CompletedAsyncResult<string>;
      Console.WriteLine("EndServiceAsyncMethod called with: \"{0}\"", result.Data);
      return result.Data;
    }
    #endregion
  }

  // Simple async result implementation.
  class CompletedAsyncResult<T> : IAsyncResult
  {
    T data;

    public CompletedAsyncResult(T data)
    { this.data = data; }

    public T Data
    { get { return data; } }

    #region IAsyncResult Members
    public object AsyncState
    { get { return (object)data; } }

    public WaitHandle AsyncWaitHandle
    { get { throw new Exception("The method or operation is not implemented."); } }

    public bool CompletedSynchronously
    { get { return true; } }

    public bool IsCompleted
    { get { return true; } }
    #endregion
  }
}

参照

概念

サービス コントラクトの設計
同期操作と非同期操作