データベースおよびトランザクション ログのバックアップと復元

SMO の Backup クラスおよび Restore クラスは、バックアップおよび復元の特定のタスクを実行するツールを提供するユーティリティ クラスです。 Backup オブジェクトは、サーバー インスタンス上の Microsoft SQL Server オブジェクトの代わりに必要となる、特定のバックアップ タスクを表現します。

データの損失や破損が発生した場合、バックアップを完全に、または部分的に復元する必要があります。 部分的な復元では、復元するデータを分割するために FileGroupCollection コレクションが使用されます。 トランザクション ログのバックアップの場合、Restore オブジェクトの ToPointInTime プロパティを使用して、データが特定の時点まで復元されます。 データは、SqlVerify メソッドを使用して検証することができます。 推奨されるバックアップ手順は、復元操作とデータベース内のデータのチェックを定期的に実行することによってバックアップの整合性をチェックすることです。

Backup オブジェクトと同様、Restore オブジェクトは、SQL Server のインスタンス上のオブジェクトを表現しているのではないので、Create メソッドを使用して作成する必要はありません。 Restore オブジェクトは、データベースの復元に使用されるプロパティとメソッドのセットです。

使用例

提供されているコード例を使用するには、アプリケーションを作成するプログラミング環境、プログラミング テンプレート、およびプログラミング言語を選択する必要があります。 詳細については、「Visual Studio .NET での Visual Basic SMO プロジェクトの作成」または「Visual Studio .NET での Visual C# SMO プロジェクトの作成」を参照してください。

Visual Basic でのデータベースおよびトランザクション ログのバックアップ

このコード例では、既存のデータベースをファイルにバックアップする方法と復元する方法を示します。

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic.MyServices

Module SMO_VBBackup3

    Sub Main()
        'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.
        Dim srv As Server
        srv = New Server

        'Reference the AdventureWorks2008R2 database.
        Dim db As Database
        db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2")

        'Store the current recovery model in a variable.
        Dim recoverymod As Integer
        recoverymod = db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel

        'Define a Backup object variable. 
        Dim bk As New Backup

        'Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up.
        bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database
        bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks2008R2"
        bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks 2008R2 Backup"
        bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2008R2"

        'Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file.
        Dim bdi As BackupDeviceItem
        bdi = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File)

        'Add the device to the Backup object.
        bk.Devices.Add(bdi)

        'Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.
        bk.Incremental = False

        'Set the expiration date.
        Dim backupdate As New Date
        backupdate = New Date(2006, 10, 5)
        bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate

        'Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.
        bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate

        'Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)

        'Inform the user that the backup has been completed.
        Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.")

        'Remove the backup device from the Backup object.
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdi)

        'Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.
        Dim t As Table
        t = New Table(db, "test_table")
        Dim c As Column
        c = New Column(t, "col", DataType.Int)
        t.Columns.Add(c)
        t.Create()

        'Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.
        Dim bdid As BackupDeviceItem
        bdid = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File)

        'Add the device to the Backup object.
        bk.Devices.Add(bdid)

        'Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.
        bk.Incremental = True

        'Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)

        'Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.")

        'Remove the device from the Backup object.
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdid)

        'Delete the AdventureWorks2008R2 database before restoring it.
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2").Drop()

        'Define a Restore object variable.
        Dim rs As Restore
        rs = New Restore

        'Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.
        rs.NoRecovery = True

        'Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.
        rs.Devices.Add(bdi)

        'Specify the database name.
        rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2008R2"

        'Restore the full database backup with no recovery.
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)

        'Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.
        Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.")

        'Remove the device from the Restore object.
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdi)

        'Set te NoRecovery property to False.
        rs.NoRecovery = False

        'Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.
        rs.Devices.Add(bdid)

        'Restore the differential database backup with recovery.
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)

        'Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.")

        'Remove the device.
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdid)

        'Set the database recovery mode back to its original value.
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2").DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = recoverymod

        'Drop the table that was added.
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2").Tables("test_table").Drop()
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2").Alter()

        'Remove the backup files from the hard disk.
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Full_Backup1")
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Differential_Backup1")
    End Sub
End Module

Visual C# でのデータベースおよびトランザクション ログのバックアップ

このコード例では、既存のデータベースをファイルにバックアップする方法と復元する方法を示します。

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;

class A {
   public static void Main() {
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server. 
      Server srv = new Server();
      // Reference the AdventureWorks2012 database. 
      Database db = default(Database);
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2012"];

      // Store the current recovery model in a variable. 
      int recoverymod;
      recoverymod = (int)db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel;

      // Define a Backup object variable. 
      Backup bk = new Backup();

      // Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up. 
      bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database;
      bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of Adventureworks2012";
      bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks2012 Backup";
      bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2012";

      // Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file. 
      BackupDeviceItem bdi = default(BackupDeviceItem);
      bdi = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File);

      // Add the device to the Backup object. 
      bk.Devices.Add(bdi);
      // Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup. 
      bk.Incremental = false;

      // Set the expiration date. 
      System.DateTime backupdate = new System.DateTime();
      backupdate = new System.DateTime(2006, 10, 5);
      bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate;

      // Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete. 
      bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate;

      // Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server. 
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);

      // Inform the user that the backup has been completed. 
      System.Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.");

      // Remove the backup device from the Backup object. 
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdi);

      // Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table. 
      Table t = default(Table);
      t = new Table(db, "test_table");
      Column c = default(Column);
      c = new Column(t, "col", DataType.Int);
      t.Columns.Add(c);
      t.Create();

      // Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object. 
      BackupDeviceItem bdid = default(BackupDeviceItem);
      bdid = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File);

      // Add the device to the Backup object. 
      bk.Devices.Add(bdid);

      // Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup. 
      bk.Incremental = true;

      // Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server. 
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);

      // Inform the user that the differential backup is complete. 
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.");

      // Remove the device from the Backup object. 
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdid);

      // Delete the AdventureWorks2012 database before restoring it
      // db.Drop();

      // Define a Restore object variable.
      Restore rs = new Restore();

      // Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered. 
      rs.NoRecovery = true;

      // Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object. 
      rs.Devices.Add(bdi);

      // Specify the database name. 
      rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2012";

      // Restore the full database backup with no recovery. 
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);

      // Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete. 
      Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.");

      // reacquire a reference to the database
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2012"];

      // Remove the device from the Restore object.
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdi);

      // Set the NoRecovery property to False. 
      rs.NoRecovery = false;

      // Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object. 
      rs.Devices.Add(bdid);

      // Restore the differential database backup with recovery. 
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);

      // Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete. 
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.");

      // Remove the device. 
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdid);

      // Set the database recovery mode back to its original value.
      db.RecoveryModel = (RecoveryModel)recoverymod;

      // Drop the table that was added. 
      db.Tables["test_table"].Drop();
      db.Alter();

      // Remove the backup files from the hard disk.
      // This location is dependent on the installation of SQL Server
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL11.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Full_Backup1");
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL11.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Differential_Backup1");
   }
}

PowerShell でのデータベースおよびトランザクション ログのバックアップ

このコード例では、既存のデータベースをファイルにバックアップする方法と復元する方法を示します。

#Backing up and restoring a Database from PowerShell

#Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.

#Get a server object which corresponds to the default instance
$srv = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Server

#Reference the AdventureWorks database.
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]

#Store the current recovery model in a variable.
$recoverymod = $db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel

#Create a Backup object
$bk = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Backup

#set to backup the database
$bk.Action = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupActionType]::Database

#Set back up properties
$bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks"
$bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks Backup"
$bk.Database = "AdventureWorks"

#Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, 
#and the type of device is a file.
$dt = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DeviceType]::File
$bdi = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `
-argumentlist "Test_FullBackup1", $dt

#Add the device to the Backup object.
$bk.Devices.Add($bdi)

#Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.
$bk.Incremental = $false

#Set the expiration date.
$bk.ExpirationDate = get-date "10/05/2006"

#Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.
$bk.LogTruncation = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupTruncateLogType]::Truncate

#Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)

#Inform the user that the backup has been completed.
"Full Backup complete."

#Remove the backup device from the Backup object.
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdi)

#Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.
$t = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Table -argumentlist $db, "test_table"
$type = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DataType]::int
$c = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Column -argumentlist $t, "col", $type     
$t.Columns.Add($c)
$t.Create()

#Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.
# $dt is file backup device
$bdid = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `
-argumentlist "Test_DifferentialBackup1", $dt
#Add this device to the backup set
$bk.Devices.Add($bdid)

#Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.
$bk.Incremental = $true

#Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)

#Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.
"Differential Backup complete."

#Remove the device from the Backup object.
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdid)

#Delete the AdventureWorks database before restoring it.
$db.Drop()

#Define a Restore object variable.
$rs = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Restore

#Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.
$rs.NoRecovery = $true

#Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.
$rs.Devices.Add($bdi)

#Specify the database name.
$rs.Database = "AdventureWorks"
#Restore the full database backup with no recovery.
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)

#Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.
"Full Database Restore complete."

#Remove the device from the Restore object.
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdi)

#Set the NoRecovery property to False.
$rs.NoRecovery = $false

#Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.
$rs.Devices.Add($bdid)

#Restore the differential database backup with recovery.
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)

#Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.
"Differential Database Restore complete."
       
#Remove the device.
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdid)

#Set the database recovery mode back to its original value.
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]
$db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = $recoverymod

#Drop the table that was added.
$db.Tables["test_table"].Drop()
$db.Alter()

#Delete the backup files - the exact location depends on your installation
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL11.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_FullBackup1"
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL11.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_DifferentialBackup1"

Visual Basic でのデータベースの整合性確認の実行

SQL Server には、データ整合性の確認手段が提供されています。 このコード例では、指定されたデータベースに対してデータベース整合性の型チェックを実行します。 この例では、CheckTables が使用されていますが、CheckAllocations、CheckCatalog、および CheckIdentityValues も同様に使用することができます。

注
StringCollection オブジェクトの場合は、imports System.Collections.Specialized ステートメントの使用による名前空間への参照が必要になります。

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common
Imports System.Collections.Specialized
Module S
   Sub Main()
      'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.
      Dim srv As Server
      srv = New Server
      'Reference the AdventureWorks2008R2 database.
      Dim db As Database
      db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2008R2")
      'Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements.
      Dim sc As StringCollection
      'Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable.
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None)
      Dim c As Integer
      For c = 0 To sc.Count - 1
         Console.WriteLine(sc.Item(c))
      Next
   End Sub
End Module

Visual C# でのデータベースの整合性確認の実行

SQL Server には、データ整合性の確認手段が提供されています。 このコード例では、指定されたデータベースに対してデータベース整合性の型チェックを実行します。 この例では、CheckTables が使用されていますが、CheckAllocations、CheckCatalog、および CheckIdentityValues も同様に使用することができます。

注
StringCollection オブジェクトの場合は、imports System.Collections.Specialized ステートメントの使用による名前空間への参照が必要になります。

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;
using System;

class A {
   public static void Main() {
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server. 
      Server srv = new Server();

      // Reference the AdventureWorks2012 database.           
      Database db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2012"];

      // Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements. 
      System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection sc;

      // Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable. 
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None);

      foreach (string c in sc) {
         Console.WriteLine(c);
      }
   }
}

PowerShell でのデータベースの整合性確認の実行

SQL Server には、データ整合性の確認手段が提供されています。 このコード例では、指定されたデータベースに対してデータベース整合性の型チェックを実行します。 この例では、CheckTables が使用されていますが、CheckAllocations、CheckCatalog、および CheckIdentityValues も同様に使用することができます。

注
StringCollection オブジェクトの場合は、imports System.Collections.Specialized ステートメントの使用による名前空間への参照が必要になります。

# Set the path context to the local, default instance of SQL Server and get a reference to AdventureWorks2012
CD \sql\localhost\default\databases
$db = get-item Adventureworks2012

$sc = $db.CheckTables([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.RepairType]::None)
foreach ($c in $sc)
{
    $c
 }