コラボレーションでの同期でセッション変数を使用する方法

[アーティクル]
10/17/2009

注意

ドキュメントの「他の ADO.NET 互換データベースの同期」セクションでは、Sync Framework を使用して SQL Server 以外のデータベースを同期する方法を紹介します。このリリースのコード例では SQL Server が使用されていますが、SQL Server 固有のオブジェクト (SqlConnection など) や SQL クエリを一部変更することで、他の ADO.NET 互換データベースでも同じコードを使用できます。SQL Server の同期については、「コラボレーション同期を構成して実行する方法 (SQL Server)」を参照してください。

このトピックでは、Sync Framework でセッション変数を使用する方法について説明します。このトピックの例では、次に示す Sync Framework の型とプロパティを中心に説明します。

サンプルコードを実行する方法については、「他の ADO.NET 互換データベースの同期」の「操作方法に関するトピックのサンプルアプリケーション」を参照してください。

セッション変数について

Sync Framework には、一連のセッション変数が用意されており、これらを使用すると、同期中に DbSyncAdapter コマンドと DbSyncProvider コマンドに値を渡すことができます。これらの変数は、ADO.NET コマンドのクエリやストアドプロシージャに対する他のパラメーターと同じように指定します。同期セッション中、DbSyncProvider は、各 ADO.NET のコマンドオブジェクトを呼び出すとき、同期パラメーターのコレクション (SyncParameters) を走査することによって、各パラメーターを名前に基づいて ADO.NET のコマンドパラメーターに対応付けることができるかどうかを判断します。定義されているカスタムパラメーターや組み込みのセッション変数との一致が存在した場合、プロバイダーがコマンドを呼び出す前に、Sync Framework によって、その変数に値が設定されます。

たとえば、次の UPDATE ステートメントでは、@sync_min_timestamp、@sync_force_write、および @sync_row_count の各セッション変数を使用して、Customer テーブルに変更を適用します。

UPDATE c
SET c.CustomerName = @CustomerName, c.SalesPerson = @SalesPerson, c.CustomerType = @CustomerType      
FROM Sales.Customer c JOIN Sync.Customer_Tracking t ON c.CustomerId = t.CustomerId
WHERE ((t.local_update_peer_timestamp <= @sync_min_timestamp) OR @sync_force_write = 1)
    AND t.CustomerId = @CustomerId  
SET @sync_row_count = @@rowcount

@sync_min_timestamp および @sync_force_write の値は、同期中に Sync Framework によって設定され、@sync_row_count の値は、SQL Server の @@rowcount 関数によって設定されます。上記のクエリのように変数名を直接使用することも、SyncSession オブジェクトから取得した文字列定数を使用することもできます。次の表に、使用可能なすべてのセッション変数とその使用方法を示します。

セッション変数	使用方法
sync_check_concurrency	Sync Framework により、メタデータを更新および削除するコマンドで使用されます。Sync Framework は、この値を使用して、メタデータの参照先の行が変更された場合にメタデータを変更できるかどうかを判断します。メタデータを変更できない場合は、ApplyMetadataFailed イベントが発生します。
sync_create_peer_key、sync_create_peer_timestamp、sync_row_is_tombstone、sync_row_timestamp、sync_update_peer_key、sync_update_peer_timestamp、sync_scope_cleanup_timestamp、sync_scope_local_id、sync_shared_scope_name、sync_table_name	変更追跡列への変更を選択して適用するコマンドで使用されます。これらの列の詳細については、「コラボレーション同期用にサーバーデータベースを準備する方法 (SQL Server 以外)」の「テーブル単位のメタデータ用の追跡テーブルを作成する」を参照してください。
sync_force_write	競合またはエラーが原因で失敗した変更を強制的に適用する RetryWithForceWrite の ApplyAction で使用されます。詳細については、「コラボレーションでの同期中に発生するデータ競合およびエラーを処理する方法 (SQL Server)」を参照してください。
sync_initialize	現在の同期セッションが最初のセッション (値 1) であるか、その後のセッション (値 0) であるかを返します。
sync_metadata_only	Sync Framework により、SelectIncrementalChangesCommand プロパティおよび SelectRowCommand プロパティに指定されたコマンドで使用されます。Sync Framework は、この変数に値 1 を指定した場合、メタデータのみを選択し、関連するデータ変更は選択しません。これは、Sync Framework がデータ変更を必要としない場合、たとえば SelectRowCommand を使用して競合する行を選択する場合などに適しています。
sync_min_timestamp およびsync_new_timestamp	セッション中に同期される一連の変更を定義するために使用されます。現在の同期セッション中に、SelectNewTimestampCommand プロパティに指定されたコマンドによって、新しい timestamp 値が提供されます。最小値から新しい値までの間に加えられた変更が同期されます。その後、新しい値が格納され、次の同期セッションの最小値として使用されます。
sync_row_count	サーバーで実行された最後の操作で処理された行数を返します。SQL Server データベースでは、@@ROWCOUNT によって、この変数に値が指定されます。このトピックのコード例に示すように、sync_row_count の値を設定する出力パラメーターをストアドプロシージャに含める必要があります。行数 0 は、操作が失敗したことを示します。一般的な原因としては、競合またはエラーが挙げられます。詳細については、「コラボレーションでの同期中に発生するデータ競合およびエラーを処理する方法 (SQL Server)」を参照してください。
sync_scope_cleanup_knowledge、sync_scope_id、sync_scope_knowledge、sync_scope_name、および sync_scope_timestamp	同期ナレッジが格納されるテーブルへの変更を選択して適用するコマンドで使用されます。このようなテーブルの例については、「コラボレーション同期用にサーバーデータベースを準備する方法 (SQL Server 以外)」の「スコープ単位のメタデータ用の追跡テーブルを作成する」を参照してください。
sync_session_id	現在の同期セッションを識別する GUID 値を返します。
sync_stage_name	DbSyncStage 列挙体のいずれかの値に対応する値を返します。

例

次のコード例は、Sync Framework ピアサンプルデータベースの Customer テーブルの同期中にセッション変数を使用する方法を示しています。

API の主要部分

このセクションでは、セッション変数に関連する API のいくつかの主要部分に注目したコード例を示します。ここに示すコマンドのいくつかは、サンプルピアデータベースに含まれるストアドプロシージャを呼び出します。詳細については、「コラボレーション同期用にサーバーデータベースを準備する方法 (SQL Server 以外)」の「データおよびメタデータの選択と更新を行うストアドプロシージャを作成する」を参照してください。

次のコード例では、SelectNewTimestampCommand プロパティのクエリを指定します。このプロパティは、sync_new_timestamp 変数の値を設定します。この値は、サーバーデータベースから変更を選択する同期コマンドで使用されます。

SqlCommand selectNewTimestampCommand = new SqlCommand();
string newTimestampVariable = "@" + DbSyncSession.SyncNewTimestamp;
selectNewTimestampCommand.CommandText = "SELECT " + newTimestampVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1";
selectNewTimestampCommand.Parameters.Add(newTimestampVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
selectNewTimestampCommand.Parameters[newTimestampVariable].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;

sampleProvider.SelectNewTimestampCommand = selectNewTimestampCommand;

Dim newTimestampVariable As String = "@" + DbSyncSession.SyncNewTimestamp

Dim selectNewTimestampCommand As New SqlCommand()

With selectNewTimestampCommand
    .CommandText = "SELECT " + newTimestampVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1"
    .Parameters.Add(newTimestampVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
    .Parameters(newTimestampVariable).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
End With

sampleProvider.SelectNewTimestampCommand = selectNewTimestampCommand

MIN_ACTIVE_ROWVERSION 関数は、現在のデータベース内のアクティブな timestamp (rowversion とも呼ばれます) の最小値を返します。timestamp 値は、まだコミットされていないトランザクションで使用されている場合にアクティブです。データベースにアクティブな値がない場合は、MIN_ACTIVE_ROWVERSION によって @@DBTS + 1 と同じ値が返されます。MIN_ACTIVE_ROWVERSION は、timestamp 値を使用して一連の変更をグループ化する、データの同期などのシナリオで役立ちます。アプリケーションがそのアンカーコマンドで MIN_ACTIVE_ROWVERSION ではなく @@DBTS を使用すると、同期が行われるときにアクティブな変更が失われる可能性があります。

次のコード例では、SelectIncrementalChangesCommand プロパティのためのストアドプロシージャを指定します。このプロシージャは、同期セッション中に、ピアから挿入、更新、および削除を選択して 2 番目のピアに適用します。sync_min_timestamp 変数は、同期される一連の変更に含まれる最小 timestamp を示します。この変数の値は、選択する行を決定するために、追跡テーブルの sync_row_timestamp 列の値と比較されます。sync_initialize 変数は、同期セッションが 2 つのピア間の最初のセッションであるかどうかを指定するために使用されます。同期セッションが 2 つのピア間の最初のセッションである場合は、最初のセッション中にのみ実行されるロジックを sp_Customer_SelectChanges ストアドプロシージャに含めることができます。

SqlCommand chgsCustomerCmd = new SqlCommand();
chgsCustomerCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
chgsCustomerCmd.CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_SelectChanges";
chgsCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMetadataOnly, SqlDbType.Int);
chgsCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMinTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
chgsCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int);
chgsCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncInitialize, SqlDbType.Int);

adapterCustomer.SelectIncrementalChangesCommand = chgsCustomerCmd;

Dim chgsCustomerCmd As New SqlCommand()

With chgsCustomerCmd
    .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
    .CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_SelectChanges"
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMetadataOnly, SqlDbType.Int)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMinTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncInitialize, SqlDbType.Int)
End With

adapterCustomer.SelectIncrementalChangesCommand = chgsCustomerCmd

次のコード例では、あるピアから選択した更新を別のピアに適用するコマンドを指定します。Sync Framework は、sync_row_count 変数を使用することで、更新が成功したかどうかを判断できます。更新が失敗した場合、sync_force_write 変数は 1 に設定されます。これにより、sp_Customer_ApplyUpdate ストアドプロシージャに異なるロジックを組み込むことができます。詳細については、「コラボレーションでの同期中に発生するデータ競合およびエラーを処理する方法 (SQL Server)」を参照してください。sync_min_timestamp 変数は、更新がピアに適用される前に、前回の同期セッション以降にピアで行が更新されたかどうかを確認するために使用されます。

SqlCommand updCustomerCmd = new SqlCommand();
updCustomerCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
updCustomerCmd.CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_ApplyUpdate";
updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier);
updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerName", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@SalesPerson", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerType", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMinTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncForceWrite, SqlDbType.Int);

adapterCustomer.UpdateCommand = updCustomerCmd;

Dim updCustomerCmd As New SqlCommand()

With updCustomerCmd
    .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
    .CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_ApplyUpdate"
    .Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier)
    .Parameters.Add("@CustomerName", SqlDbType.NVarChar)
    .Parameters.Add("@SalesPerson", SqlDbType.NVarChar)
    .Parameters.Add("@CustomerType", SqlDbType.NVarChar)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMinTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncForceWrite, SqlDbType.Int)
End With

adapterCustomer.UpdateCommand = updCustomerCmd

次のコード例では、Customer_Tracking テーブルおよび ScopeInfo テーブルに更新を適用するコマンドを指定します。大部分のセッション変数は追跡テーブルの列に対応します。sync_check_concurrency 変数は、メタデータの参照先の行が変更された場合にメタデータを変更できるかどうかを判断するためにコマンドで使用されます。

SqlCommand updMetadataCustomerCmd = new SqlCommand();
updMetadataCustomerCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
updMetadataCustomerCmd.CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_UpdateMetadata";
updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier);
updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int);
updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int);
updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int);
updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowIsTombstone, SqlDbType.Int);
updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int);
updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;

adapterCustomer.UpdateMetadataCommand = updMetadataCustomerCmd;

Dim updMetadataCustomerCmd As New SqlCommand()

With updMetadataCustomerCmd
    .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
    .CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_UpdateMetadata"
    .Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowIsTombstone, SqlDbType.Int)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
End With

adapterCustomer.UpdateMetadataCommand = updMetadataCustomerCmd

SqlCommand updReplicaInfoCmd = new SqlCommand();
updReplicaInfoCmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
updReplicaInfoCmd.CommandText = "UPDATE  Sync.ScopeInfo SET " +
                                "scope_sync_knowledge = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeKnowledge + ", " +
                                "scope_id = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeId + ", " +
                                "scope_tombstone_cleanup_knowledge = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeCleanupKnowledge + " " +
                                "WHERE scope_name = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName + " AND " +
                                " ( @" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency + " = 0 OR scope_timestamp = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeTimestamp + "); " +
                                "set @" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount + " = @@rowcount";
updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeKnowledge, SqlDbType.VarBinary, 10000);
updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeCleanupKnowledge, SqlDbType.VarBinary, 10000);
updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName, SqlDbType.NVarChar, 100);
updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int);
updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeId, SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier);
updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;

sampleProvider.UpdateScopeInfoCommand = updReplicaInfoCmd;

Dim updReplicaInfoCmd As New SqlCommand()

With updReplicaInfoCmd
    .CommandType = CommandType.Text
    .CommandText = "UPDATE  Sync.ScopeInfo SET " _
                 & "scope_sync_knowledge = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeKnowledge + ", " _
                 & "scope_id = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeId + ", " _
                 & "scope_tombstone_cleanup_knowledge = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeCleanupKnowledge + " " _
                 & "WHERE scope_name = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName + " AND " _
                 & " ( @" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency + " = 0 OR scope_timestamp = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeTimestamp + "); " _
                 & "set @" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount + " = @@rowcount"
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeKnowledge, SqlDbType.VarBinary, 10000)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeCleanupKnowledge, SqlDbType.VarBinary, 10000)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName, SqlDbType.NVarChar, 100)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeId, SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
    .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
End With

sampleProvider.UpdateScopeInfoCommand = updReplicaInfoCmd

完全なコード例

次の完全なコード例には、このトピックで既に説明したコード例に加え、同期を実行するためのコードが含まれています。この例では、「データベースプロバイダーの Utility クラスに関するトピック」で説明されている Utility クラスが必要です。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using Microsoft.Synchronization;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data;

namespace Microsoft.Samples.Synchronization
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            //The SampleStats class handles information from the SyncStatistics
            //object that the Synchronize method returns.
            SampleStats sampleStats = new SampleStats();

            try
            {
                //Initial synchronization. Instantiate the SyncOrchestrator
                //and call Synchronize. Note that data is not synchronized during the
                //session between peer 1 and peer 3, because all rows have already
                //been delivered to peer 3 during its synchronization session with peer 2.
                SyncOrchestrator sampleSyncAgent;
                SyncOperationStatistics syncStatistics;

                sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2);
                syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
                sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial");

                sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3);
                syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
                sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial");

                sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3);
                syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
                sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial");
            }


            catch (DbOutdatedSyncException ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Outdated Knowledge: " + ex.OutdatedPeerSyncKnowledge.ToString() +
                                  " Clean up knowledge: " + ex.MissingCleanupKnowledge.ToString());
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }

            //Make changes in each peer database.
            Utility.MakeDataChangesOnNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, "Customer");
            Utility.MakeDataChangesOnNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2, "Customer");
            Utility.MakeDataChangesOnNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3, "Customer");

            try
            {
                //Subsequent synchronization. Changes are now synchronized between all
                //peers.
                SyncOrchestrator sampleSyncAgent;
                SyncOperationStatistics syncStatistics;

                sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2);
                syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
                sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent");

                sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3);
                syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
                sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent");

                sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3);
                syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
                sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent");

                //Sessions in which no new changes have been made.
                //In this case, the call to SelectTableMaxTimestampsCommand indicates 
                //that no data changes are available to synchronize, so
                //SelectIncrementalChangesCommand is not called.
                sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2);
                syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
                sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent");

                sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2);
                syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
                sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent");
            }


            catch (DbOutdatedSyncException ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Outdated Knowledge: " + ex.OutdatedPeerSyncKnowledge.ToString() +
                                  " Clean up knowledge: " + ex.MissingCleanupKnowledge.ToString());
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }

            //Return peer data back to its original state.
            Utility.CleanUpNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1);
            Utility.CleanUpNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2);
            Utility.CleanUpNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3);

            //Exit.
            Console.Write("\nPress Enter to close the window.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        //Create a class that is derived from 
        //Microsoft.Synchronization.SyncOrchestrator.
        public class SampleSyncAgent : SyncOrchestrator
        {
            public SampleSyncAgent(string localProviderConnString, string remoteProviderConnString)
            {

                //Instantiate the sample provider that allows us to create a provider
                //for both of the peers that are being synchronized.
                SampleSyncProvider sampleSyncProvider = new SampleSyncProvider();

                //Instantiate a DbSyncProvider for the local peer and the remote peer.
                //For example, if this code is running at peer1 and is
                //synchronizing with peer2, peer1 would be the local provider
                //and peer2 the remote provider.
                DbSyncProvider localProvider = new DbSyncProvider();
                DbSyncProvider remoteProvider = new DbSyncProvider();

                //Create a provider by using the SetupSyncProvider on the sample class.             
                sampleSyncProvider.SetupSyncProvider(localProviderConnString, localProvider);
                localProvider.SyncProviderPosition = SyncProviderPosition.Local;
                
                sampleSyncProvider.SetupSyncProvider(remoteProviderConnString, remoteProvider);
                remoteProvider.SyncProviderPosition = SyncProviderPosition.Remote;

                //Specify the local and remote providers that should be synchronized,
                //and the direction and order of changes. In this case, changes are first
                //uploaded from remote to local and then downloaded in the other direction.
                this.LocalProvider = localProvider;
                this.RemoteProvider = remoteProvider;
                this.Direction = SyncDirectionOrder.UploadAndDownload;
            }
        }


        public class SampleSyncProvider
        {
            public DbSyncProvider SetupSyncProvider(string peerConnString, DbSyncProvider sampleProvider)
            {

                SqlConnection peerConnection = new SqlConnection(peerConnString);
                sampleProvider.Connection = peerConnection;
                sampleProvider.ScopeName = "Sales";

                //Create a DbSyncAdapter object for the Customer table and associate it 
                //with the DbSyncProvider. Following the DataAdapter style in ADO.NET, 
                //DbSyncAdapter is the equivalent for synchronization. The commands that 
                //are specified for the DbSyncAdapter object call stored procedures
                //that are created in each peer database.
                DbSyncAdapter adapterCustomer = new DbSyncAdapter("Customer");


                //Specify the primary key, which Sync Framework uses
                //to identify each row during synchronization.
                adapterCustomer.RowIdColumns.Add("CustomerId");


                //Specify the command to select incremental changes.
                //In this command and other commands, session variables are
                //used to pass information at runtime. DbSyncSession.SyncMetadataOnly 
                //and SyncMinTimestamp are two of the string constants that
                //the DbSyncSession class exposes. You could also include 
                //@sync_metadata_only and @sync_min_timestamp directly in your 
                //queries:
                //*  sync_metadata_only is used by Sync Framework as an optimization
                //   in some queries.
                //* The value of the sync_min_timestamp session variable is compared to
                //   values in the sync_row_timestamp column in the tracking table to 
                //   determine which rows to select.
                SqlCommand chgsCustomerCmd = new SqlCommand();
                chgsCustomerCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                chgsCustomerCmd.CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_SelectChanges";
                chgsCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMetadataOnly, SqlDbType.Int);
                chgsCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMinTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
                chgsCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int);
                chgsCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncInitialize, SqlDbType.Int);

                adapterCustomer.SelectIncrementalChangesCommand = chgsCustomerCmd;

                //Specify the command to insert rows.
                //The sync_row_count session variable is used in this command 
                //and other commands to return a count of the rows affected by an operation. 
                //A count of 0 indicates that an operation failed.
                SqlCommand insCustomerCmd = new SqlCommand();
                insCustomerCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                insCustomerCmd.CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_ApplyInsert";
                insCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier);
                insCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerName", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
                insCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@SalesPerson", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
                insCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerType", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
                insCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;

                adapterCustomer.InsertCommand = insCustomerCmd;


                //Specify the command to update rows.
                //The value of the sync_min_timestamp session variable is compared to
                //values in the sync_row_timestamp column in the tracking table to 
                //determine which rows to update.
                SqlCommand updCustomerCmd = new SqlCommand();
                updCustomerCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                updCustomerCmd.CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_ApplyUpdate";
                updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier);
                updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerName", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
                updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@SalesPerson", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
                updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerType", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
                updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMinTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
                updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
                updCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncForceWrite, SqlDbType.Int);
                
                adapterCustomer.UpdateCommand = updCustomerCmd;


                //Specify the command to delete rows.
                //The value of the sync_min_timestamp session variable is compared to
                //values in the sync_row_timestamp column in the tracking table to 
                //determine which rows to delete.
                SqlCommand delCustomerCmd = new SqlCommand();
                delCustomerCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                delCustomerCmd.CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_ApplyDelete";
                delCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier);
                delCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMinTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
                delCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
                delCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncForceWrite, SqlDbType.Int);
                
                adapterCustomer.DeleteCommand = delCustomerCmd;

                //Specify the command to select any conflicting rows.
                SqlCommand selRowCustomerCmd = new SqlCommand();
                selRowCustomerCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                selRowCustomerCmd.CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_SelectRow";
                selRowCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier);
                selRowCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int);

                adapterCustomer.SelectRowCommand = selRowCustomerCmd;


                //Specify the command to insert metadata rows.
                //The session variables in this command relate to columns in
                //the tracking table.
                SqlCommand insMetadataCustomerCmd = new SqlCommand();
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_InsertMetadata";
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier);          
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int);
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int);
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int);
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowIsTombstone, SqlDbType.Int);
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int);
                insMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;

                adapterCustomer.InsertMetadataCommand = insMetadataCustomerCmd;


                //Specify the command to update metadata rows.
                SqlCommand updMetadataCustomerCmd = new SqlCommand();
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_UpdateMetadata";
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier);
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int);
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int);
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int);
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowIsTombstone, SqlDbType.Int);
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int);
                updMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;

                adapterCustomer.UpdateMetadataCommand = updMetadataCustomerCmd;

                //Specify the command to delete metadata rows.
                SqlCommand delMetadataCustomerCmd = new SqlCommand();
                delMetadataCustomerCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                delMetadataCustomerCmd.CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_DeleteMetadata";
                delMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier);
                delMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int);
                delMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
                delMetadataCustomerCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;

                adapterCustomer.DeleteMetadataCommand = delMetadataCustomerCmd;


                //Add the adapter to the provider.
                sampleProvider.SyncAdapters.Add(adapterCustomer);


                // Configure commands that relate to the provider itself rather 
                // than the DbSyncAdapter object for each table:
                // * SelectNewTimestampCommand: Returns the new high watermark for 
                //   the current synchronization session.
                // * SelectScopeInfoCommand: Returns sync knowledge, cleanup knowledge, 
                //   and a scope version (timestamp).
                // * UpdateScopeInfoCommand: Sets new values for sync knowledge and cleanup knowledge.            
                // * SelectTableMaxTimestampsCommand (optional): Returns the maximum timestamp from each base table 
                //   or tracking table, to determine whether for each table the destination already 
                //   has all of the changes from the source. If a destination table has all the changes,
                //   SelectIncrementalChangesCommand is not called for that table.
                // There are additional commands related to metadata cleanup that are not 
                // included in this application.


                //Select a new timestamp.
                //During each synchronization, the new value and
                //the last value from the previous synchronization
                //are used: the set of changes between these upper and
                //lower bounds is synchronized.
                SqlCommand selectNewTimestampCommand = new SqlCommand();
                string newTimestampVariable = "@" + DbSyncSession.SyncNewTimestamp;
                selectNewTimestampCommand.CommandText = "SELECT " + newTimestampVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1";
                selectNewTimestampCommand.Parameters.Add(newTimestampVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
                selectNewTimestampCommand.Parameters[newTimestampVariable].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
                
                sampleProvider.SelectNewTimestampCommand = selectNewTimestampCommand;

                //Specify the command to select local replica metadata.
                SqlCommand selReplicaInfoCmd = new SqlCommand();
                selReplicaInfoCmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
                selReplicaInfoCmd.CommandText = "SELECT " +
                                                "scope_id, " +
                                                "scope_local_id, " +
                                                "scope_sync_knowledge, " +
                                                "scope_tombstone_cleanup_knowledge, " +
                                                "scope_timestamp " +
                                                "FROM Sync.ScopeInfo " +
                                                "WHERE scope_name = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName;
                selReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName, SqlDbType.NVarChar, 100);
                
                sampleProvider.SelectScopeInfoCommand = selReplicaInfoCmd;


                //Specify the command to update local replica metadata. 
                SqlCommand updReplicaInfoCmd = new SqlCommand();
                updReplicaInfoCmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
                updReplicaInfoCmd.CommandText = "UPDATE  Sync.ScopeInfo SET " +
                                                "scope_sync_knowledge = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeKnowledge + ", " +
                                                "scope_id = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeId + ", " +
                                                "scope_tombstone_cleanup_knowledge = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeCleanupKnowledge + " " +
                                                "WHERE scope_name = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName + " AND " +
                                                " ( @" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency + " = 0 OR scope_timestamp = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeTimestamp + "); " +
                                                "set @" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount + " = @@rowcount";
                updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeKnowledge, SqlDbType.VarBinary, 10000);
                updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeCleanupKnowledge, SqlDbType.VarBinary, 10000);
                updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName, SqlDbType.NVarChar, 100);
                updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int);
                updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeId, SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier);
                updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt);
                updReplicaInfoCmd.Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
                
                sampleProvider.UpdateScopeInfoCommand = updReplicaInfoCmd;


                //Return the maximum timestamp from the Customer_Tracking table.
                //If more tables are synchronized, the query should UNION
                //all of the results. The table name is not schema-qualified
                //in this case because the name was not schema qualified in the
                //DbSyncAdapter constructor.
                SqlCommand selTableMaxTsCmd = new SqlCommand();
                selTableMaxTsCmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
                selTableMaxTsCmd.CommandText = "SELECT 'Customer' AS table_name, " +
                                               "MAX(local_update_peer_timestamp) AS max_timestamp " +
                                               "FROM Sync.Customer_Tracking";
                sampleProvider.SelectTableMaxTimestampsCommand = selTableMaxTsCmd;

                return sampleProvider;
            }
        }

        //Handle the statistics that are returned by the SyncAgent.
        public class SampleStats
        {
            public void DisplayStats(SyncOperationStatistics syncStatistics, string syncType)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(String.Empty);
                if (syncType == "initial")
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("****** Initial Synchronization ******");
                }
                else if (syncType == "subsequent")
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("***** Subsequent Synchronization ****");
                }

                Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncStartTime);
                Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Uploaded: " + syncStatistics.UploadChangesTotal);
                Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " + syncStatistics.DownloadChangesTotal);
                Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncEndTime);
                Console.WriteLine(String.Empty);
            }
        }
    }
}

Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data

Class Program

    Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)

        'The SampleStats class handles information from the SyncStatistics
        'object that the Synchronize method returns.
        Dim sampleStats As New SampleStats()

        Try
            'Initial synchronization. Instantiate the SyncOrchestrator
            'and call Synchronize. Note that data is not synchronized during the
            'session between peer 1 and peer 3, because all rows have already
            'been delivered to peer 3 during its synchronization session with peer 2.              
            Dim sampleSyncAgent As SyncOrchestrator
            Dim syncStatistics As SyncOperationStatistics

            sampleSyncAgent = New SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2)
            syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial")

            sampleSyncAgent = New SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3)
            syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial")

            sampleSyncAgent = New SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3)
            syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial")


        Catch ex As DbOutdatedSyncException
            Console.WriteLine("Outdated Knowledge: " & ex.OutdatedPeerSyncKnowledge.ToString() _
                            & " Clean up knowledge: " + ex.MissingCleanupKnowledge.ToString())
        Catch ex As Exception
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
        End Try

        'Make changes in each peer database.
        Utility.MakeDataChangesOnNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, "Customer")
        Utility.MakeDataChangesOnNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2, "Customer")
        Utility.MakeDataChangesOnNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3, "Customer")

        Try
            'Subsequent synchronization. Changes are now synchronized between all
            'peers.
            Dim sampleSyncAgent As SyncOrchestrator
            Dim syncStatistics As SyncOperationStatistics

            sampleSyncAgent = New SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2)
            syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent")

            sampleSyncAgent = New SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3)
            syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent")

            sampleSyncAgent = New SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3)
            syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent")

            'Sessions in which no new changes have been made.
            'In this case, the call to SelectTableMaxTimestampsCommand indicates 
            'that no data changes are available to synchronize, so
            'SelectIncrementalChangesCommand is not called.
            sampleSyncAgent = New SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2)
            syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent")

            sampleSyncAgent = New SampleSyncAgent(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1, Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2)
            syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent")


        Catch ex As DbOutdatedSyncException
            Console.WriteLine("Outdated Knowledge: " & ex.OutdatedPeerSyncKnowledge.ToString() _
                            & " Clean up knowledge: " + ex.MissingCleanupKnowledge.ToString())
        Catch ex As Exception
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
        End Try

        'Return peer data back to its original state.
        Utility.CleanUpNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync1)
        Utility.CleanUpNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync2)
        Utility.CleanUpNode(Utility.ConnStr_DbSync3)

        'Exit.
        Console.Write(vbLf + "Press Enter to close the window.")
        Console.ReadLine()

    End Sub 'Main

End Class 'Program

'Create a class that is derived from 
'Microsoft.Synchronization.SyncOrchestrator.
Public Class SampleSyncAgent
    Inherits SyncOrchestrator

    Public Sub New(ByVal localProviderConnString As String, ByVal remoteProviderConnString As String)

        'Instantiate the sample provider that allows us to create a provider
        'for both of the peers that are being synchronized.
        Dim sampleSyncProvider As New SampleSyncProvider()

        'Instantiate a DbSyncProvider for the local peer and the remote peer.
        'For example, if this code is running at peer1 and is
        'synchronizing with peer2, peer1 would be the local provider
        'and peer2 the remote provider.  
        Dim localProvider As New DbSyncProvider()
        Dim remoteProvider As New DbSyncProvider()

        'Create a provider by using the SetupSyncProvider on the sample class.
        sampleSyncProvider.SetupSyncProvider(localProviderConnString, localProvider)
        localProvider.SyncProviderPosition = SyncProviderPosition.Local

        sampleSyncProvider.SetupSyncProvider(remoteProviderConnString, remoteProvider)
        remoteProvider.SyncProviderPosition = SyncProviderPosition.Remote

        'Specify the local and remote providers that should be synchronized,
        'and the direction and order of changes. In this case, changes are first
        'uploaded from local to remote and then downloaded in the other direction.
        Me.LocalProvider = localProvider
        Me.RemoteProvider = remoteProvider
        Me.Direction = SyncDirectionOrder.UploadAndDownload

    End Sub 'New
End Class 'SampleSyncAgent

Public Class SampleSyncProvider

    Public Function SetupSyncProvider(ByVal peerConnString As String, ByVal sampleProvider As DbSyncProvider) As DbSyncProvider

        Dim peerConnection As New SqlConnection(peerConnString)
        sampleProvider.Connection = peerConnection
        sampleProvider.ScopeName = "Sales"

        'Create a DbSyncAdapter object for the Customer table and associate it 
        'with the DbSyncProvider. Following the DataAdapter style in ADO.NET, 
        'DbSyncAdapter is the equivalent for synchronization. The commands that 
        'are specified for the DbSyncAdapter object call stored procedures
        'that are created in each peer database.
        Dim adapterCustomer As New DbSyncAdapter("Customer")

        'Specify the primary key, which Sync Framework uses
        'to identify each row during synchronization.
        adapterCustomer.RowIdColumns.Add("CustomerId")

        'Specify the command to select incremental changes.
        'In this command and other commands, session variables are
        'used to pass information at runtime. DbSyncSession.SyncMetadataOnly 
        'and SyncMinTimestamp are two of the string constants that
        'the DbSyncSession class exposes. You could also include 
        '@sync_metadata_only and @sync_min_timestamp directly in your 
        'queries:
        '*  sync_metadata_only is used by Sync Framework as an optimization
        '   in some queries.
        '* The value of the sync_min_timestamp session variable is compared to
        '   values in the sync_row_timestamp column in the tracking table to 
        '   determine which rows to select.
        Dim chgsCustomerCmd As New SqlCommand()

        With chgsCustomerCmd
            .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            .CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_SelectChanges"
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMetadataOnly, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMinTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncInitialize, SqlDbType.Int)
        End With

        adapterCustomer.SelectIncrementalChangesCommand = chgsCustomerCmd

        'Specify the command to insert rows.
        'The sync_row_count session variable is used in this command 
        'and other commands to return a count of the rows affected by an operation. 
        'A count of 0 indicates that an operation failed.
        Dim insCustomerCmd As New SqlCommand()

        With insCustomerCmd
            .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            .CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_ApplyInsert"
            .Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier)
            .Parameters.Add("@CustomerName", SqlDbType.NVarChar)
            .Parameters.Add("@SalesPerson", SqlDbType.NVarChar)
            .Parameters.Add("@CustomerType", SqlDbType.NVarChar)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
        End With

        adapterCustomer.InsertCommand = insCustomerCmd


        'Specify the command to update rows.
        'The value of the sync_min_timestamp session variable is compared to
        'values in the sync_row_timestamp column in the tracking table to 
        'determine which rows to update.
        Dim updCustomerCmd As New SqlCommand()

        With updCustomerCmd
            .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            .CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_ApplyUpdate"
            .Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier)
            .Parameters.Add("@CustomerName", SqlDbType.NVarChar)
            .Parameters.Add("@SalesPerson", SqlDbType.NVarChar)
            .Parameters.Add("@CustomerType", SqlDbType.NVarChar)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMinTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncForceWrite, SqlDbType.Int)
        End With

        adapterCustomer.UpdateCommand = updCustomerCmd


        'Specify the command to delete rows.
        'The value of the sync_min_timestamp session variable is compared to
        'values in the sync_row_timestamp column in the tracking table to 
        'determine which rows to delete.
        Dim delCustomerCmd As New SqlCommand()

        With delCustomerCmd
            .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            .CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_ApplyDelete"
            .Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncMinTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncForceWrite, SqlDbType.Int)
        End With

        adapterCustomer.DeleteCommand = delCustomerCmd

        'Specify the command to select any conflicting rows.
        Dim selRowCustomerCmd As New SqlCommand()

        With selRowCustomerCmd
            .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            .CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_SelectRow"
            .Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int)
        End With

        adapterCustomer.SelectRowCommand = selRowCustomerCmd


        'Specify the command to insert metadata rows.
        'The session variables in this command relate to columns in
        'the tracking table. These are the same columns
        'that were specified as DbSyncAdapter properties at the beginning 
        'of this code example.
        Dim insMetadataCustomerCmd As New SqlCommand()

        With insMetadataCustomerCmd
            .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            .CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_InsertMetadata"
            .Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowIsTombstone, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
        End With

        adapterCustomer.InsertMetadataCommand = insMetadataCustomerCmd


        'Specify the command to update metadata rows.
        Dim updMetadataCustomerCmd As New SqlCommand()

        With updMetadataCustomerCmd
            .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            .CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_UpdateMetadata"
            .Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeLocalId, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCreatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerKey, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncUpdatePeerTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowIsTombstone, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
        End With

        adapterCustomer.UpdateMetadataCommand = updMetadataCustomerCmd

        'Specify the command to delete metadata rows.
        Dim delMetadataCustomerCmd As New SqlCommand()

        With delMetadataCustomerCmd
            .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            .CommandText = "Sync.sp_Customer_DeleteMetadata"
            .Parameters.Add("@CustomerId", SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
        End With

        adapterCustomer.DeleteMetadataCommand = delMetadataCustomerCmd


        sampleProvider.SyncAdapters.Add(adapterCustomer)


        ' Configure commands that relate to the provider itself rather 
        ' than the DbSyncAdapter object for each table:
        ' * SelectNewTimestampCommand: Returns the new high watermark for 
        '   the current synchronization session.
        ' * SelectScopeInfoCommand: Returns sync knowledge, cleanup knowledge, 
        '   and a scope version (timestamp).
        ' * UpdateScopeInfoCommand: Sets new values for sync knowledge and cleanup knowledge.            
        ' * SelectTableMaxTimestampsCommand (optional): Returns the maximum timestamp from each base table 
        '   or tracking table, to determine whether for each table the destination already 
        '   has all of the changes from the source. If a destination table has all the changes,
        '   SelectIncrementalChangesCommand is not called for that table.
        ' There are additional commands related to metadata cleanup that are not 
        ' included in this application.           


        'Select a new timestamp.
        'During each synchronization, the new value and
        'the last value from the previous synchronization
        'are used: the set of changes between these upper and
        'lower bounds is synchronized.
        Dim newTimestampVariable As String = "@" + DbSyncSession.SyncNewTimestamp

        Dim selectNewTimestampCommand As New SqlCommand()

        With selectNewTimestampCommand
            .CommandText = "SELECT " + newTimestampVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1"
            .Parameters.Add(newTimestampVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
            .Parameters(newTimestampVariable).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
        End With

        sampleProvider.SelectNewTimestampCommand = selectNewTimestampCommand

        'Specify the command to select local replica metadata. 
        Dim selReplicaInfoCmd As New SqlCommand()

        With selReplicaInfoCmd
            .CommandType = CommandType.Text
            .CommandText = "SELECT " _
                         & "scope_id, " _
                         & "scope_local_id, " _
                         & "scope_sync_knowledge, " _
                         & "scope_tombstone_cleanup_knowledge, " _
                         & "scope_timestamp " _
                         & "FROM Sync.ScopeInfo " _
                         & "WHERE scope_name = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName, SqlDbType.NVarChar, 100)
        End With

        sampleProvider.SelectScopeInfoCommand = selReplicaInfoCmd


        'Specify the command to update local replica metadata. 
        Dim updReplicaInfoCmd As New SqlCommand()

        With updReplicaInfoCmd
            .CommandType = CommandType.Text
            .CommandText = "UPDATE  Sync.ScopeInfo SET " _
                         & "scope_sync_knowledge = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeKnowledge + ", " _
                         & "scope_id = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeId + ", " _
                         & "scope_tombstone_cleanup_knowledge = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeCleanupKnowledge + " " _
                         & "WHERE scope_name = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName + " AND " _
                         & " ( @" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency + " = 0 OR scope_timestamp = @" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeTimestamp + "); " _
                         & "set @" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount + " = @@rowcount"
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeKnowledge, SqlDbType.VarBinary, 10000)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeCleanupKnowledge, SqlDbType.VarBinary, 10000)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeName, SqlDbType.NVarChar, 100)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncCheckConcurrency, SqlDbType.Int)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeId, SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncScopeTimestamp, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters.Add("@" + DbSyncSession.SyncRowCount, SqlDbType.Int).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
        End With

        sampleProvider.UpdateScopeInfoCommand = updReplicaInfoCmd

        'Return the maximum timestamp from the Customer_Tracking table.
        'If more tables are synchronized, the query should UNION
        'all of the results. The table name is not schema-qualified
        'in this case because the name was not schema qualified in the
        'DbSyncAdapter constructor.
        Dim selTableMaxTsCmd As New SqlCommand()
        selTableMaxTsCmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text
        selTableMaxTsCmd.CommandText = "SELECT 'Customer' AS table_name, " _
                                     & "MAX(local_update_peer_timestamp) AS max_timestamp " _
                                     & "FROM Sync.Customer_Tracking"
        sampleProvider.SelectTableMaxTimestampsCommand = selTableMaxTsCmd

        Return sampleProvider

    End Function 'SetupSyncProvider

End Class 'SampleSyncProvider


'Handle the statistics that are returned by the SyncAgent.
Public Class SampleStats

    Public Sub DisplayStats(ByVal syncStatistics As SyncOperationStatistics, ByVal syncType As String)
        Console.WriteLine(String.Empty)
        If syncType = "initial" Then
            Console.WriteLine("****** Initial Synchronization ******")
        ElseIf syncType = "subsequent" Then
            Console.WriteLine("***** Subsequent Synchronization ****")
        End If

        Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncStartTime)
        Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Uploaded: " & syncStatistics.UploadChangesTotal)
        Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " & syncStatistics.DownloadChangesTotal)
        Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncEndTime)
        Console.WriteLine(String.Empty)

    End Sub 'DisplayStats
End Class 'SampleStats

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