Random 클래스
의사(pseudo) 난수 생성기를 나타냅니다. 이 장치는 무작위성에 대한 통계적인 특정 요구 사항과 일치하는 숫자 시퀀스를 생성합니다.
네임스페이스: System
어셈블리: mscorlib(mscorlib.dll)
구문
‘선언
<SerializableAttribute> _
<ComVisibleAttribute(True)> _
Public Class Random
‘사용 방법
Dim instance As Random
[SerializableAttribute]
[ComVisibleAttribute(true)]
public class Random
[SerializableAttribute]
[ComVisibleAttribute(true)]
public ref class Random
/** @attribute SerializableAttribute() */
/** @attribute ComVisibleAttribute(true) */
public class Random
SerializableAttribute
ComVisibleAttribute(true)
public class Random
설명
의사(pseudo) 난수는 일정한 숫자 집합에서 확률이 같은 숫자로 선택됩니다. 숫자를 선택할 때는 정확한 수학적 알고리즘이 사용되기 때문에 선택된 숫자가 완전히 무작위적이지는 않지만 실제로 사용하기에는 충분합니다. Random 클래스의 현재 구현은 Donald E. Knuth의 감산 난수 생성기 알고리즘을 기반으로 합니다. 자세한 내용은 D. E. Knuth의 "The Art of Computer Programming, volume 2: Seminumerical Algorithms"(Addision-Wesley, Reading, MA, second edition, 1981)을 참조하십시오.
난수 생성은 시드 값에서 시작합니다. 이때 동일한 시드를 반복적으로 사용하면 동일한 숫자가 생성됩니다. 서로 다른 시퀀스를 생성하려면 시드 값을 시간에 따라 달라지도록 하여 Random의 새 인스턴스마다 서로 다른 숫자들을 생성합니다.
성능을 개선하려면 난수 하나를 생성할 때마다 새 Random을 반복해서 만들지 말고 Random을 하나 만들어서 많은 난수를 생성합니다.
예를 들어, 임의로 암호를 만들기에 적합한 암호화 보안 난수를 생성하려면 System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider와 같이 System.Security.Cryptography.RandomNumberGenerator에서 파생된 클래스를 사용합니다.
예제
다음 코드 예제에서는 클래스 생성자의 다양한 오버로드를 사용하여 Random 개체를 만들고 개체에서 임의의 integer 및 double의 시퀀스를 생성합니다.
' Example of the Random class constructors and Random.NextDouble( )
' method.
Imports System
Imports System.Threading
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic
Module RandomObjectDemo
' Generate random numbers from the specified Random object.
Sub RunIntNDoubleRandoms( randObj As Random )
' Generate the first six random integers.
Dim j As Integer
For j = 0 To 5
Console.Write( " {0,10} ", randObj.Next( ) )
Next j
Console.WriteLine( )
' Generate the first six random doubles.
For j = 0 To 5
Console.Write( " {0:F8} ", randObj.NextDouble( ) )
Next j
Console.WriteLine( )
End Sub
' Create a Random object with the specified seed.
Sub FixedSeedRandoms( seed As Integer )
Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & _
"Random numbers from a Random object with " & _
"seed = {0}:", seed )
Dim fixRand As New Random( seed )
RunIntNDoubleRandoms( fixRand )
End Sub
' Create a random object with a timer-generated seed.
Sub AutoSeedRandoms( )
' Wait to allow the timer to advance.
Thread.Sleep( 1 )
Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & _
"Random numbers from a Random object " & _
"with an auto-generated seed:" )
Dim autoRand As New Random( )
RunIntNDoubleRandoms( autoRand )
End Sub
Sub Main( )
Console.WriteLine( _
"This example of the Random class constructors " & _
"and Random.NextDouble( ) " & vbCrLf & _
"generates the following output." & vbCrLf )
Console.WriteLine( "Create Random " & _
"objects, and then generate and display six " & _
"integers and " & vbCrLf & "six doubles from each." )
FixedSeedRandoms( 123 )
FixedSeedRandoms( 123 )
FixedSeedRandoms( 456 )
FixedSeedRandoms( 456 )
AutoSeedRandoms( )
AutoSeedRandoms( )
AutoSeedRandoms( )
End Sub
End Module
' This example of the Random class constructors and Random.NextDouble( )
' generates the following output.
'
' Create Random objects, and then generate and display six integers and
' six doubles from each.
'
' Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 123:
' 2114319875 1949518561 1596751841 1742987178 1586516133 103755708
' 0.01700087 0.14935942 0.19470390 0.63008947 0.90976122 0.49519146
'
' Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 123:
' 2114319875 1949518561 1596751841 1742987178 1586516133 103755708
' 0.01700087 0.14935942 0.19470390 0.63008947 0.90976122 0.49519146
'
' Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 456:
' 2044805024 1323311594 1087799997 1907260840 179380355 120870348
' 0.21988117 0.21026556 0.39236514 0.42420498 0.24102703 0.47310170
'
' Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 456:
' 2044805024 1323311594 1087799997 1907260840 179380355 120870348
' 0.21988117 0.21026556 0.39236514 0.42420498 0.24102703 0.47310170
'
' Random numbers from a Random object with an auto-generated seed:
' 1920831619 1346865774 2006582766 1968819760 332463652 110770792
' 0.71326689 0.50383335 0.50446082 0.66312569 0.94517193 0.58059287
'
' Random numbers from a Random object with an auto-generated seed:
' 254927927 1205531663 1984850027 110020849 1438111494 1697714106
' 0.19383387 0.52067738 0.74162783 0.35063667 0.31247720 0.38773733
'
' Random numbers from a Random object with an auto-generated seed:
' 736507882 1064197552 1963117288 398705585 396275689 1137173773
' 0.67440084 0.53752140 0.97879483 0.03814764 0.67978248 0.19488178
// Example of the Random class constructors and Random.NextDouble( )
// method.
using System;
using System.Threading;
public class RandomObjectDemo
{
// Generate random numbers from the specified Random object.
static void RunIntNDoubleRandoms( Random randObj )
{
// Generate the first six random integers.
for( int j = 0; j < 6; j++ )
Console.Write( " {0,10} ", randObj.Next( ) );
Console.WriteLine( );
// Generate the first six random doubles.
for( int j = 0; j < 6; j++ )
Console.Write( " {0:F8} ", randObj.NextDouble( ) );
Console.WriteLine( );
}
// Create a Random object with the specified seed.
static void FixedSeedRandoms( int seed )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"\nRandom numbers from a Random object with " +
"seed = {0}:", seed );
Random fixRand = new Random( seed );
RunIntNDoubleRandoms( fixRand );
}
// Create a random object with a timer-generated seed.
static void AutoSeedRandoms( )
{
// Wait to allow the timer to advance.
Thread.Sleep( 1 );
Console.WriteLine(
"\nRandom numbers from a Random object " +
"with an auto-generated seed:" );
Random autoRand = new Random( );
RunIntNDoubleRandoms( autoRand );
}
static void Main( )
{
Console.WriteLine(
"This example of the Random class constructors and " +
"Random.NextDouble( ) \n" +
"generates the following output.\n" );
Console.WriteLine(
"Create Random objects, and then generate and " +
"display six integers and \nsix doubles from each.");
FixedSeedRandoms( 123 );
FixedSeedRandoms( 123 );
FixedSeedRandoms( 456 );
FixedSeedRandoms( 456 );
AutoSeedRandoms( );
AutoSeedRandoms( );
AutoSeedRandoms( );
}
}
/*
This example of the Random class constructors and Random.NextDouble( )
generates the following output.
Create Random objects, and then generate and display six integers and
six doubles from each.
Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 123:
2114319875 1949518561 1596751841 1742987178 1586516133 103755708
0.01700087 0.14935942 0.19470390 0.63008947 0.90976122 0.49519146
Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 123:
2114319875 1949518561 1596751841 1742987178 1586516133 103755708
0.01700087 0.14935942 0.19470390 0.63008947 0.90976122 0.49519146
Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 456:
2044805024 1323311594 1087799997 1907260840 179380355 120870348
0.21988117 0.21026556 0.39236514 0.42420498 0.24102703 0.47310170
Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 456:
2044805024 1323311594 1087799997 1907260840 179380355 120870348
0.21988117 0.21026556 0.39236514 0.42420498 0.24102703 0.47310170
Random numbers from a Random object with an auto-generated seed:
380213349 127379247 1969091178 1983029819 1963098450 1648433124
0.08824121 0.41249688 0.36445811 0.05637512 0.62702451 0.49595560
Random numbers from a Random object with an auto-generated seed:
861793304 2133528783 1947358439 124230908 921262645 1087892791
0.56880819 0.42934091 0.60162512 0.74388610 0.99432979 0.30310005
Random numbers from a Random object with an auto-generated seed:
1343373259 1992194672 1925625700 412915644 2026910487 527352458
0.04937517 0.44618494 0.83879212 0.43139707 0.36163507 0.11024451
*/
// Example of the Random class constructors and Random::NextDouble( )
// method.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Threading;
// Generate random numbers from the specified Random object.
void RunIntNDoubleRandoms( Random^ randObj )
{
// Generate the first six random integers.
for ( int j = 0; j < 6; j++ )
Console::Write( " {0,10} ", randObj->Next() );
Console::WriteLine();
// Generate the first six random doubles.
for ( int j = 0; j < 6; j++ )
Console::Write( " {0:F8} ", randObj->NextDouble() );
Console::WriteLine();
}
// Create a Random object with the specified seed.
void FixedSeedRandoms( int seed )
{
Console::WriteLine( "\nRandom numbers from a Random object with seed = {0}:", seed );
Random^ fixRand = gcnew Random( seed );
RunIntNDoubleRandoms( fixRand );
}
// Create a random object with a timer-generated seed.
void AutoSeedRandoms()
{
// Wait to allow the timer to advance.
Thread::Sleep( 1 );
Console::WriteLine( "\nRandom numbers from a Random object "
"with an auto-generated seed:" );
Random^ autoRand = gcnew Random;
RunIntNDoubleRandoms( autoRand );
}
int main()
{
Console::WriteLine( "This example of the Random class constructors and Random"
"::NextDouble( ) \ngenerates the following output.\n" );
Console::WriteLine( "Create Random objects, and then generate and "
"display six integers and \nsix doubles from each." );
FixedSeedRandoms( 123 );
FixedSeedRandoms( 123 );
FixedSeedRandoms( 456 );
FixedSeedRandoms( 456 );
AutoSeedRandoms();
AutoSeedRandoms();
AutoSeedRandoms();
}
/*
This example of the Random class constructors and Random::NextDouble( )
generates the following output.
Create Random objects, and then generate and display six integers and
six doubles from each.
Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 123:
2114319875 1949518561 1596751841 1742987178 1586516133 103755708
0.01700087 0.14935942 0.19470390 0.63008947 0.90976122 0.49519146
Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 123:
2114319875 1949518561 1596751841 1742987178 1586516133 103755708
0.01700087 0.14935942 0.19470390 0.63008947 0.90976122 0.49519146
Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 456:
2044805024 1323311594 1087799997 1907260840 179380355 120870348
0.21988117 0.21026556 0.39236514 0.42420498 0.24102703 0.47310170
Random numbers from a Random object with seed = 456:
2044805024 1323311594 1087799997 1907260840 179380355 120870348
0.21988117 0.21026556 0.39236514 0.42420498 0.24102703 0.47310170
Random numbers from a Random object with an auto-generated seed:
1624372556 1894939458 302472229 588108304 23919954 1085111949
0.14595512 0.30162298 0.92267372 0.55707657 0.25430079 0.74143239
Random numbers from a Random object with an auto-generated seed:
2105952511 1753605347 280739490 876793040 1129567796 524571616
0.62652210 0.31846701 0.15984073 0.24458755 0.62160607 0.54857684
Random numbers from a Random object with an auto-generated seed:
440048819 1612271236 259006751 1165477776 87731991 2111514930
0.10708907 0.33531104 0.39700773 0.93209853 0.98891135 0.35572129
*/
상속 계층 구조
System.Object
System.Random
스레드로부터의 안전성
이 형식의 모든 public static(Visual Basic의 경우 Shared) 멤버는 스레드로부터 안전합니다. 인터페이스 멤버는 스레드로부터 안전하지 않습니다.
플랫폼
Windows 98, Windows 2000 SP4, Windows CE, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows Mobile for Pocket PC, Windows Mobile for Smartphone, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows XP SP2, Windows XP Starter Edition
.NET Framework에서 모든 플래폼의 모든 버전을 지원하지는 않습니다. 지원되는 버전의 목록은 시스템 요구 사항을 참조하십시오.
버전 정보
.NET Framework
2.0, 1.1, 1.0에서 지원
.NET Compact Framework
2.0, 1.0에서 지원