여러 형식의 배열 마샬링
업데이트: 2007년 11월
이 샘플에서는 다음의 배열 형식을 전달하는 방법을 보여 줍니다.
정수 배열을 값으로
정수 배열을 참조로(크기 조정 가능)
다차원 정수 배열(매트릭스)을 값으로
문자열 배열을 값으로
정수가 포함된 구조체의 배열
문자열이 포함된 구조체의 배열
배열이 명시적으로 참조로 마샬링되지 않는 경우 기본 동작은 배열을 In 매개 변수로 마샬링하는 것입니다. InAttribute 및 OutAttribute 특성을 명시적으로 적용하면 이 동작을 변경할 수 있습니다.
Arrays 샘플에서는 다음의 관리되지 않는 함수를 사용합니다. 이 함수들은 원래의 함수 선언과 함께 표시되어 있습니다.
PinvokeLib.dll에서 내보낸 TestArrayOfInts
int TestArrayOfInts(int* pArray, int pSize);PinvokeLib.dll에서 내보낸 TestRefArrayOfInts
int TestRefArrayOfInts(int** ppArray, int* pSize);PinvokeLib.dll에서 내보낸 TestMatrixOfInts
int TestMatrixOfInts(int pMatrix[][COL_DIM], int row);PinvokeLib.dll에서 내보낸 TestArrayOfStrings
int TestArrayOfStrings(char** ppStrArray, int size);PinvokeLib.dll에서 내보낸 TestArrayOfStructs
int TestArrayOfStructs(MYPOINT* pPointArray, int size);PinvokeLib.dll에서 내보낸 TestArrayOfStructs2
int TestArrayOfStructs2 (MYPERSON* pPersonArray, int size);
PinvokeLib.dll은 이러한 함수와 두 개의 구조체 변수인 MYPOINT 및 MYPERSON에 대한 구현이 포함된, 관리되지 않는 사용자 지정 라이브러리입니다. 이 구조체에는 다음 요소가 포함되어 있습니다.
typedef struct _MYPOINT
{
int x;
int y;
} MYPOINT;
typedef struct _MYPERSON
{
char* first;
char* last;
} MYPERSON;
이 샘플에서, MyPoint 및 MyPerson 구조체에는 포함된 형식이 포함되어 있습니다. 멤버가 나타나는 순서에 따라 메모리에 순차적으로 정렬되도록 StructLayoutAttribute 특성이 설정됩니다.
LibWrap 클래스에는 App 클래스에서 호출하는 메서드 집합이 포함되어 있습니다. 배열 전달에 대한 자세한 내용은 다음 샘플을 참조하십시오. 참조 형식인 배열은 기본적으로 In 매개 변수를 통해 전달됩니다. 호출자가 결과를 받으려면 해당 배열이 포함된 인수에 InAttribute 및 OutAttribute가 명시적으로 적용되어야 합니다.
다음 코드 예제의 소스 코드는 .NET Framework Platform Invoke 기술 샘플을 통해 제공됩니다.
프로토타입 선언
' Declares a managed structure for each unmanaged structure.
< StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential )> _
Public Structure MyPoint
Public x As Integer
Public y As Integer
Public Sub New( x As Integer, y As Integer )
Me.x = x
Me.y = y
End Sub 'New
End Structure 'MyPoint
< StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet:=CharSet.Ansi )> _
Public Structure MyPerson
Public first As String
Public last As String
Public Sub New( first As String, last As String )
Me.first = first
Me.last = last
End Sub 'New
End Structure 'MyPerson
Public Class LibWrap
' Declares a managed prototype for an array of integers by value.
' The array size cannot be changed, but the array is copied back.
Declare Function TestArrayOfInts Lib "..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll" ( _
<[In], Out> ByVal myArray() As Integer, ByVal size As Integer ) _
As Integer
' Declares managed prototype for an array of integers by reference.
' The array size can change, but the array is not copied back
' automatically because the marshaler does not know the resulting size.
' The copy must be performed manually.
Declare Function TestRefArrayOfInts Lib "..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll" ( _
ByRef myArray As IntPtr, ByRef size As Integer ) As Integer
' Declares a managed prototype for a matrix of integers by value.
Declare Function TestMatrixOfInts Lib "..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll" ( _
<[In], Out> ByVal matrix(,) As Integer, ByVal row As Integer ) _
As Integer
' Declares a managed prototype for an array of strings by value.
Declare Function TestArrayOfStrings Lib "..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll" ( _
<[In], Out> ByVal strArray() As String, ByVal size As Integer ) _
As Integer
' Declares a managed prototype for an array of structures with
' integers.
Declare Function TestArrayOfStructs Lib "..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll" ( _
<[In], Out> ByVal pointArray() As MyPoint, _
ByVal size As Integer ) As Integer
' Declares a managed prototype for an array of structures with strings.
Declare Function TestArrayOfStructs2 Lib "..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll" ( _
<[In], Out> ByVal personArray() As MyPerson, ByVal size _
As Integer ) As Integer
End Class 'LibWrap
// Declares a managed structure for each unmanaged structure.
[ StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential )]
public struct MyPoint
{
public int x;
public int y;
public MyPoint( int x, int y )
{
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
}
[ StructLayout( LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi )]
public struct MyPerson
{
public String first;
public String last;
public MyPerson( String first, String last )
{
this.first = first;
this.last = last;
}
}
public class LibWrap
{
// Declares a managed prototype for an array of integers by value.
// The array size cannot be changed, but the array is copied back.
[ DllImport( "..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll" )]
public static extern int TestArrayOfInts([In, Out] int[] array, int size );
// Declares a managed prototype for an array of integers by reference.
// The array size can change, but the array is not copied back
// automatically because the marshaler does not know the resulting size.
// The copy must be performed manually.
[ DllImport( "..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll" )]
public static extern int TestRefArrayOfInts( ref IntPtr array,
ref int size );
// Declares a managed prototype for a matrix of integers by value.
[ DllImport( "..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll" )]
public static extern int TestMatrixOfInts([In, Out] int[,] pMatrix,
int row );
// Declares a managed prototype for an array of strings by value.
[ DllImport( "..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll" )]
public static extern int TestArrayOfStrings( [In, Out]
String[] stringArray, int size );
// Declares a managed prototype for an array of structures with integers.
[ DllImport( "..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll" )]
public static extern int TestArrayOfStructs([In, Out] MyPoint[]
pointArray, int size );
// Declares a managed prototype for an array of structures with strings.
[ DllImport( "..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll" )]
public static extern int TestArrayOfStructs2( [In, Out]
MyPerson[] personArray, int size );
}
함수 호출
Public Class App
Public Shared Sub Main()
' array ByVal
Dim array1(9) As Integer
Console.WriteLine( "Integer array passed ByVal before call:" )
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To array1.Length - 1
array1(i) = i
Console.Write( " " & array1(i) )
Next i
Dim sum1 As Integer = LibWrap.TestArrayOfInts( array1, array1._
Length )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & "Sum of elements:" & sum1 )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & "Integer array passed _
ByVal after call:" )
For Each i In array1
Console.Write( " " & i )
Next i
' array ByRef
Dim array2(9) As Integer
Dim arraySize As Integer = array2.Length
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars.CrLf & _
"Integer array passed ByRef before call:" )
For i = 0 To array2.Length - 1
array2(i) = i
Console.Write( " " & array2(i) )
Next i
Dim buffer As IntPtr = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem( Marshal.SizeOf( _
arraySize ) * array2.Length )
Marshal.Copy( array2, 0, buffer, array2.Length )
Dim sum2 As Integer = LibWrap.TestRefArrayOfInts( buffer, _
arraySize )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & "Sum of elements:" & sum2 )
If arraySize > 0 Then
Dim arrayRes( arraySize - 1 ) As Integer
Marshal.Copy( buffer, arrayRes, 0, arraySize )
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem( buffer )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & "Integer array _
passed ByRef after call:" )
For Each i In arrayRes
Console.Write( " " & i )
Next i
Else
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & "Array after call _
is empty" )
End If
' matrix ByVal
Const [DIM] As Integer = 4
Dim matrix([DIM], [DIM]) As Integer
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars.CrLf & _
"Matrix before call:" )
For i = 0 To [DIM]
Dim j As Integer
For j = 0 To [DIM]
matrix(i, j) = j
Console.Write( " " & matrix(i, j) )
Next j
Console.WriteLine( "" )
Next i
Dim sum3 As Integer = LibWrap.TestMatrixOfInts( matrix, [DIM] + 1 )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & "Sum of elements:" & sum3 )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & "Matrix after call:" )
For i = 0 To [DIM]
Dim j As Integer
For j = 0 To [DIM]
Console.Write( " " & matrix(i, j) )
Next j
Console.WriteLine( "" )
Next i
' string array ByVal
Dim strArray As String() = { "one", "two", "three", "four", _
"five" }
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars.CrLf & _
"String array before call:" )
Dim s As String
For Each s In strArray
Console.Write( " " & s )
Next s
Dim lenSum As Integer = LibWrap.TestArrayOfStrings( _
strArray, strArray.Length )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & _
"Sum of string lengths:" & lenSum )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & "String array after call:" )
For Each s In strArray
Console.Write( " " & s )
Next s
' struct array ByVal
Dim points As MyPoint() = { New MyPoint(1, 1), New MyPoint(2, 2), _
New MyPoint(3, 3) }
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars.CrLf & _
"Points array before call:" )
Dim p As MyPoint
For Each p In points
Console.WriteLine( "x = {0}, y = {1}", p.x, p.y )
Next p
Dim allSum As Integer = LibWrap.TestArrayOfStructs( points, _
points.Length )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & "Sum of points:" & allSum )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & "Points array after call:" )
For Each p In points
Console.WriteLine( "x = {0}, y = {1}", p.x, p.y )
Next p
' struct with strings array ByVal
Dim persons As MyPerson() = { _New MyPerson( "Kim", "Akers" ), _
New MyPerson( "Adam", "Barr" ), _
New MyPerson( "Jo", "Brown" )}
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars.CrLf & _
"Persons array before call:" )
Dim pe As MyPerson
For Each pe In persons
Console.WriteLine( "first = {0}, last = {1}", pe.first, pe.last )
Next pe
Dim namesSum As Integer = LibWrap.TestArrayOfStructs2( persons, _
persons.Length )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & "Sum of name lengths:" & _
namesSum )
Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars._
CrLf & "Persons array after call:" )
For Each pe In persons
Console.WriteLine( "first = {0}, last = {1}", pe.first, pe.last )
Next pe
End Sub 'Main
End Class 'App
public class App
{
public static void Main()
{
// array ByVal
int[] array1 = new int[ 10 ];
Console.WriteLine( "Integer array passed ByVal before call:" );
for( int i = 0; i < array1.Length; i++ )
{
array1[ i ] = i;
Console.Write( " " + array1[ i ] );
}
int sum1 = LibWrap.TestArrayOfInts( array1, array1.Length );
Console.WriteLine( "\nSum of elements:" + sum1 );
Console.WriteLine( "\nInteger array passed ByVal after call:" );
foreach( int i in array1 )
{
Console.Write( " " + i );
}
// array ByRef
int[] array2 = new int[ 10 ];
int size = array2.Length;
Console.WriteLine( "\n\nInteger array passed ByRef before call:" );
for( int i = 0; i < array2.Length; i++ )
{
array2[ i ] = i;
Console.Write( " " + array2[ i ] );
}
IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem( Marshal.SizeOf( size )
* array2.Length );
Marshal.Copy( array2, 0, buffer, array2.Length );
int sum2 = LibWrap.TestRefArrayOfInts( ref buffer, ref size );
Console.WriteLine( "\nSum of elements:" + sum2 );
if( size > 0 )
{
int[] arrayRes = new int[ size ];
Marshal.Copy( buffer, arrayRes, 0, size );
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem( buffer );
Console.WriteLine( "\nInteger array passed ByRef after call:" );
foreach( int i in arrayRes )
{
Console.Write( " " + i );
}
}
else
Console.WriteLine( "\nArray after call is empty" );
// matrix ByVal
const int DIM = 5;
int[,] matrix = new int[ DIM, DIM ];
Console.WriteLine( "\n\nMatrix before call:" );
for( int i = 0; i < DIM; i++ )
{
for( int j = 0; j < DIM; j++ )
{
matrix[ i, j ] = j;
Console.Write( " " + matrix[ i, j ] );
}
Console.WriteLine( "" );
}
int sum3 = LibWrap.TestMatrixOfInts( matrix, DIM );
Console.WriteLine( "\nSum of elements:" + sum3 );
Console.WriteLine( "\nMatrix after call:" );
for( int i = 0; i < DIM; i++ )
{
for( int j = 0; j < DIM; j++ )
{
Console.Write( " " + matrix[ i, j ] );
}
Console.WriteLine( "" );
}
// string array ByVal
String[] strArray = { "one", "two", "three", "four", "five" };
Console.WriteLine( "\n\nString array before call:" );
foreach( String s in strArray )
Console.Write( " "+ s );
int lenSum = LibWrap.TestArrayOfStrings( strArray, strArray.Length );
Console.WriteLine( "\nSum of string lengths:" + lenSum );
Console.WriteLine( "\nString array after call:" );
foreach( String s in strArray )
{
Console.Write( " " + s );
}
// struct array ByVal
MyPoint[] points = { new MyPoint(1,1), new MyPoint(2,2), new MyPoint(3,3) };
Console.WriteLine( "\n\nPoints array before call:" );
foreach( MyPoint p in points )
Console.WriteLine( "x = {0}, y = {1}", p.x, p.y );
int allSum = LibWrap.TestArrayOfStructs( points, points.Length );
Console.WriteLine( "\nSum of points:" + allSum );
Console.WriteLine( "\nPoints array after call:" );
foreach( MyPoint p in points )
Console.WriteLine( "x = {0}, y = {1}", p.x, p.y );
// struct with strings array ByVal
MyPerson[] persons = { new MyPerson( "Kim", "Akers" ),
new MyPerson( "Adam", "Barr" ), new MyPerson( "Jo", "Brown" )};
Console.WriteLine( "\n\nPersons array before call:" );
foreach( MyPerson pe in persons )
Console.WriteLine( "first = {0}, last = {1}", pe.first, pe.last );
int namesSum = LibWrap.TestArrayOfStructs2( persons, persons.Length );
Console.WriteLine( "\nSum of name lengths:" + namesSum );
Console.WriteLine( "\n\nPersons array after call:" );
foreach( MyPerson pe in persons )
Console.WriteLine( "first = {0}, last = {1}", pe.first, pe.last );
}
}