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JavaScript Console commands in Visual Studio

  • 아티클

Applies to: yesVisual Studio noVisual Studio for Mac

Note

This article applies to Visual Studio 2017. If you're looking for the latest Visual Studio documentation, see Visual Studio documentation. We recommend upgrading to the latest version of Visual Studio. Download it here

You can use commands to send messages and perform other tasks in the JavaScript Console window of Visual Studio. For examples that show how to use this window, see QuickStart: Debug JavaScript. The information in this topic applies to Node.js app, UWP apps, and apps created using Visual Studio Tools for Apache Cordova.

If the JavaScript Console window is closed, you can open it while you're debugging in Visual Studio by choosing Debug > Windows > JavaScript Console.

Note

If the window is not available during a debugging session, make sure that the debugger type is set to Script in the Debug properties for the project.

For info on using the console in Microsoft Edge Developer tools, see this topic.

console object commands

This table shows the syntax for the console object commands that you can use in the JavaScript Console window, or that you can use to send messages to the console from your code. This object provides a number of forms so that you can distinguish between informational messages and error messages, if you want to.

You can use the longer command form window.console.[command] if you need to avoid possible confusion with local objects named console.

Tip

Older versions of Visual Studio do not support the complete set of commands. Use IntelliSense on the console object to get quick information about supported commands.

Command Description Example
assert(expression, message) Sends a message if expression evaluates to false. console.assert((x == 1), "assert message: x != 1");
clear() Clears messages from the console window, including script-error messages, and also clears script that appears in the console window. Does not clear script that you entered into the console input prompt. console.clear();
count(title) Sends the number of times that the count command was called to the console window. Each call to count is uniquely identified by the optional title.

The existing entry in the console window is identified by the title parameter (if present) and updated by the count command. A new entry is not created.		 console.count();

console.count("inner loop");
debug(message) Sends message to the console window.

This command is identical to console.log.

Objects that are passed by using the command are converted to a string value.		 console.debug("logging message");
dir(object) Sends the specified object to the console window and displays it in an object visualizer. You can use the visualizer to inspect properties in the console window. console.dir(obj);
dirxml(object) Sends the specified XML node object to the console window and displays it as an XML node tree. console.dirxaml(xmlNode);
error(message) Sends message to the console window. The message text is red and prefaced by an error symbol.

Objects that are passed by using the command are converted to a string value.		 console.error("error message");
group(title) Starts a grouping for messages that are sent to the console window, and sends the optional title as a group label. Groups can be nested and appear in a tree view in the console window.

The group* commands can make it easier to view console window output in some scenarios, such as when a component model is in use.		 console.group("Level 2 Header");
console.log("Level 2");
console.group();
console.log("Level 3");
console.warn("More of level 3");
console.groupEnd();
console.log("Back to level 2");
console.groupEnd();
console.debug("Back to the outer level");
groupCollapsed(title) Starts a grouping for messages that are sent to the console window, and sends the optional title as a group label. Groups that are sent by using groupCollapsed appear in a collapsed view by default. Groups can be nested and appear in a tree view in the console window. Usage is the same as the group command.

See the example for the group command.
groupEnd() Ends the current group.

Requirements:

Visual Studio 2013		 See the example for the group command.
info(message) Sends message to the console window. The message is prefaced by an information symbol. console.info("info message");

For more examples, see Formatting console.log output later in this topic.
log(message) Sends message to the console window.

If you pass an object, this command sends that object to the console window and displays it in an object visualizer. You can use the visualizer to inspect properties in the console window.		 console.log("logging message");
msIsIndependentlyComposed(element) Used in web apps. Not supported in UWP apps using JavaScript. Not supported.
profile(reportName) Used in web apps. Not supported in UWP apps using JavaScript. Not supported.
profileEnd() Used in web apps. Not supported in UWP apps using JavaScript. Not supported.
select(element) Selects the specified HTML element in the DOM Explorer. console.select(element);
time (name) Starts a timer that's identified by the optional name parameter. When used with console.timeEnd, calculates the time that elapses between time and timeEnd, and sends the result (measured in ms) to the console using the name string as a prefix. Used to enable instrumentation of app code for measuring performance. console.time("app start"); app.start(); console.timeEnd("app start");
timeEnd(name) Stops a timer that's identified by the optional name parameter. See the time console command. console.time("app start"); app.start(); console.timeEnd("app start");
trace() Sends a stack trace to the console window. The trace includes the complete call stack, and includes info such as filename, line number, and column number. console.trace();
warn(message) Sends message to the console window, prefaced by a warning symbol.

Objects that are passed by using the command are converted to a string value.		 console.warn("warning message");

Miscellaneous commands

These commands are also available in the JavaScript Console window (they are not available from code).

Command Description Example
$0, $1, $2, $3, $4 Returns the specified element to the console window. $0 returns the element currently selected in DOM Explorer, $1 returns the element previously selected in DOM Explorer, and so on, up to the fourth previously selected element. $3
$(id) Returns an element by ID. This is a shortcut command for document.getElementById(id), where id is a string that represents the element ID. $("contenthost")
$$(selector) Returns an array of elements that match the specified selector using CSS selector syntax. This is a shortcut command for document.querySelectorAll(). $$(".itemlist")
cd()

cd(window)		 Enables you to change the context for expression evaluation from the default top-level window of the page to the window of the specified frame. Calling cd() without parameters returns the context to the top-level window. cd();

cd(myframe);
select(element) Selects the specified element in DOM Explorer. select(document.getElementById("element"));

select($("element"));

select($1);
dir(object) Returns a visualizer for the specified object. You can use the visualizer to inspect properties in the console window. dir(obj);

Checking whether a console command exists

You can check whether a specific command exists before attempting to use it. This example checks for the existence of the console.log command. If console.log exists, the code calls it.

if (console && console.log) {
    console.log("msg");
}

Examining objects in the JavaScript Console window

You can interact with any object that's in scope when you use the JavaScript Console window. To inspect an out-of-scope object in the console window, use console.log , console.dir, or other commands from your code. Alternatively, you can interact with the object from the console window while it is in scope by setting a breakpoint in your code (Breakpoint > Insert Breakpoint).

Formatting console.log output

If you pass multiple arguments to console.log, the console will treat the arguments as an array and concatenate the output.

var user = new Object();
user.first = "Fred";
user.last = "Smith";

console.log(user.first, user.last);
// Output:
// Fred Smith

console.log also supports "printf" substitution patterns to format output. If you use substitution patterns in the first argument, additional arguments will be used to replace the specified patterns in the order they are used.

The following substitution patterns are supported:

  • %s - string %i - integer %d - integer %f - float %o - object %b - binary %x - hexadecimal %e - exponent

    Here are some examples of using substitution patterns in console.log:

var user = new Object();
user.first = "Fred";
user.last = "Smith";
user.age = 10.01;
console.log("Hi, %s %s!", user.first, user.last);
console.log("%s is %i years old!", user.first, user.age);
console.log("%s is %f years old!", user.first, user.age);

// Output:
// Hi, Fred Smith!
// Fred is 10 years old!
// Fred is 10.01 years old!

See also