_control87, _controlfp
Get and set the floating-point control word.
unsignedint_control87(unsignedintnew**,unsignedintmask);**
unsignedint_controlfp(unsignedintnew**,unsignedintmask);**
| Routine | Required Header | Compatibility |
| _control87 | <float.h> | Win 95, Win NT |
| _controlfp | <float.h> | Win 95, Win NT |
For additional compatibility information, see Compatibility in the Introduction.
Libraries
| LIBC.LIB | Single thread static library, retail version |
| LIBCMT.LIB | Multithread static library, retail version |
| MSVCRT.LIB | Import library for MSVCRT.DLL, retail version |
Return Value
The bits in the value returned indicate the floating-point control state. See FLOAT.H for a complete definition of the bits returned by _control87.
Parameters
new
New control-word bit values
mask
Mask for new control-word bits to set
Remarks
The _control87 function gets and sets the floating-point control word. The floating-point control word allows the program to change the precision, rounding, and infinity modes in the floating-point math package. You can also mask or unmask floating-point exceptions using _control87. If the value for mask is equal to 0, _control87 gets the floating-point control word. If mask is nonzero, a new value for the control word is set: For any bit that is on (equal to 1) in mask, the corresponding bit in new is used to update the control word. In other words, fpcntrl**= ((fpcntrl& ~mask) | (new & mask))** where fpcntrl is the floating-point control word.
Note The run-time libraries mask all floating-point exceptions by default.
_controlfp is a platform-independent, portable version of _control87. It is nearly identical to the _control87 function on Intel (x86) platforms and is also supported by the MIPS and ALPHA platforms. To ensure that your floating-point code is portable to MIPS or ALPHA, use _controlfp. If you are targeting x86 platforms, use either _control87 or _controlfp.
The difference between _control87 and _controlfp is the way these two functions treat DENORMAL values. For Intel (x86) platforms, _control87 can set and clear the DENORMAL OPERAND exception mask. ALPHA platforms do not support this exception, and _controlfp does not modify the DENORMAL OPERAND exception mask. The following example demonstrates the difference:
_control87( _EM_INVALID, _MCW_EM ); // DENORMAL is unmasked by this call
_controlfp( _EM_INVALID, _MCW_EM ); // DENORMAL exception mask remains unchanged
The possible values for the mask constant (mask) and new control values (new) are shown in Table R.1. Use the portable constants listed below (_MCW_EM, _EM_INVALID, and so forth) as arguments to these functions, rather than supplying the hexadecimal values explicitly.
ALPHA platforms support the DENORMAL input and output values in software. The default behavior of Windows NT on these platforms is to flush the DENORMAL input and output values to zero. _controlfp provides a new mask to preserve and flush the input and output DENORMAL values.
Intel (x86) platforms support the DENORMAL input and output values in hardware. The behavior is to preserve DENORMAL values. _control87 does not provide a mask to change this behavior. The following example demonstrates this difference:
controlfp( _DN_SAVE, _MCW_DN); // Denormal values preserved by software on ALPHA. NOP on x86
controlfp( _DN_FLUSH, _MCW_DN); // Denormal values flushed to zero by hardware on Alpha. Ignored on x86
Table R.1 Hexadecimal Values
| Mask | Hex Value | Constant | Hex Value |
| _MCW_DN (Denormal control) | 0x03000000 | _DN_SAVE _DN_FLUSH |
0x00000000 0x01000000 |
| _MCW_EM (Interrupt exception) | 0x0008001F | _EM_INVALID _EM_DENORMAL _EM_ZERODIVIDE _EM_OVERFLOW _EM_UNDERFLOW _EM_INEXACT |
0x00000010 0x00080000 0x00000008 0x00000004 0x00000002 0x00000001 |
| _MCW_IC (Infinity control) | 0x00040000 | _IC_AFFINE _IC_PROJECTIVE |
0x00040000 0x00000000 |
| _MCW_RC (Rounding control) | 0x00000300 | _RC_CHOP _RC_UP _RC_DOWN _RC_NEAR |
0x00000300 0x00000200 0x00000100 0x00000000 |
| _MCW_PC (Precision control) | 0x00030000 | _PC_24 (24 bits) _PC_53 (53 bits) _PC_64 (64 bits) |
0x00020000 0x00010000 0x00000000 |
Example
/* CNTRL87.C: This program uses _control87 to output the control
* word, set the precision to 24 bits, and reset the status to
* the default.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <float.h>
void main( void )
{
double a = 0.1;
/* Show original control word and do calculation. */
printf( "Original: 0x%.4x\n", _control87( 0, 0 ) );
printf( "%1.1f * %1.1f = %.15e\n", a, a, a * a );
/* Set precision to 24 bits and recalculate. */
printf( "24-bit: 0x%.4x\n", _control87( _PC_24, MCW_PC ) );
printf( "%1.1f * %1.1f = %.15e\n", a, a, a * a );
/* Restore to default and recalculate. */
printf( "Default: 0x%.4x\n",
_control87( _CW_DEFAULT, 0xfffff ) );
printf( "%1.1f * %1.1f = %.15e\n", a, a, a * a );
}
Output
Original: 0x9001f
0.1 * 0.1 = 1.000000000000000e-002
24-bit: 0xa001f
0.1 * 0.1 = 9.999999776482582e-003
Default: 0x001f
0.1 * 0.1 = 1.000000000000000e-002