How to manage a Hyperscale database

Applies to: Azure SQL Database

The Hyperscale service tier provides a highly scalable storage and compute performance tier that leverages the Azure architecture to scale out storage and compute resources for an Azure SQL Database substantially beyond the limits available for the General Purpose and Business Critical service tiers. This article describes how to carry out essential administration tasks for Hyperscale databases, including migrating an existing database to Hyperscale, restoring a Hyperscale database to a different region, reverse migrating from Hyperscale to another service tier, and monitoring the status of ongoing and recent operations against a Hyperscale database.

Learn how to create a new Hyperscale database in Quickstart: Create a Hyperscale database in Azure SQL Database.

Tip

Simplified pricing for SQL Database Hyperscale in December 2023. Review the Hyperscale pricing blog for details.

Migrate an existing database to Hyperscale

You can migrate existing databases in Azure SQL Database to Hyperscale using the Azure portal, the Azure CLI, PowerShell, or Transact-SQL.

The time required to move an existing database to Hyperscale consists of the time to copy data and the time to replay the changes made in the source database while copying data. The data copy time is proportional to data size. We recommend migrating to Hyperscale during a lower write activity period so that the time to replay accumulated changes is shorter.

You'll only experience a short period of downtime, generally a few minutes, during the final cutover to the Hyperscale service tier.

Prerequisites

To move a database that is a part of a geo-replication relationship, either as the primary or as a secondary, to Hyperscale, you need to first terminate data replication between the primary and secondary replica. Databases in a failover group must be removed from the group first.

Once a database has been moved to Hyperscale, you can create a new Hyperscale geo-replica for that database.

How to migrate a database to the Hyperscale service tier

To migrate an existing database in Azure SQL Database to the Hyperscale service tier, first identify your target service objective. Review resource limits for single databases if you aren't sure which service objective is right for your database. In many cases, you can choose a service objective with the same number of vCores and the same hardware generation as the original database. If needed, you are able to change the service objective with minimal downtime.

Select the tab for your preferred tool to migrate your database:

Portal

The Azure portal enables you to migrate to the Hyperscale service tier by modifying the pricing tier for your database.

1. Navigate to the database you wish to migrate in the Azure portal.
2. In the left navigation bar, select Compute + storage.
3. Select the Service tier dropdown list to expand the options for service tiers.
4. Select Hyperscale (On-demand scalable storage) from the dropdown list menu.
5. Review the Hardware Configuration listed. If desired, select Change configuration to select the appropriate hardware configuration for your workload.
6. Select the vCores slider if you wish to change the number of vCores available for your database under the Hyperscale service tier.
7. Select the High-AvailabilitySecondaryReplicas slider if you wish to change the number of replicas under the Hyperscale service tier.
8. Select Apply.

You can monitor operations for a Hyperscale database while the operation is ongoing.

Azure CLI

This code sample calls az sql db update to migrate an existing database in Azure SQL Database to the Hyperscale service tier. You must specify both the edition and service objective.

Replace resourceGroupName, serverName, databaseName, and serviceObjective with the appropriate values before running the following code sample:

resourceGroupName="myResourceGroup"
serverName="server01"
databaseName="mySampleDatabase"
serviceObjective="HS_Gen5_2"

az sql db update -g $resourceGroupName -s $serverName -n $databaseName \
    --edition Hyperscale --service-objective $serviceObjective

You can monitor operations for a Hyperscale database while the operation is ongoing.

PowerShell

The following example uses the Set-AzSqlDatabase cmdlet to migrate an existing database in Azure SQL Database to the Hyperscale service tier. You must specify both the edition and service objective.

Replace $resourceGroupName, $serverName, $databaseName, and $serviceObjective with the appropriate values before running this code sample:

$resourceGroupName = "myResourceGroup"
$serverName = "server01"
$databaseName = "mySampleDatabase"
$serviceObjective = "HS_Gen5_2"

Set-AzSqlDatabase -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName `
    -DatabaseName $databaseName -Edition "Hyperscale" `
    -RequestedServiceObjectiveName $serviceObjective

You can monitor operations for a Hyperscale database while the operation is ongoing.

Transact-SQL

To migrate an existing database in Azure SQL Database to the Hyperscale service tier with Transact-SQL, first connect to the master database on your logical SQL server using the Azure portal Query editor for Azure SQL Database, SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) or Azure Data Studio.

You must specify both the edition and service objective in the ALTER DATABASE statement.

This example statement migrates a database named mySampleDatabase to the Hyperscale service tier with the HS_Gen5_2 service objective. Replace the database name with the appropriate value before executing the statement.

ALTER DATABASE [mySampleDatabase]
    MODIFY (EDITION = 'Hyperscale', SERVICE_OBJECTIVE = 'HS_Gen5_2');
GO

You can monitor operations for a Hyperscale database while the operation is ongoing.

Reverse migrate from Hyperscale

Reverse migration to the General Purpose service tier allows customers who have recently migrated an existing database in Azure SQL Database to the Hyperscale service tier to move back in an emergency, should Hyperscale not meet their needs. While reverse migration is initiated by a service tier change, it's essentially a size-of-data move between different architectures.

Limitations for reverse migration

Reverse migration is available under the following conditions:

• Reverse migration is only available within 45 days of the original migration to Hyperscale.
• Databases originally created in the Hyperscale service tier aren't eligible for reverse migration.
• You might reverse migrate to the General Purpose service tier only. Your migration from Hyperscale to General Purpose can target either the serverless or provisioned compute tiers. If you wish to migrate the database to another service tier, such as Business Critical or a DTU based service tier, first reverse migrate to the General Purpose service tier, then change the service tier.
• Reverse migration to databases with less than 2 vcores is not supported. You can scale the database down to fewer than 2 vcores once the migration is complete.
• Direct reverse migration from, or to, an elastic pool isn't supported. You can reverse migrate only a Hyperscale single database to a General Purpose single database.
  • If the Hyperscale database is part of a Hyperscale elastic pool (preview), you have to first remove it from the Hyperscale elastic pool prior to reverse migration.
  • After reverse migration is complete, you can then optionally add the General Purpose single database to a General Purpose elastic pool if needed.
• For databases that don't qualify for reverse migration, the only way to migrate from Hyperscale to a non-Hyperscale service tier is to export/import using a bacpac file or other data movement technologies (Bulk Copy, Azure Data Factory, Azure Databricks, SSIS, etc.) Bacpac export/import from Azure portal, from PowerShell using New-AzSqlDatabaseExport or New-AzSqlDatabaseImport, from Azure CLI using az sql db export and az sql db import, and from REST API isn't supported. Bacpac import/export for smaller Hyperscale databases (up to 150 GB) is supported using SSMS and SqlPackage version 18.4 and later. For larger databases, bacpac export/import might take a long time, and can fail for various reasons.

Duration and downtime

Unlike regular service level objective change operations in Hyperscale, migrating to Hyperscale and reverse migration to General Purpose are size-of-data operations.

The duration of a reverse migration operation depends mainly on the size of the database and concurrent write activities happening during the migration. The number of vCores you assign to the target General Purpose database also impacts the duration of the reverse migration. We recommend that you provision the target General Purpose database with a number of vCores greater than or equal to the number of vCores assigned to the source Hyperscale database to sustain similar workloads.

During reverse migration, the source Hyperscale database can experience performance degradation if under substantial load. Specifically, transaction log rate might be reduced (throttled) to ensure that reverse migration is making progress.

You'll experience a short period of downtime, generally a few minutes, during the final cutover to the new target General Purpose database.

Prerequisites

Before you initiate a reverse migration from Hyperscale to the General Purpose service tier, you must ensure that your database meets the limitations for reverse migration and:

• Your database doesn't have Geo Replication enabled.
• Your database doesn't have named replicas.
• Your database (allocated size) is small enough to fit into the target service tier.
• If you specify max database size for the target General Purpose database, ensure the allocated size of the database is small enough to fit into that maximum size.

Prerequisite checks occur before a reverse migration operation starts. If prerequisites aren't met, the reverse migration operation fails immediately.

Backup policies

You are billed using the regular pricing for all existing database backups within the configured retention period. You are billed for the Hyperscale backup storage snapshots and for size-of-data storage blobs that must be retained to be able to restore the backup.

You can migrate a database to Hyperscale and reverse migrate back to General Purpose multiple times. Only backups from the current and once-previous tier of your database are available for restore. If you have moved from the General Purpose service tier to Hyperscale and back to General Purpose, the only backups available are the ones from the current General Purpose database and the immediately previous Hyperscale database. These retained backups are billed as per Azure SQL Database billing. Any previous tiers tried won't have backups available and will not be billed.

For example, you could migrate between Hyperscale and non-Hyperscale service tiers:

1. General Purpose
2. Migrate to Hyperscale
3. Reverse migrate to General Purpose
4. Service tier change to Business Critical
5. Migrate to Hyperscale
6. Reverse migrate to General Purpose

In this case, the only backups available would be from steps 5 and 6 of the timeline, if they are still within the configured retention period. Any backups from previous steps would be unavailable. Carefully consider the availability of backups when attempting repeated migrations of the same database between the Hyperscale and the General Purpose service tiers. Backups of databases older than the immediately previous database become unavailable as soon as a reverse migration is started and remain unavailable even if the migration is canceled.

How to reverse migrate a Hyperscale database to the General Purpose service tier

To reverse migrate an existing Hyperscale database in Azure SQL Database to the General Purpose service tier, first identify your target service objective in the General Purpose service tier and whether you wish to migrate to the provisioned or serverless compute tiers. Review resource limits for single databases if you aren't sure which service objective is right for your database.

If you wish to perform an additional service tier change after reverse migrating to General Purpose, identify your eventual target service objective as well and ensure that your database's allocated size is small enough to fit in that service objective.

Select the tab for your preferred method to reverse migrate your database:

Portal

The Azure portal enables you to reverse migrate to the General Purpose service tier by modifying the pricing tier for your database.

1. Navigate to the database you wish to migrate in the Azure portal.
2. In the left navigation bar, select Compute + storage.
3. Select the Service tier dropdown list to expand the options for service tiers.
4. Select General Purpose (Scalable compute and storage options) from the dropdown list menu.
5. Review the Hardware Configuration listed. If desired, select Change configuration to select the appropriate hardware configuration for your workload.
6. Select the vCores slider if you wish to change the number of vCores available for your database under the General Purpose service tier.
7. Select Apply.

Azure CLI

This code sample calls az sql db update to reverse migrate an existing Hyperscale database to the General Purpose service tier. You must specify both the edition and service objective. You might select either Provisioned or Serverless for the target compute model.

Replace resourceGroupName, serverName, databaseName, and serviceObjective with the appropriate values before running the following code sample:

resourceGroupName="myResourceGroup"
serverName="server01"
databaseName="mySampleDatabase"
serviceObjective="GP_Gen5_2"
computeModel="Provisioned"

az sql db update -g $resourceGroupName -s $serverName -n $databaseName \
    --edition GeneralPurpose --service-objective $serviceObjective \
    --compute-model $computeModel

You can optionally include the maxsize argument. If the maxsize value exceeds the valid maximum size for the target service objective, an error is returned. If the maxsize argument isn't specified, the operation defaults to the maximum size available for the given service objective. The following example specifies maxsize:

resourceGroupName="myResourceGroup"
serverName="server01"
databaseName="mySampleDatabase"
serviceObjective="GP_Gen5_2"
computeModel="Provisioned"
maxsize="200GB"

az sql db update -g $resourceGroupName -s $serverName -n $databaseName \
    --edition GeneralPurpose --service-objective $serviceObjective \
    --compute-model $computeModel --max-size $maxsize

You can monitor operations for a Hyperscale database while the operation is ongoing.

PowerShell

This code sample uses the Set-AzSqlDatabase cmdlet to reverse migrate an existing database from the Hyperscale service tier to the General Purpose service tier. You must specify both the edition and service objective. You might select either Provisioned or Serverless for the target compute tier.

Replace $resourceGroupName, $serverName, $databaseName, $serviceObjective, and $computeModel with the appropriate values before running this code sample:

$resourceGroupName = "myResourceGroup"
$serverName = "server01"
$databaseName = "mySampleDatabase"
$serviceObjective = "GP_Gen5_2"
$computeModel = "Provisioned"

Set-AzSqlDatabase -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName `
    -DatabaseName $databaseName -Edition "GeneralPurpose" -computemodel $computeModel `
    -RequestedServiceObjectiveName $serviceObjective

You can optionally include the maxsize argument. If the maxsize value exceeds the valid maximum size for the target service objective, an error is returned. If the maxsize argument isn't specified, the operation defaults to the maximum size available for the given service objective. The following example specifies maxsize:

$resourceGroupName = "myResourceGroup"
$serverName = "server01"
$databaseName = "mySampleDatabase"
$serviceObjective = "GP_Gen5_2"
$computeModel = "Provisioned"
$maxSizeBytes = "268435456000"

Set-AzSqlDatabase -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName `
    -DatabaseName $databaseName -Edition "GeneralPurpose" -computemodel $computeModel `
    -RequestedServiceObjectiveName $serviceObjective -MaxSizeBytes $maxSizeBytes

You can monitor operations for a Hyperscale database while the operation is ongoing.

Transact-SQL

To reverse migrate a Hyperscale database to the General Purpose service tier with Transact-SQL, first connect to the master database on your logical SQL server using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), Azure Data Studio .

You must specify both the edition and service objective in the ALTER DATABASE statement.

This example statement migrates a database named mySampleDatabase to the General Purpose service tier with the GP_Gen5_4 service objective. Replace the database name and service objective with the appropriate values before executing the statement.

ALTER DATABASE [mySampleDatabase]
    MODIFY (EDITION = 'GeneralPurpose', SERVICE_OBJECTIVE = 'GP_Gen5_2');
GO

You can optionally include the maxsize argument. If the maxsize value exceeds the valid maximum size for the target service objective, an error is returned. If the maxsize argument isn't specified, the operation defaults to the maximum size available for the given service objective. The following example specifies maxsize:

ALTER DATABASE [mySampleDatabase]
    MODIFY (EDITION = 'GeneralPurpose', SERVICE_OBJECTIVE = 'GP_Gen5_2', MAXSIZE = 200 GB);
GO

You can monitor operations for a Hyperscale database while the operation is ongoing.

Monitor operations for a Hyperscale database

You can monitor the status of ongoing or recently completed operations for an Azure SQL Database using the Azure portal, the Azure CLI, PowerShell, or Transact-SQL.

Select the tab for your preferred method to monitor operations.

Portal

The Azure portal shows a notification for a database in Azure SQL Database when an operation such as a migration, reverse migration, or restore is in progress.

1. Navigate to the database in the Azure portal.
2. In the left navigation bar, select Overview.
3. Review the Notifications section at the bottom of the right pane. If operations are ongoing, a notification box appears.
4. Select the notification box to view details.
5. The Ongoing operations pane opens. Review the details of the ongoing operations.

Azure CLI

This code sample calls az sql db op list to return recent or ongoing operations for a database in Azure SQL Database.

Replace resourceGroupName, serverName, databaseName, and serviceObjective with the appropriate values before running the following code sample:

resourceGroupName="myResourceGroup"
serverName="server01"
databaseName="mySampleDatabase"

az sql db op list -g $resourceGroupName -s $serverName --database $databaseName

PowerShell

The Get-AzSqlDatabaseActivity cmdlet returns recent or ongoing operations for a database in Azure SQL Database.

Set the $resourceGroupName, $serverName, and $databaseName parameters to the appropriate values for your database before running the sample code:

$resourceGroupName = "myResourceGroup"
$serverName = "server01"
$databaseName = "mySampleDatabase"

Get-AzSqlDatabaseActivity -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName

Transact-SQL

To monitor operations for a Hyperscale database, first connect to the master database on your logical server using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), Azure Data Studio, or the client of your choice to run Transact-SQL commands.

Query the sys.dm_operation_status Dynamic Management View to review information about recent operations performed on databases on your [logical server](logical-servers.md].

This code sample returns all entires in sys.dm_operation_status for the specified database, sorted by which operations began most recently. Replace the database name with the appropriate value before running the code sample.

SELECT *
FROM sys.dm_operation_status
WHERE major_resource_id = 'mySampleDatabase'
ORDER BY start_time DESC;
GO

View databases in the Hyperscale service tier

After migrating a database to Hyperscale or reconfiguring a database within the Hyperscale service tier, you might wish to view and/or document the configuration of your Hyperscale database.

Portal

The Azure portal shows a list of all databases on a logical server. The Pricing tier column includes the service tier for each database.

1. Navigate to your logical server in the Azure portal.
2. In the left navigation bar, select Overview.
3. Scroll to the list of resources at the bottom of the pane. The window displays the SQL elastic pools and databases on the logical server.
4. Review the Pricing tier column to identify databases in the Hyperscale service tier.

Azure CLI

This Azure CLI code sample calls az sql db list to list Hyperscale databases on a logical server with their name, location, service level objective, maximum size, and number of high availability replicas.

Replace resourceGroupName and serverName with the appropriate values before running the following code sample:

resourceGroupName="myResourceGroup"
serverName="server01"

az sql db list -g $resourceGroupName -s $serverName --query "[].{Name:name, Location:location, SLO:currentServiceObjectiveName, Tier:currentSku.tier, maxSizeBytes:maxSizeBytes,HAreplicas:highAvailabilityReplicaCount}[?Tier=='Hyperscale']" --output table

PowerShell

The Azure PowerShell Get-AzSqlDatabase cmdlet returns a list of Hyperscale databases on a logical server with their name, location, service level objective, maximum size, and number of high availability replicas.

Set the $resourceGroupName and $serverName parameters to the appropriate values before running the sample code:

$resourceGroupName = "myResourceGroup"
$serverName = "server01"

Get-AzSqlDatabase -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName | `
    Where-Object { $_.Edition -eq 'Hyperscale' } | `
        Select-Object DatabaseName, Location, currentServiceObjectiveName, Edition, `
        MaxSizeBytes, HighAvailabilityReplicaCount | `
            Format-Table

Review the Edition column to identify databases in the Hyperscale service tier.

Transact-SQL

To review the service tiers of all Hyperscale databases on a logical server with Transact-SQL, first connect to the master database using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) or Azure Data Studio.

Query the sys.database_service_objectives system catalog view to review databases in the Hyperscale service tier:

SELECT d.name, dso.edition, dso.service_objective
FROM sys.database_service_objectives AS dso
JOIN sys.databases as d on dso.database_id = d.database_id
WHERE dso.edition = 'Hyperscale';
GO

Related content

Learn more about Hyperscale databases in the following articles:

• Quickstart: Create a Hyperscale database in Azure SQL Database
• Hyperscale service tier
• Azure SQL Database Hyperscale FAQ
• Hyperscale secondary replicas
• Azure SQL Database Hyperscale named replicas FAQ