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Use Azure Functions to create custom branch policies

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Azure DevOps Services | Azure DevOps Server 2022 - Azure DevOps Server 2019

The pull request (PR) workflow provides developers with an opportunity to get feedback on their code from peers as well as from automated tools. 3rd party tools and services can participate in the PR workflow by using the PR Status API. This article guides you through the process of creating a custom branch policy using Azure Functions to validate PRs in an Azure DevOps Services Git repository. With Azure Functions you don't have to worry about provisioning and maintaining servers, especially when your workload grows. Azure Functions provide a fully managed compute platform with high reliability and security.

For more information about PR status, see Customize and extend pull request workflows with pull request status.

Prerequisites

An organization in Azure DevOps with a Git repo. If you don't have an organization, sign up to upload and share code in free unlimited private Git repositories.

Create a basic Azure function to listen to Azure Repos events

Follow the create your first Azure function documentation to create a simple function. Modify the code in the sample to look like this:

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Text;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

public static async Task<HttpResponseMessage> Run(HttpRequestMessage req, TraceWriter log)
{
    try
    {
        log.Info("Service Hook Received.");

        // Get request body
        dynamic data = await req.Content.ReadAsAsync<object>();

        log.Info("Data Received: " + data.ToString());

        // Get the pull request object from the service hooks payload
        dynamic jObject = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(data.ToString());

        // Get the pull request id
        int pullRequestId;
        if (!Int32.TryParse(jObject.resource.pullRequestId.ToString(), out pullRequestId))
        {
            log.Info("Failed to parse the pull request id from the service hooks payload.");
        };

        // Get the pull request title
        string pullRequestTitle = jObject.resource.title;

        log.Info("Service Hook Received for PR: " + pullRequestId + " " + pullRequestTitle);

        return req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        log.Info(ex.ToString());
        return req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError);
    }
}

Configure a service hook for PR events

Service hooks are an Azure DevOps Services feature that can alert external services when certain events occur. For this sample, you'll want to set up a service hook for PR events, your Azure function will be notified when a pull request changes. In order to receive POST requests when pull requests change, you will need to provide the service hook with the Azure function URL.

For this sample you will need to configure 2 service hooks. The first will be for the Pull request created event and the second will be for the Pull request updated event.

  1. Get the function URL from the Azure portal by clicking the Get function URL in your Azure function view and copy the URL.

    Get function url

    Copy function url

  2. Browse to your project in Azure DevOps, e.g. https://dev.azure.com/<your organization>/<your project name>

  3. From the navigation menu, hover over the gear and select Service Hooks.

    Choose Service hooks from the admin menu

  4. If this is your first service hook, select + Create subscription.

    Select Create a new subscription from the toolbar

    If you already have other service hooks configured, select the green plus (+) to create a new service hook subscription.

    Select the green plus to create a new service hook subscription.

  5. On the New Service Hooks Subscription dialog, select Web Hooks from the list of services, then select Next.

    Select web hooks from the list of services

  6. Select Pull request created from the list of event triggers, then select Next.

    Select pull request created from the list of event triggers

  7. In the Action page, enter the URL that you copied in step 1 in the URL box. Select Test to send a test event to your server.

    Enter the URL and select Test to test the service hook

    In the Azure function log window, you'll see an incoming POST that returned a 200 OK, indicating your function received the service hook event.

    HTTP Requests
-------------

POST /                         200 OK

    In the Test Notification window, select the Response tab to see the details of the response from your server. You should see the response from your server.

    Select the response tab to see the results of the test

  8. Close the Test Notification window, and select Finish to create the service hook.

Go through steps 2-8 again but this time configure the Pull request updated event.

Important

Be sure to go through the preceding steps twice and create service hooks for both the Pull request created and Pull request updated events.

Create a pull request to verify your Azure function is receiving notifications.

Post status to PRs

Now that your server can receive service hook events when new PRs are created, update it to post back status to the PR. You can use the JSON payload posted by the service hook in order to determine what status to set on your PR.

Update the code of your Azure function to look like the following example.

Make sure to update the code with your organization name, project name, repository name and PAT token. In order to have permission to change PR status, the PAT requires vso.code_status scope, which you can grant by selecting the Code (status) scope on the Create a personal access token page.

Important

This sample code stores the PAT in code to simplify the sample. It is recommended to store secrets in KeyVault and retrieve them from there.

This sample inspects the PR title to see if the user has indicated if the PR is a work in progress by adding WIP to the title. If so, the sample code changes the status posted back to the PR. Replace the code in your Azure function with the following code to implement updating the status posted back to the PR.

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Text;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

private static string organizationName = "[Organization Name]";  // Organization name
private static string projectName      = "[Project Name]";       // Project name
private static string repositoryName   = "[Repo Name]";          // Repository name

/*
    This is here just to simplify the sample, it is recommended to store
    secrets in KeyVault and retrieve them from there.
*/
private static string pat = "[PAT TOKEN]";

public static async Task<HttpResponseMessage> Run(HttpRequestMessage req, TraceWriter log)
{
    try
    {
        log.Info("Service Hook Received.");

        // Get request body
        dynamic data = await req.Content.ReadAsAsync<object>();

        log.Info("Data Received: " + data.ToString());

        // Get the pull request object from the service hooks payload
        dynamic jObject = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(data.ToString());

        // Get the pull request id
        int pullRequestId;
        if (!Int32.TryParse(jObject.resource.pullRequestId.ToString(), out pullRequestId))
        {
            log.Info("Failed to parse the pull request id from the service hooks payload.");
        };

        // Get the pull request title
        string pullRequestTitle = jObject.resource.title;

        log.Info("Service Hook Received for PR: " + pullRequestId + " " + pullRequestTitle);

        PostStatusOnPullRequest(pullRequestId, ComputeStatus(pullRequestTitle));

        return req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        log.Info(ex.ToString());
        return req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError);
    }
}

private static void PostStatusOnPullRequest(int pullRequestId, string status)
{
    string Url = string.Format(
        @"https://dev.azure.com/{0}/{1}/_apis/git/repositories/{2}/pullrequests/{3}/statuses?api-version=4.1",
        organizationName,
        projectName,
        repositoryName,
        pullRequestId);

    using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
    {
        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Basic", Convert.ToBase64String(
                ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(
                string.Format("{0}:{1}", "", pat))));

        var method = new HttpMethod("POST");
        var request = new HttpRequestMessage(method, Url)
        {
            Content = new StringContent(status, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json")
        };

        using (HttpResponseMessage response = client.SendAsync(request).Result)
        {
            response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
        }
    }
}

private static string ComputeStatus(string pullRequestTitle)
{
    string state = "succeeded";
    string description = "Ready for review";

    if (pullRequestTitle.ToLower().Contains("wip"))
    {
        state = "pending";
        description = "Work in progress";
    }

    return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(
        new
        {
            State = state,
            Description = description,
            TargetUrl = "https://visualstudio.microsoft.com",

            Context = new
            {
                Name = "PullRequest-WIT-App",
                Genre = "pr-azure-function-ci"
            }
        });
}

Create a new PR to test the status server

Now that your server is running and listening for service hook notifications, create a pull request to test it out.

  1. Start in the files view. Edit the readme.md file in your repo (or any other file if you don't have a readme.md).

    Select Edit from the context menu

  2. Make an edit and commit the changes to the repo.

    Edit the file and select Commit from the toolbar

  3. Be sure to commit the changes to a new branch so you can create a PR in the next step.

    Enter a new branch name and select Commit

  4. Select the Create a pull request link.

    Select Create a pull request from the suggestion bar

  5. Add WIP in the title to test the functionality of the app. Select Create to create the PR.

    Add WIP to the default PR title

  6. Once the PR has been created, you will see the status section, with the Work in progress entry which links to the URL specified in the payload.

    Status section with Work in progress entry.

  7. Update the PR title and remove the WIP text and note that the status changes from Work in progress to Ready for review.

Next Steps