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Format JSON Output Automatically with AUTO Mode (SQL Server)

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Applies to: SQL Server 2016 (13.x) and later Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics (serverless SQL pool only)

To format the output of the FOR JSON clause automatically based on the structure of the SELECT statement, specify the AUTO option.

When you specify the AUTO option, the format of the JSON output is automatically determined based on the order of columns in the SELECT list and their source tables. You can't change this format.

The alternative is to use the PATH option to maintain control over the output.

A query that uses the FOR JSON AUTO option must have a FROM clause.

Here are some examples of the FOR JSON clause with the AUTO option. Azure Data Studio is the recommended query editor for JSON queries because it auto-formats the JSON results (as seen in this article) instead of displaying a flat string.

Examples

Example 1

Query

When a query references only one table, the results of the FOR JSON AUTO clause are similar to the results of FOR JSON PATH . In this case, FOR JSON AUTO doesn't create nested objects. The only difference is that FOR JSON AUTO outputs dot-separated aliases (for example, Info.MiddleName in the following example) as keys with dots, not as nested objects.

SELECT TOP 5   
       BusinessEntityID As Id,  
       FirstName, LastName,  
       Title As 'Info.Title',  
       MiddleName As 'Info.MiddleName'  
   FROM Person.Person  
   FOR JSON AUTO

Result

[{
    "Id": 1,
    "FirstName": "Ken",
    "LastName": "Sánchez",
    "Info.MiddleName": "J"
}, {
    "Id": 2,
    "FirstName": "Terri",
    "LastName": "Duffy",
    "Info.MiddleName": "Lee"
}, {
    "Id": 3,
    "FirstName": "Roberto",
    "LastName": "Tamburello"
}, {
    "Id": 4,
    "FirstName": "Rob",
    "LastName": "Walters"
}, {
    "Id": 5,
    "FirstName": "Gail",
    "LastName": "Erickson",
    "Info.Title": "Ms.",
    "Info.MiddleName": "A"
}]

Example 2

Query

When you join tables, columns in the first table are generated as properties of the root object. Columns in the second table are generated as properties of a nested object. The table name or alias of the second table (for example, D in the following example) is used as the name of the nested array.

SELECT TOP 2 SalesOrderNumber,  
        OrderDate,  
        UnitPrice,  
        OrderQty  
FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader H  
   INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail D  
     ON H.SalesOrderID = D.SalesOrderID  
FOR JSON AUTO

Result

[{
    "SalesOrderNumber": "SO43659",
    "OrderDate": "2011-05-31T00:00:00",
    "D": [{
        "UnitPrice": 24.99,
        "OrderQty": 1
    }]
}, {
    "SalesOrderNumber": "SO43659",
    "D": [{
        "UnitPrice": 34.40
    }, {
        "UnitPrice": 134.24,
        "OrderQty": 5
    }]
}]

Example 3

Query
Instead of using FOR JSON AUTO, you can nest a FOR JSON PATH subquery in the SELECT statement, as shown in the following example. This example outputs the same result as the preceding example.

SELECT TOP 2  
    SalesOrderNumber,  
    OrderDate,  
    (SELECT UnitPrice, OrderQty  
      FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail AS D  
      WHERE H.SalesOrderID = D.SalesOrderID  
     FOR JSON PATH) AS D  
FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS H  
FOR JSON PATH

Result

[{
    "SalesOrderNumber": "SO43659",
    "OrderDate": "2011-05-31T00:00:00",
    "D": [{
        "UnitPrice": 24.99,
        "OrderQty": 1
    }]
}, {
    "SalesOrderNumber": "SO4390",
    "D": [{
        "UnitPrice": 24.99
    }]
}]

Learn more about JSON in SQL Server and Azure SQL Database

Microsoft videos

For a visual introduction to the built-in JSON support in SQL Server and Azure SQL Database, see the following videos:

See Also

FOR Clause (Transact-SQL)