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Deploy a SAP HANA scale-out system with standby node on Azure VMs by using Azure NetApp Files on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

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This article describes how to deploy a highly available SAP HANA system in a scale-out configuration with standby on Azure virtual machines (VMs) by using Azure NetApp Files for the shared storage volumes.

In the example configurations, installation commands, and so on, the HANA instance is 03 and the HANA system ID is HN1. The examples are based on HANA 2.0 SP4 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP 12 SP4.

Before you begin, refer to the following SAP notes and papers:

Overview

One method for achieving HANA high availability is by configuring host auto failover. To configure host auto failover, you add one or more virtual machines to the HANA system and configure them as standby nodes. When active node fails, a standby node automatically takes over. In the presented configuration with Azure virtual machines, you achieve auto failover by using NFS on Azure NetApp Files.

Note

The standby node needs access to all database volumes. The HANA volumes must be mounted as NFSv4 volumes. The improved file lease-based locking mechanism in the NFSv4 protocol is used for I/O fencing.

Important

To build the supported configuration, you must deploy the HANA data and log volumes as NFSv4.1 volumes and mount them by using the NFSv4.1 protocol. The HANA host auto-failover configuration with standby node is not supported with NFSv3.

SAP NetWeaver High Availability overview

In the preceding diagram, which follows SAP HANA network recommendations, three subnets are represented within one Azure virtual network:

  • For client communication
  • For communication with the storage system
  • For internal HANA inter-node communication

The Azure NetApp volumes are in separate subnet, delegated to Azure NetApp Files.

For this example configuration, the subnets are:

  • client 10.23.0.0/24
  • storage 10.23.2.0/24
  • hana 10.23.3.0/24
  • anf 10.23.1.0/26

Set up the Azure NetApp Files infrastructure

Before you proceed with the set up for Azure NetApp Files infrastructure, familiarize yourself with the Azure NetApp Files documentation.

Azure NetApp Files is available in several Azure regions. Check to see whether your selected Azure region offers Azure NetApp Files.

For information about the availability of Azure NetApp Files by Azure region, see Azure NetApp Files Availability by Azure Region.

Important considerations

As you're creating your Azure NetApp Files for SAP NetWeaver on SUSE High Availability architecture, be aware of the important considerations documented in NFS v4.1 volumes on Azure NetApp Files for SAP HANA.

Sizing for HANA database on Azure NetApp Files

The throughput of an Azure NetApp Files volume is a function of the volume size and service level, as documented in Service level for Azure NetApp Files.

As you design the infrastructure for SAP HANA on Azure with Azure NetApp Files, be aware of the recommendations in NFS v4.1 volumes on Azure NetApp Files for SAP HANA.

The configuration in this article is presented with simple Azure NetApp Files Volumes.

Important

For production systems, where performance is a key, we recommend to evaluate and consider using Azure NetApp Files application volume group for SAP HANA.

Deploy Azure NetApp Files resources

The following instructions assume that you've already deployed your Azure virtual network. The Azure NetApp Files resources and VMs, where the Azure NetApp Files resources will be mounted, must be deployed in the same Azure virtual network or in peered Azure virtual networks.

  1. Create a NetApp account in your selected Azure region by following the instructions in Create a NetApp account.

  2. Set up an Azure NetApp Files capacity pool by following the instructions in Set up an Azure NetApp Files capacity pool.

    The HANA architecture presented in this article uses a single Azure NetApp Files capacity pool at the Ultra Service level. For HANA workloads on Azure, we recommend using an Azure NetApp Files Ultra or Premium service Level.

  3. Delegate a subnet to Azure NetApp Files, as described in the instructions in Delegate a subnet to Azure NetApp Files.

  4. Deploy Azure NetApp Files volumes by following the instructions in Create an NFS volume for Azure NetApp Files.

    As you're deploying the volumes, be sure to select the NFSv4.1 version. Currently, access to NFSv4.1 requires being added to an allowlist. Deploy the volumes in the designated Azure NetApp Files subnet. The IP addresses of the Azure NetApp volumes are assigned automatically.

    Keep in mind that the Azure NetApp Files resources and the Azure VMs must be in the same Azure virtual network or in peered Azure virtual networks. For example, HN1-data-mnt00001, HN1-log-mnt00001, and so on, are the volume names and nfs://10.23.1.5/HN1-data-mnt00001, nfs://10.23.1.4/HN1-log-mnt00001, and so on, are the file paths for the Azure NetApp Files volumes.

    • volume HN1-data-mnt00001 (nfs://10.23.1.5/HN1-data-mnt00001)
    • volume HN1-data-mnt00002 (nfs://10.23.1.6/HN1-data-mnt00002)
    • volume HN1-log-mnt00001 (nfs://10.23.1.4/HN1-log-mnt00001)
    • volume HN1-log-mnt00002 (nfs://10.23.1.6/HN1-log-mnt00002)
    • volume HN1-shared (nfs://10.23.1.4/HN1-shared)

    In this example, we used a separate Azure NetApp Files volume for each HANA data and log volume. For a more cost-optimized configuration on smaller or non-productive systems, it's possible to place all data mounts and all logs mounts on a single volume.

Deploy Linux virtual machines via the Azure portal

First you need to create the Azure NetApp Files volumes. Then do the following steps:

  1. Create the Azure virtual network subnets in your Azure virtual network.

  2. Deploy the VMs.

  3. Create the additional network interfaces, and attach the network interfaces to the corresponding VMs.

    Each virtual machine has three network interfaces, which correspond to the three Azure virtual network subnets (client, storage and hana).

    For more information, see Create a Linux virtual machine in Azure with multiple network interface cards.

Important

For SAP HANA workloads, low latency is critical. To achieve low latency, work with your Microsoft representative to ensure that the virtual machines and the Azure NetApp Files volumes are deployed in close proximity. When you're onboarding new SAP HANA system that's using SAP HANA Azure NetApp Files, submit the necessary information.

The next instructions assume that you've already created the resource group, the Azure virtual network, and the three Azure virtual network subnets: client, storage and hana. When you deploy the VMs, select the client subnet, so that the client network interface is the primary interface on the VMs. You will also need to configure an explicit route to the Azure NetApp Files delegated subnet via the storage subnet gateway.

Important

Make sure that the OS you select is SAP-certified for SAP HANA on the specific VM types you're using. For a list of SAP HANA certified VM types and OS releases for those types, go to the SAP HANA certified IaaS platforms site. Click into the details of the listed VM type to get the complete list of SAP HANA-supported OS releases for that type.

  1. Create an availability set for SAP HANA. Make sure to set the max update domain.

  2. Create three virtual machines (hanadb1, hanadb2, hanadb3) by doing the following steps:

    a. Use a SLES4SAP image in the Azure gallery that's supported for SAP HANA.

    b. Select the availability set that you created earlier for SAP HANA.

    c. Select the client Azure virtual network subnet. Select Accelerated Network.

    When you deploy the virtual machines, the network interface name is automatically generated. In these instructions for simplicity we'll refer to the automatically generated network interfaces, which are attached to the client Azure virtual network subnet, as hanadb1-client, hanadb2-client, and hanadb3-client.

  3. Create three network interfaces, one for each virtual machine, for the storage virtual network subnet (in this example, hanadb1-storage, hanadb2-storage, and hanadb3-storage).

  4. Create three network interfaces, one for each virtual machine, for the hana virtual network subnet (in this example, hanadb1-hana, hanadb2-hana, and hanadb3-hana).

  5. Attach the newly created virtual network interfaces to the corresponding virtual machines by doing the following steps:

    1. Go to the virtual machine in the Azure portal.
    2. In the left pane, select Virtual Machines. Filter on the virtual machine name (for example, hanadb1), and then select the virtual machine.
    3. In the Overview pane, select Stop to deallocate the virtual machine.
    4. Select Networking, and then attach the network interface. In the Attach network interface drop-down list, select the already created network interfaces for the storage and hana subnets.
    5. Select Save.
    6. Repeat steps b through e for the remaining virtual machines (in our example, hanadb2 and hanadb3).
    7. Leave the virtual machines in stopped state for now. Next, we'll enable accelerated networking for all newly attached network interfaces.

  6. Enable accelerated networking for the additional network interfaces for the storage and hana subnets by doing the following steps:

    1. Open Azure Cloud Shell in the Azure portal.

    2. Execute the following commands to enable accelerated networking for the additional network interfaces, which are attached to the storage and hana subnets.

      az network nic update --id /subscriptions/your subscription/resourceGroups/your resource group/providers/Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/hanadb1-storage --accelerated-networking true
 az network nic update --id /subscriptions/your subscription/resourceGroups/your resource group/providers/Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/hanadb2-storage --accelerated-networking true
 az network nic update --id /subscriptions/your subscription/resourceGroups/your resource group/providers/Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/hanadb3-storage --accelerated-networking true

 az network nic update --id /subscriptions/your subscription/resourceGroups/your resource group/providers/Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/hanadb1-hana --accelerated-networking true
 az network nic update --id /subscriptions/your subscription/resourceGroups/your resource group/providers/Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/hanadb2-hana --accelerated-networking true
 az network nic update --id /subscriptions/your subscription/resourceGroups/your resource group/providers/Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/hanadb3-hana --accelerated-networking true

  7. Start the virtual machines by doing the following steps:

    1. In the left pane, select Virtual Machines. Filter on the virtual machine name (for example, hanadb1), and then select it.
    2. In the Overview pane, select Start.

Operating system configuration and preparation

The instructions in the next sections are prefixed with one of the following:

  • [A]: Applicable to all nodes
  • [1]: Applicable only to node 1
  • [2]: Applicable only to node 2
  • [3]: Applicable only to node 3

Configure and prepare your OS by doing the following steps:

  1. [A] Maintain the host files on the virtual machines. Include entries for all subnets. The following entries were added to /etc/hosts for this example.

    # Storage
 10.23.2.4   hanadb1-storage
 10.23.2.5   hanadb2-storage
 10.23.2.6   hanadb3-storage
 # Client
 10.23.0.5   hanadb1
 10.23.0.6   hanadb2
 10.23.0.7   hanadb3
 # Hana
 10.23.3.4   hanadb1-hana
 10.23.3.5   hanadb2-hana
 10.23.3.6   hanadb3-hana

  2. [A] Change DHCP and cloud config settings for the network interface for storage to avoid unintended hostname changes.

    The following instructions assume that the storage network interface is eth1.

    vi /etc/sysconfig/network/dhcp 
# Change the following DHCP setting to "no"
DHCLIENT_SET_HOSTNAME="no"

vi /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth1
# Edit ifcfg-eth1 
#Change CLOUD_NETCONFIG_MANAGE='yes' to "no"
CLOUD_NETCONFIG_MANAGE='no'

  3. [A] Add a network route, so that the communication to the Azure NetApp Files goes via the storage network interface.

    The following instructions assume that the storage network interface is eth1.

    vi /etc/sysconfig/network/ifroute-eth1

# Add the following routes 
# RouterIPforStorageNetwork - - -
# ANFNetwork/cidr RouterIPforStorageNetwork - -
10.23.2.1 - - -
10.23.1.0/26 10.23.2.1 - -

    Reboot the VM to activate the changes.

  4. [A] Prepare the OS for running SAP HANA on NetApp Systems with NFS, as described in SAP note 3024346 - Linux Kernel Settings for NetApp NFS. Create configuration file /etc/sysctl.d/91-NetApp-HANA.conf for the NetApp configuration settings.

    vi /etc/sysctl.d/91-NetApp-HANA.conf

# Add the following entries in the configuration file
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 131072 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 300000
net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle=0
net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1

  5. [A] Create configuration file /etc/sysctl.d/ms-az.conf with Microsoft for Azure configuration settings.

    vi /etc/sysctl.d/ms-az.conf

# Add the following entries in the configuration file
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16348
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0
sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries = 128
vm.swappiness=10

    [!TIP] Avoid setting net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range and net.ipv4.ip_local_reserved_ports explicitly in the sysctl configuration files to allow SAP Host Agent to manage the port ranges. For more details see SAP note 2382421.

  6. [A] Adjust the sunrpc settings for NFSv3 volumes, as recommended in SAP note 3024346 - Linux Kernel Settings for NetApp NFS.

    vi /etc/modprobe.d/sunrpc.conf

# Insert the following line
options sunrpc tcp_max_slot_table_entries=128

Mount the Azure NetApp Files volumes

  1. [A] Create mount points for the HANA database volumes.

    mkdir -p /hana/data/HN1/mnt00001
mkdir -p /hana/data/HN1/mnt00002
mkdir -p /hana/log/HN1/mnt00001
mkdir -p /hana/log/HN1/mnt00002
mkdir -p /hana/shared
mkdir -p /usr/sap/HN1

  2. [1] Create node-specific directories for /usr/sap on HN1-shared.

    # Create a temporary directory to mount HN1-shared
mkdir /mnt/tmp

# if using NFSv3 for this volume, mount with the following command
mount 10.23.1.4:/HN1-shared /mnt/tmp

# if using NFSv4.1 for this volume, mount with the following command
mount -t nfs -o sec=sys,nfsvers=4.1 10.23.1.4:/HN1-shared /mnt/tmp

cd /mnt/tmp
mkdir shared usr-sap-hanadb1 usr-sap-hanadb2 usr-sap-hanadb3

# unmount /hana/shared
cd
umount /mnt/tmp

  3. [A] Verify the NFS domain setting. Make sure that the domain is configured as the default Azure NetApp Files domain, i.e. defaultv4iddomain.com and the mapping is set to nobody.

    Important

    Make sure to set the NFS domain in /etc/idmapd.conf on the VM to match the default domain configuration on Azure NetApp Files: defaultv4iddomain.com. If there's a mismatch between the domain configuration on the NFS client (i.e. the VM) and the NFS server, i.e. the Azure NetApp configuration, then the permissions for files on Azure NetApp volumes that are mounted on the VMs will be displayed as nobody.

    sudo cat /etc/idmapd.conf

# Example
[General]
Verbosity = 0
Pipefs-Directory = /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs
Domain = defaultv4iddomain.com
[Mapping]
Nobody-User = nobody
Nobody-Group = nobody

  4. [A] Verify nfs4_disable_idmapping. It should be set to Y. To create the directory structure where nfs4_disable_idmapping is located, execute the mount command. You won't be able to manually create the directory under /sys/modules, because access is reserved for the kernel / drivers.

    # Check nfs4_disable_idmapping 
cat /sys/module/nfs/parameters/nfs4_disable_idmapping

# If you need to set nfs4_disable_idmapping to Y
mkdir /mnt/tmp
mount 10.23.1.4:/HN1-shared /mnt/tmp
umount  /mnt/tmp
echo "Y" > /sys/module/nfs/parameters/nfs4_disable_idmapping

# Make the configuration permanent
echo "options nfs nfs4_disable_idmapping=Y" >> /etc/modprobe.d/nfs.conf

  5. [A] Create the SAP HANA group and user manually. The IDs for group sapsys and user hn1adm must be set to the same IDs, which are provided during the onboarding. (In this example, the IDs are set to 1001.) If the IDs aren't set correctly, you won't be able to access the volumes. The IDs for group sapsys and user accounts hn1adm and sapadm must be the same on all virtual machines.

    # Create user group 
sudo groupadd -g 1001 sapsys

# Create  users 
sudo useradd hn1adm -u 1001 -g 1001 -d /usr/sap/HN1/home -c "SAP HANA Database System" -s /bin/sh
sudo useradd sapadm -u 1002 -g 1001 -d /home/sapadm -c "SAP Local Administrator" -s /bin/sh

# Set the password  for both user ids
sudo passwd hn1adm
sudo passwd sapadm

  6. [A] Mount the shared Azure NetApp Files volumes.

    sudo vi /etc/fstab

# Add the following entries
10.23.1.5:/HN1-data-mnt00001 /hana/data/HN1/mnt00001  nfs   rw,nfsvers=4.1,hard,timeo=600,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,noatime,lock,_netdev,sec=sys  0  0
10.23.1.6:/HN1-data-mnt00002 /hana/data/HN1/mnt00002  nfs   rw,nfsvers=4.1,hard,timeo=600,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,noatime,lock,_netdev,sec=sys  0  0
10.23.1.4:/HN1-log-mnt00001 /hana/log/HN1/mnt00001  nfs   rw,nfsvers=4.1,hard,timeo=600,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,noatime,lock,_netdev,sec=sys  0  0
10.23.1.6:/HN1-log-mnt00002 /hana/log/HN1/mnt00002  nfs   rw,nfsvers=4.1,hard,timeo=600,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,noatime,lock,_netdev,sec=sys  0  0
10.23.1.4:/HN1-shared/shared /hana/shared  nfs   rw,nfsvers=4.1,hard,timeo=600,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,noatime,lock,_netdev,sec=sys  0  0

# Mount all volumes
sudo mount -a

    For workloads, that require higher throughput, consider using the nconnect mount option, as described in NFS v4.1 volumes on Azure NetApp Files for SAP HANA. Check if nconnect is supported by Azure NetApp Files on your Linux release.

  7. [1] Mount the node-specific volumes on hanadb1.

    sudo vi /etc/fstab

# Add the following entries
10.23.1.4:/HN1-shared/usr-sap-hanadb1 /usr/sap/HN1  nfs   rw,nfsvers=4.1,hard,timeo=600,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,noatime,lock,_netdev,sec=sys  0  0

# Mount the volume
sudo mount -a

  8. [2] Mount the node-specific volumes on hanadb2.

    sudo vi /etc/fstab

# Add the following entries
10.23.1.4:/HN1-shared/usr-sap-hanadb2 /usr/sap/HN1  nfs   rw,nfsvers=4.1,hard,timeo=600,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,noatime,lock,_netdev,sec=sys  0  0

# Mount the volume
sudo mount -a

  9. [3] Mount the node-specific volumes on hanadb3.

    sudo vi /etc/fstab

# Add the following entries
10.23.1.4:/HN1-shared/usr-sap-hanadb3 /usr/sap/HN1  nfs   rw,nfsvers=4.1,hard,timeo=600,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,noatime,lock,_netdev,sec=sys  0  0

# Mount the volume
sudo mount -a

  10. [A] Verify that all HANA volumes are mounted with NFS protocol version NFSv4.1.

    sudo nfsstat -m

# Verify that flag vers is set to 4.1 
# Example from hanadb1
/hana/data/HN1/mnt00001 from 10.23.1.5:/HN1-data-mnt00001
 Flags: rw,noatime,vers=4.1,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.23.2.4,local_lock=none,addr=10.23.1.5
/hana/log/HN1/mnt00002 from 10.23.1.6:/HN1-log-mnt00002
 Flags: rw,noatime,vers=4.1,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.23.2.4,local_lock=none,addr=10.23.1.6
/hana/data/HN1/mnt00002 from 10.23.1.6:/HN1-data-mnt00002
 Flags: rw,noatime,vers=4.1,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.23.2.4,local_lock=none,addr=10.23.1.6
/hana/log/HN1/mnt00001 from 10.23.1.4:/HN1-log-mnt00001
Flags: rw,noatime,vers=4.1,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.23.2.4,local_lock=none,addr=10.23.1.4
/usr/sap/HN1 from 10.23.1.4:/HN1-shared/usr-sap-hanadb1
 Flags: rw,noatime,vers=4.1,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.23.2.4,local_lock=none,addr=10.23.1.4
/hana/shared from 10.23.1.4:/HN1-shared/shared
 Flags: rw,noatime,vers=4.1,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.23.2.4,local_lock=none,addr=10.23.1.4

Installation

In this example for deploying SAP HANA in scale-out configuration with standby node with Azure, we've used HANA 2.0 SP4.

Prepare for HANA installation

  1. [A] Before the HANA installation, set the root password. You can disable the root password after the installation has been completed. Execute as root command passwd.

  2. [1] Verify that you can log in via SSH to hanadb2 and hanadb3, without being prompted for a password.

    ssh root@hanadb2
ssh root@hanadb3

  3. [A] Install additional packages, which are required for HANA 2.0 SP4. For more information, see SAP Note 2593824.

    sudo zypper install libgcc_s1 libstdc++6 libatomic1

  4. [2], [3] Change ownership of SAP HANA data and log directories to hn1adm.

    # Execute as root
sudo chown hn1adm:sapsys /hana/data/HN1
sudo chown hn1adm:sapsys /hana/log/HN1

HANA installation

  1. [1] Install SAP HANA by following the instructions in the SAP HANA 2.0 Installation and Update guide. In this example, we install SAP HANA scale-out with master, one worker, and one standby node.

    1. Start the hdblcm program from the HANA installation software directory. Use the internal_network parameter and pass the address space for subnet, which is used for the internal HANA inter-node communication.

      ./hdblcm --internal_network=10.23.3.0/24

    2. At the prompt, enter the following values:

      • For Choose an action: enter 1 (for install)
      • For Additional components for installation: enter 2, 3
      • For installation path: press Enter (defaults to /hana/shared)
      • For Local Host Name: press Enter to accept the default
      • Under Do you want to add hosts to the system?: enter y
      • For comma-separated host names to add: enter hanadb2, hanadb3
      • For Root User Name [root]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For Root User Password: enter the root user's password
      • For roles for host hanadb2: enter 1 (for worker)
      • For Host Failover Group for host hanadb2 [default]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For Storage Partition Number for host hanadb2 [<<assign automatically>>]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For Worker Group for host hanadb2 [default]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For Select roles for host hanadb3: enter 2 (for standby)
      • For Host Failover Group for host hanadb3 [default]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For Worker Group for host hanadb3 [default]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For SAP HANA System ID: enter HN1
      • For Instance number [00]: enter 03
      • For Local Host Worker Group [default]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For Select System Usage / Enter index [4]: enter 4 (for custom)
      • For Location of Data Volumes [/hana/data/HN1]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For Location of Log Volumes [/hana/log/HN1]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For Restrict maximum memory allocation? [n]: enter n
      • For Certificate Host Name For Host hanadb1 [hanadb1]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For Certificate Host Name For Host hanadb2 [hanadb2]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For Certificate Host Name For Host hanadb3 [hanadb3]: press Enter to accept the default
      • For System Administrator (hn1adm) Password: enter the password
      • For System Database User (system) Password: enter the system's password
      • For Confirm System Database User (system) Password: enter system's password
      • For Restart system after machine reboot? [n]: enter n
      • For Do you want to continue (y/n): validate the summary and if everything looks good, enter y

  2. [1] Verify global.ini.

    Display global.ini, and ensure that the configuration for the internal SAP HANA inter-node communication is in place. Verify the communication section. It should have the address space for the hana subnet, and listeninterface should be set to .internal. Verify the internal_hostname_resolution section. It should have the IP addresses for the HANA virtual machines that belong to the hana subnet.

    sudo cat /usr/sap/HN1/SYS/global/hdb/custom/config/global.ini

# Example 
#global.ini last modified 2019-09-10 00:12:45.192808 by hdbnameserve
[communication]
internal_network = 10.23.3/24
listeninterface = .internal
[internal_hostname_resolution]
10.23.3.4 = hanadb1
10.23.3.5 = hanadb2
10.23.3.6 = hanadb3

  3. [1] Add host mapping to ensure that the client IP addresses are used for client communication. Add section public_host_resolution, and add the corresponding IP addresses from the client subnet.

    sudo vi /usr/sap/HN1/SYS/global/hdb/custom/config/global.ini

#Add the section
[public_hostname_resolution]
map_hanadb1 = 10.23.0.5
map_hanadb2 = 10.23.0.6
map_hanadb3 = 10.23.0.7

  4. [1] Restart SAP HANA to activate the changes.

    sudo -u hn1adm /usr/sap/hostctrl/exe/sapcontrol -nr 03 -function StopSystem HDB
sudo -u hn1adm /usr/sap/hostctrl/exe/sapcontrol -nr 03 -function StartSystem HDB

  5. [1] Verify that the client interface will be using the IP addresses from the client subnet for communication.

    sudo -u hn1adm /usr/sap/HN1/HDB03/exe/hdbsql -u SYSTEM -p "password" -i 03 -d SYSTEMDB 'select * from SYS.M_HOST_INFORMATION'|grep net_publicname

# Expected result
"hanadb3","net_publicname","10.23.0.7"
"hanadb2","net_publicname","10.23.0.6"
"hanadb1","net_publicname","10.23.0.5"

    For information about how to verify the configuration, see SAP Note 2183363 - Configuration of SAP HANA internal network.

  6. To optimize SAP HANA for the underlying Azure NetApp Files storage, set the following SAP HANA parameters:

    • max_parallel_io_requests 128
    • async_read_submit on
    • async_write_submit_active on
    • async_write_submit_blocks all

    For more information, see I/O stack configuration for SAP HANA.

    Starting with SAP HANA 2.0 systems, you can set the parameters in global.ini. For more information, see SAP Note 1999930.

    For SAP HANA 1.0 systems versions SPS12 and earlier, these parameters can be set during the installation, as described in SAP Note 2267798.

  7. The storage that's used by Azure NetApp Files has a file size limitation of 16 terabytes (TB). SAP HANA is not implicitly aware of the storage limitation, and it won't automatically create a new data file when the file size limit of 16 TB is reached. As SAP HANA attempts to grow the file beyond 16 TB, that attempt will result in errors and, eventually, in an index server crash.

    Important

    To prevent SAP HANA from trying to grow data files beyond the 16-TB limit of the storage subsystem, set the following parameters in global.ini.

    • datavolume_striping = true
    • datavolume_striping_size_gb = 15000 For more information, see SAP Note 2400005. Be aware of SAP Note 2631285.

Test SAP HANA failover

Note

This article contains references to terms that Microsoft no longer uses. When these terms are removed from the software, we’ll remove them from this article.

  1. Simulate a node crash on an SAP HANA worker node. Do the following:

    1. Before you simulate the node crash, run the following commands as hn1adm to capture the status of the environment:

      # Check the landscape status
python /usr/sap/HN1/HDB03/exe/python_support/landscapeHostConfiguration.py
| Host    | Host   | Host   | Failover | Remove | Storage   | Storage   | Failover | Failover | NameServer | NameServer | IndexServer | IndexServer | Host    | Host    | Worker  | Worker  |
|         | Active | Status | Status   | Status | Config    | Actual    | Config   | Actual   | Config     | Actual     | Config      | Actual      | Config  | Actual  | Config  | Actual  |
|         |        |        |          |        | Partition | Partition | Group    | Group    | Role       | Role       | Role        | Role        | Roles   | Roles   | Groups  | Groups  |
| ------- | ------ | ------ | -------- | ------ | --------- | --------- | -------- | -------- | ---------- | ---------- | ----------- | ----------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| hanadb1 | yes    | ok     |          |        |         1 |         1 | default  | default  | master 1   | master     | worker      | master      | worker  | worker  | default | default |
| hanadb2 | yes    | ok     |          |        |         2 |         2 | default  | default  | master 2   | slave      | worker      | slave       | worker  | worker  | default | default |
| hanadb3 | yes    | ignore |          |        |         0 |         0 | default  | default  | master 3   | slave      | standby     | standby     | standby | standby | default | -       |

# Check the instance status
sapcontrol -nr 03  -function GetSystemInstanceList
GetSystemInstanceList
OK
hostname, instanceNr, httpPort, httpsPort, startPriority, features, dispstatus
hanadb2, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb1, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb3, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_STANDBY, GREEN

    2. To simulate a node crash, run the following command as root on the worker node, which is hanadb2 in this case:

      echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger

    3. Monitor the system for failover completion. When the failover has been completed, capture the status, which should look like the following:

      # Check the instance status
sapcontrol -nr 03  -function GetSystemInstanceList
GetSystemInstanceList
OK
hostname, instanceNr, httpPort, httpsPort, startPriority, features, dispstatus
hanadb1, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb3, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_STANDBY, GREEN
hanadb2, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GRAY

# Check the landscape status
/usr/sap/HN1/HDB03/exe/python_support> python landscapeHostConfiguration.py
| Host    | Host   | Host   | Failover | Remove | Storage   | Storage   | Failover | Failover | NameServer | NameServer | IndexServer | IndexServer | Host    | Host    | Worker  | Worker  |
|         | Active | Status | Status   | Status | Config    | Actual    | Config   | Actual   | Config     | Actual     | Config      | Actual      | Config  | Actual  | Config  | Actual  |
|         |        |        |          |        | Partition | Partition | Group    | Group    | Role       | Role       | Role        | Role        | Roles   | Roles   | Groups  | Groups  |
| ------- | ------ | ------ | -------- | ------ | --------- | --------- | -------- | -------- | ---------- | ---------- | ----------- | ----------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| hanadb1 | yes    | ok     |          |        |         1 |         1 | default  | default  | master 1   | master     | worker      | master      | worker  | worker  | default | default |
| hanadb2 | no     | info   |          |        |         2 |         0 | default  | default  | master 2   | slave      | worker      | standby     | worker  | standby | default | -       |
| hanadb3 | yes    | info   |          |        |         0 |         2 | default  | default  | master 3   | slave      | standby     | slave       | standby | worker  | default | default |

      Important

      When a node experiences kernel panic, avoid delays with SAP HANA failover by setting kernel.panic to 20 seconds on all HANA virtual machines. The configuration is done in /etc/sysctl. Reboot the virtual machines to activate the change. If this change isn't performed, failover can take 10 or more minutes when a node is experiencing kernel panic.

  2. Kill the name server by doing the following:

    1. Prior to the test, check the status of the environment by running the following commands as hn1adm:

      #Landscape status 
python /usr/sap/HN1/HDB03/exe/python_support/landscapeHostConfiguration.py
| Host    | Host   | Host   | Failover | Remove | Storage   | Storage   | Failover | Failover | NameServer | NameServer | IndexServer | IndexServer | Host    | Host    | Worker | Worker  |
|         | Active | Status | Status   | Status | Config    | Actual    | Config   | Actual   | Config     | Actual     | Config      | Actual      | Config  | Actual  | Config  | Actual  |
|         |        |        |          |        | Partition | Partition | Group    | Group    | Role       | Role       | Role        | Role        | Roles   | Roles   | Groups  | Groups  |
| ------- | ------ | ------ | -------- | ------ | --------- | --------- | -------- | -------- | ---------- | ---------- | ----------- | ----------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| hanadb1 | yes    | ok     |          |        |         1 |         1 | default  | default  | master 1   | master     | worker      | master      | worker  | worker  | default | default |
| hanadb2 | yes    | ok     |          |        |         2 |         2 | default  | default  | master 2   | slave      | worker      | slave       | worker  | worker  | default | default |
| hanadb3 | no     | ignore |          |        |         0 |         0 | default  | default  | master 3   | slave      | standby     | standby     | standby | standby | default | -       |

# Check the instance status
sapcontrol -nr 03  -function GetSystemInstanceList
GetSystemInstanceList
OK
hostname, instanceNr, httpPort, httpsPort, startPriority, features, dispstatus
hanadb2, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb1, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb3, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_STANDBY, GRAY

    2. Run the following commands as hn1adm on the active master node, which is hanadb1 in this case:

      hn1adm@hanadb1:/usr/sap/HN1/HDB03> HDB kill

      The standby node hanadb3 will take over as master node. Here is the resource state after the failover test is completed:

      # Check the instance status
sapcontrol -nr 03 -function GetSystemInstanceList
GetSystemInstanceList
OK
hostname, instanceNr, httpPort, httpsPort, startPriority, features, dispstatus
hanadb2, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb1, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GRAY
hanadb3, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_STANDBY, GREEN

# Check the landscape status
python /usr/sap/HN1/HDB03/exe/python_support/landscapeHostConfiguration.py
| Host    | Host   | Host   | Failover | Remove | Storage   | Storage   | Failover | Failover | NameServer | NameServer | IndexServer | IndexServer | Host    | Host    | Worker  | Worker  |
|         | Active | Status | Status   | Status | Config    | Actual    | Config   | Actual   | Config     | Actual     | Config      | Actual      | Config  | Actual  | Config  | Actual  |
|         |        |        |          |        | Partition | Partition | Group    | Group    | Role       | Role       | Role        | Role        | Roles   | Roles   | Groups  | Groups  |
| ------- | ------ | ------ | -------- | ------ | --------- | --------- | -------- | -------- | ---------- | ---------- | ----------- | ----------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| hanadb1 | no     | info   |          |        |         1 |         0 | default  | default  | master 1   | slave      | worker      | standby     | worker  | standby | default | -       |
| hanadb2 | yes    | ok     |          |        |         2 |         2 | default  | default  | master 2   | slave      | worker      | slave       | worker  | worker  | default | default |
| hanadb3 | yes    | info   |          |        |         0 |         1 | default  | default  | master 3   | master     | standby     | master      | standby | worker  | default | default |

    3. Restart the HANA instance on hanadb1 (that is, on the same virtual machine, where the name server was killed). The hanadb1 node will rejoin the environment and will keep its standby role.

      hn1adm@hanadb1:/usr/sap/HN1/HDB03> HDB start

      After SAP HANA has started on hanadb1, expect the following status:

      # Check the instance status
sapcontrol -nr 03 -function GetSystemInstanceList
GetSystemInstanceList
OK
hostname, instanceNr, httpPort, httpsPort, startPriority, features, dispstatus
hanadb1, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb2, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb3, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_STANDBY, GREEN
# Check the landscape status
python /usr/sap/HN1/HDB03/exe/python_support/landscapeHostConfiguration.py
| Host    | Host   | Host   | Failover | Remove | Storage   | Storage   | Failover | Failover | NameServer | NameServer | IndexServer | IndexServer | Host    | Host    | Worker  | Worker  |
|         | Active | Status | Status   | Status | Config    | Actual    | Config   | Actual   | Config     | Actual     | Config      | Actual      | Config  | Actual  | Config  | Actual  |
|         |        |        |          |        | Partition | Partition | Group    | Group    | Role       | Role       | Role        | Role        | Roles   | Roles   | Groups  | Groups  |
| ------- | ------ | ------ | -------- | ------ | --------- | --------- | -------- | -------- | ---------- | ---------- | ----------- | ----------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| hanadb1 | yes    | info   |          |        |         1 |         0 | default  | default  | master 1   | slave      | worker      | standby     | worker  | standby | default | -       |
| hanadb2 | yes    | ok     |          |        |         2 |         2 | default  | default  | master 2   | slave      | worker      | slave       | worker  | worker  | default | default |
| hanadb3 | yes    | info   |          |        |         0 |         1 | default  | default  | master 3   | master     | standby     | master      | standby | worker  | default | default |

    4. Again, kill the name server on the currently active master node (that is, on node hanadb3).

      hn1adm@hanadb3:/usr/sap/HN1/HDB03> HDB kill

      Node hanadb1 will resume the role of master node. After the failover test has been completed, the status will look like this:

      # Check the instance status
sapcontrol -nr 03  -function GetSystemInstanceList & python /usr/sap/HN1/HDB03/exe/python_support/landscapeHostConfiguration.py
GetSystemInstanceList
OK
hostname, instanceNr, httpPort, httpsPort, startPriority, features, dispstatus
GetSystemInstanceList
OK
hostname, instanceNr, httpPort, httpsPort, startPriority, features, dispstatus
hanadb1, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb2, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb3, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_STANDBY, GRAY

# Check the landscape status
python /usr/sap/HN1/HDB03/exe/python_support/landscapeHostConfiguration.py
| Host    | Host   | Host   | Failover | Remove | Storage   | Storage   | Failover | Failover | NameServer | NameServer | IndexServer | IndexServer | Host    | Host    | Worker  | Worker  |
|         | Active | Status | Status   | Status | Config    | Actual    | Config   | Actual   | Config     | Actual     | Config      | Actual      | Config  | Actual  | Config  | Actual  |
|         |        |        |          |        | Partition | Partition | Group    | Group    | Role       | Role       | Role        | Role        | Roles   | Roles   | Groups  | Groups  |
| ------- | ------ | ------ | -------- | ------ | --------- | --------- | -------- | -------- | ---------- | ---------- | ----------- | ----------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| hanadb1 | yes    | ok     |          |        |         1 |         1 | default  | default  | master 1   | master     | worker      | master      | worker  | worker  | default | default |
| hanadb2 | yes    | ok     |          |        |         2 |         2 | default  | default  | master 2   | slave      | worker      | slave       | worker  | worker  | default | default |
| hanadb3 | no     | ignore |          |        |         0 |         0 | default  | default  | master 3   | slave      | standby     | standby     | standby | standby | default | -       |

    5. Start SAP HANA on hanadb3, which will be ready to serve as a standby node.

      hn1adm@hanadb3:/usr/sap/HN1/HDB03> HDB start

      After SAP HANA has started on hanadb3, the status looks like the following:

      # Check the instance status
sapcontrol -nr 03  -function GetSystemInstanceList & python /usr/sap/HN1/HDB03/exe/python_support/landscapeHostConfiguration.py
GetSystemInstanceList
OK
hostname, instanceNr, httpPort, httpsPort, startPriority, features, dispstatus
GetSystemInstanceList
OK
hostname, instanceNr, httpPort, httpsPort, startPriority, features, dispstatus
hanadb1, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb2, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_WORKER, GREEN
hanadb3, 3, 50313, 50314, 0.3, HDB|HDB_STANDBY, GRAY
# Check the landscape status
python /usr/sap/HN1/HDB03/exe/python_support/landscapeHostConfiguration.py
| Host    | Host   | Host   | Failover | Remove | Storage   | Storage   | Failover | Failover | NameServer | NameServer | IndexServer | IndexServer | Host    | Host    | Worker  | Worker  |
|         | Active | Status | Status   | Status | Config    | Actual    | Config   | Actual   | Config     | Actual     | Config      | Actual      | Config  | Actual  | Config  | Actual  |
|         |        |        |          |        | Partition | Partition | Group    | Group    | Role       | Role       | Role        | Role        | Roles   | Roles   | Groups  | Groups  |
| ------- | ------ | ------ | -------- | ------ | --------- | --------- | -------- | -------- | ---------- | ---------- | ----------- | ----------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| hanadb1 | yes    | ok     |          |        |         1 |         1 | default  | default  | master 1   | master     | worker      | master      | worker  | worker  | default | default |
| hanadb2 | yes    | ok     |          |        |         2 |         2 | default  | default  | master 2   | slave      | worker      | slave       | worker  | worker  | default | default |
| hanadb3 | no     | ignore |          |        |         0 |         0 | default  | default  | master 3   | slave      | standby     | standby     | standby | standby | default | -       |

Next steps