SemanticValue Class

Reference

Definition

Namespace:: System.Speech.Recognition

Assembly:: System.Speech.dll

Package:: System.Speech v8.0.0

Package:: System.Speech v9.0.0-rc.2.24473.5

Source:: SemanticValue.cs

Source:: SemanticValue.cs

Source:: SemanticValue.cs

Important

Some information relates to prerelease product that may be substantially modified before it’s released. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, with respect to the information provided here.

Represents the semantic organization of a recognized phrase.

public ref class SemanticValue sealed : System::Collections::Generic::ICollection<System::Collections::Generic::KeyValuePair<System::String ^, System::Speech::Recognition::SemanticValue ^>>, System::Collections::Generic::IDictionary<System::String ^, System::Speech::Recognition::SemanticValue ^>, System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<System::Collections::Generic::KeyValuePair<System::String ^, System::Speech::Recognition::SemanticValue ^>>

public sealed class SemanticValue : System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<string,System.Speech.Recognition.SemanticValue>>, System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<string,System.Speech.Recognition.SemanticValue>, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<string,System.Speech.Recognition.SemanticValue>>

[System.Serializable]
public sealed class SemanticValue : System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<string,System.Speech.Recognition.SemanticValue>>, System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<string,System.Speech.Recognition.SemanticValue>, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<string,System.Speech.Recognition.SemanticValue>>

type SemanticValue = class
    interface ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, SemanticValue>>
    interface seq<KeyValuePair<string, SemanticValue>>
    interface IEnumerable
    interface IDictionary<string, SemanticValue>

[<System.Serializable>]
type SemanticValue = class
    interface IDictionary<string, SemanticValue>
    interface ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, SemanticValue>>
    interface seq<KeyValuePair<string, SemanticValue>>
    interface IEnumerable

Public NotInheritable Class SemanticValue
Implements ICollection(Of KeyValuePair(Of String, SemanticValue)), IDictionary(Of String, SemanticValue), IEnumerable(Of KeyValuePair(Of String, SemanticValue))

Inheritance: Object
SemanticValue

Attributes: SerializableAttribute

Implements: ICollection<KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>> ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>> IDictionary<String,SemanticValue> IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>> IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>> IEnumerable<T> IEnumerable

Examples

The following example shows a handler for a SpeechRecognized event designed to handle commands to change foreground and background color.

The handler identifies recognized phrases that have no underlying semantic structure by detecting a Count of zero and a Value of null. This recognition output is then processed directly by parsing the raw text.

In other cases, the handler uses keys to obtain the RGB components of a color name, to determine whether the command will change the foreground or background, or to indicate that no valid key was found.

newGrammar.SpeechRecognized +=  
  delegate(object sender, SpeechRecognizedEventArgs eventArgs)   
  {  

    // Retrieve the value of the semantic property.  
    bool changeBackGround = true;  
    string errorString = "";  
    SemanticValue semantics = eventArgs.Result.Semantics;  

    Color newColor = Color.Empty;  

    try   
    {  
      if (semantics.Count == 0 && semantics.Value==null)  
      {  
        // Signifies recognition by a grammar with no semantics.  
        // Parse the string, assuming that the last word is color,  
        // and search for "background" or "foreground" in the input.  
        if (eventArgs.Result.Text.Contains("foreground"))   
        {  
          changeBackGround = false;  
        }  
        string cName = eventArgs.Result.Words[eventArgs.Result.Words.Count - 1].Text;  
        newColor = Color.FromName(cName);  

      }  
      else if (semantics.ContainsKey("colorStringList") ^ semantics.ContainsKey("colorRGBValueList"))   
      {  

        // Determine whether to change background or foreground.  
        if (semantics.ContainsKey("applyChgToBackground"))   
        {  
          changeBackGround = semantics["applyChgToBackground"].Value is bool;  
        }  

        // Get the RGB color value.  
        if (semantics.ContainsKey("colorStringList"))   
        {  
          newColor = Color.FromName((string)semantics["colorStringList"].Value);  
        }  
        if (semantics.ContainsKey("colorRGBValueList"))   
        {  
          newColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb((int)semantics["colorRGBValueList"].Value);  
        }  
      }  
      else   
      {  

        // Throw an exception if the semantics do not contain the keys we  
        // support.  
        throw(new Exception("Unsupported semantics keys found."));  
      }  
    }  

    catch (Exception exp)   
    {  
      MessageBox.Show(String.Format("Unable to process color semantics.:\n{0}\n", exp.Message));  
      return;  
    }  

    // Change colors, either foreground or background.  
    if (changeBackGround)   
    {  
      BackColor = newColor;  
      float Bright = BackColor.GetBrightness();  
      float Hue = BackColor.GetHue();  
      float Sat = BackColor.GetSaturation();  

      // Make sure that text is readable regardless of the background.  
      if (BackColor.GetBrightness() <= .50)   
      {  
        ForeColor = Color.White;  
      }  
      else   
      {  
        ForeColor = Color.Black;  
      }  
    }  
    else   
    {  
      ForeColor = newColor;  
      float Bright = ForeColor.GetBrightness();  
      float Hue = ForeColor.GetHue();  
      float Sat = ForeColor.GetSaturation();  

      // Make sure that text is readable regardless of Foreground.  
      if (ForeColor.GetBrightness() <= .50)   
      {  
        BackColor = Color.White;  
      }  
      else   
      {  
        BackColor = Color.Black;  
      }  
    }  
    return;  
  };

Remarks

SemanticValue is the primary object that implements the semantic technology in System.Speech. Semantic interpretation allows grammars to define rules for use by a recognition engine to correctly interpret audio input. Semantic interpretation also enables recognition engines to organize their results so that they can be more easily processed, rather than returning only recognized words and sequences of words.

For example, the recognition engine output "Change background to red" would have to be parsed and interpreted by an application before it could be acted upon. A Grammar object can specify a semantic interpretation to make processing clearer by specifying that the phrase has two semantic substructures, one for selecting background or foreground (represented by the text "background"), and the other for selecting color (represented by the text "red").

System.Speech represents the semantics of a recognition operation in a tree of SemanticValue objects.

Each SemanticValue instance includes the following:

An Object, accessed by means of the Value property, used to key the instance of the SemanticValue.
A measure of the accuracy of semantic parsing, returned by the Confidence property.
A collection of name/value pairs (KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>) of child objects, which are also SemanticValue instances. Child nodes are accessible through the SemanticValue implementation of IDictionary<TKey,TValue> using a string lookup key and a SemanticValue instance, as in the following example.
```
foreach (KeyValuePair<String, SemanticValue> child in semantics)   
{  
  Utils.CreateSemanticsTreeNodes(semanticsNode.Nodes, child.Value, child.Key);  
}  
```

Recognition engines based on System.Speech provide valid instances of SemanticValue for all output from recognition, even for phrases with no explicit semantic structure.

The SemanticValue instance for a phrase is obtained using the Semantics property on the RecognizedPhrase object (or objects that inherit from it, such as RecognitionResult).

SemanticValue objects obtained for recognized phrases without semantic structure are characterized by:

The lack of children (Count is 0).
The Value property is null.
An artificial semantic confidence level of 1.0 (returned by Confidence).

Typically, applications create SemanticValue instances indirectly, adding them to Grammar objects by using SemanticResultValue and SemanticResultKey instances, in conjunction with Choices and GrammarBuilder objects.

Direct construction of a SemanticValue instance is useful during the creation of strongly-typed grammars.

SemanticValue implements the IDictionary<TKey,TValue>, ICollection<T>, and IEnumerable<T> interfaces.

Constructors

SemanticValue(Object)	Initializes a new instance of the SemanticValue class and specifies a semantic value.
SemanticValue(String, Object, Single)	Initializes a new instance of the SemanticValue class and specifies a semantic value, a key name, and a confidence level.

Properties

Confidence	Returns a relative measure of the certainty as to the correctness of the semantic parsing that returned the current instance of SemanticValue.
Count	Returns the number of child SemanticValue objects under the current SemanticValue instance.
Item[String]	Returns child SemanticValue instances that belong to the current SemanticValue.
Value	A read-only property that returns the information contained in the current SemanticValue.

Methods

Contains(KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>)	Indicates whether the current SemanticValue instance collection contains a specific key and a specific instance of SemanticValue expressed as a key/value pair.
ContainsKey(String)	Indicates whether the current SemanticValue instance collection contains a child SemanticValue instance with a given key string.
Equals(Object)	Determines whether a specified object is an instance of `SemanticValue` and equal to the current instance of `SemanticValue`.
GetHashCode()	Provides a hash code for a `SemanticValue` object.
GetType()	Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object)
MemberwiseClone()	Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object)
ToString()	Returns a string that represents the current object. (Inherited from Object)

Explicit Interface Implementations

ICollection<KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>>.Add(KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>)	Adds the specified key and SemanticValue to the collection.
ICollection<KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>>.Clear()	Removes all key/value pairs from the collection.
ICollection<KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>>.CopyTo(KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>[], Int32)	Copies a key/value pair to a specific location in a targeted array.
ICollection<KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>>.IsReadOnly	Gets a value that indicates whether the collection is read-only.
ICollection<KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>>.Remove(KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>)	Removes the specified key and SemanticValue from the collection.
IDictionary<String,SemanticValue>.Add(String, SemanticValue)	Adds the specified key and SemanticValue to the dictionary.
IDictionary<String,SemanticValue>.Keys	Gets a collection that contains the keys from a dictionary of key/value pairs.
IDictionary<String,SemanticValue>.Remove(String)	Removes the specified key and SemanticValue from the dictionary.
IDictionary<String,SemanticValue>.TryGetValue(String, SemanticValue)	Gets the SemanticValue associated with the specified key.
IDictionary<String,SemanticValue>.Values	Gets a collection that contains the values from a dictionary of key/value pairs.
IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()	Returns an enumerator that iterates through a collection.
IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<String,SemanticValue>>.GetEnumerator()	Returns an enumerator that iterates through a collection.

Extension Methods

ToFrozenDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a FrozenDictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to specified key selector function.
ToFrozenDictionary<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a FrozenDictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to specified key selector and element selector functions.
ToFrozenSet<T>(IEnumerable<T>, IEqualityComparer<T>)	Creates a FrozenSet<T> with the specified values.
AsReadOnly<TKey,TValue>(IDictionary<TKey,TValue>)	Returns a read-only ReadOnlyDictionary<TKey,TValue> wrapper for the current dictionary.
Remove<TKey,TValue>(IDictionary<TKey,TValue>, TKey, TValue)	Tries to remove the value with the specified `key` from the `dictionary`.
TryAdd<TKey,TValue>(IDictionary<TKey,TValue>, TKey, TValue)	Tries to add the specified `key` and `value` to the `dictionary`.
ToImmutableArray<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Creates an immutable array from the specified collection.
ToImmutableDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Constructs an immutable dictionary from an existing collection of elements, applying a transformation function to the source keys.
ToImmutableDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Constructs an immutable dictionary based on some transformation of a sequence.
ToImmutableDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable dictionary of its contents.
ToImmutableDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable dictionary of its contents by using the specified key comparer.
ToImmutableDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TValue>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable dictionary of its contents by using the specified key and value comparers.
ToImmutableHashSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Enumerates a sequence and produces an immutable hash set of its contents.
ToImmutableHashSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Enumerates a sequence, produces an immutable hash set of its contents, and uses the specified equality comparer for the set type.
ToImmutableList<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Enumerates a sequence and produces an immutable list of its contents.
ToImmutableSortedDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable sorted dictionary of its contents.
ToImmutableSortedDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>, IComparer<TKey>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable sorted dictionary of its contents by using the specified key comparer.
ToImmutableSortedDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>, IComparer<TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TValue>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable sorted dictionary of its contents by using the specified key and value comparers.
ToImmutableSortedSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Enumerates a sequence and produces an immutable sorted set of its contents.
ToImmutableSortedSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IComparer<TSource>)	Enumerates a sequence, produces an immutable sorted set of its contents, and uses the specified comparer.
CopyToDataTable<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a DataTable that contains copies of the DataRow objects, given an input IEnumerable<T> object where the generic parameter `T` is DataRow.
CopyToDataTable<T>(IEnumerable<T>, DataTable, LoadOption)	Copies DataRow objects to the specified DataTable, given an input IEnumerable<T> object where the generic parameter `T` is DataRow.
CopyToDataTable<T>(IEnumerable<T>, DataTable, LoadOption, FillErrorEventHandler)	Copies DataRow objects to the specified DataTable, given an input IEnumerable<T> object where the generic parameter `T` is DataRow.
Aggregate<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TSource,TSource>)	Applies an accumulator function over a sequence.
Aggregate<TSource,TAccumulate>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TAccumulate, Func<TAccumulate,TSource,TAccumulate>)	Applies an accumulator function over a sequence. The specified seed value is used as the initial accumulator value.
Aggregate<TSource,TAccumulate,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TAccumulate, Func<TAccumulate,TSource,TAccumulate>, Func<TAccumulate,TResult>)	Applies an accumulator function over a sequence. The specified seed value is used as the initial accumulator value, and the specified function is used to select the result value.
AggregateBy<TSource,TKey,TAccumulate>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource, TKey>, TAccumulate, Func<TAccumulate,TSource,TAccumulate>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Applies an accumulator function over a sequence, grouping results by key.
AggregateBy<TSource,TKey,TAccumulate>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource, TKey>, Func<TKey,TAccumulate>, Func<TAccumulate,TSource,TAccumulate>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Applies an accumulator function over a sequence, grouping results by key.
All<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Determines whether all elements of a sequence satisfy a condition.
Any<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Determines whether a sequence contains any elements.
Any<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Determines whether any element of a sequence satisfies a condition.
Append<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Appends a value to the end of the sequence.
AsEnumerable<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the input typed as IEnumerable<T>.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)	Computes the average of a sequence of Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)	Computes the average of a sequence of Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)	Computes the average of a sequence of Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)	Computes the average of a sequence of Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)	Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)	Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)	Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)	Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)	Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)	Computes the average of a sequence of Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Cast<TResult>(IEnumerable)	Casts the elements of an IEnumerable to the specified type.
Chunk<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Splits the elements of a sequence into chunks of size at most `size`.
Concat<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)	Concatenates two sequences.
Contains<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Determines whether a sequence contains a specified element by using the default equality comparer.
Contains<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Determines whether a sequence contains a specified element by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T>.
Count<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the number of elements in a sequence.
Count<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns a number that represents how many elements in the specified sequence satisfy a condition.
CountBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Returns the count of elements in the source sequence grouped by key.
DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the elements of the specified sequence or the type parameter's default value in a singleton collection if the sequence is empty.
DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Returns the elements of the specified sequence or the specified value in a singleton collection if the sequence is empty.
Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns distinct elements from a sequence by using the default equality comparer to compare values.
Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Returns distinct elements from a sequence by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.
DistinctBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Returns distinct elements from a sequence according to a specified key selector function.
DistinctBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Returns distinct elements from a sequence according to a specified key selector function and using a specified comparer to compare keys.
ElementAt<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Index)	Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence.
ElementAt<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence.
ElementAtOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Index)	Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence or a default value if the index is out of range.
ElementAtOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence or a default value if the index is out of range.
Except<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)	Produces the set difference of two sequences by using the default equality comparer to compare values.
Except<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Produces the set difference of two sequences by using the specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.
ExceptBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Produces the set difference of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
ExceptBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Produces the set difference of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
First<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the first element of a sequence.
First<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the first element in a sequence that satisfies a specified condition.
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the first element of a sequence, or a default value if the sequence contains no elements.
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Returns the first element of a sequence, or a specified default value if the sequence contains no elements.
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the first element of the sequence that satisfies a condition or a default value if no such element is found.
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>, TSource)	Returns the first element of the sequence that satisfies a condition, or a specified default value if no such element is found.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and compares the keys by using a specified comparer.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and projects the elements for each group by using a specified function.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a key selector function. The keys are compared by using a comparer and each group's elements are projected by using a specified function.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TSource>,TResult>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TSource>,TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key. The keys are compared by using a specified comparer.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TElement>,TResult>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key. The elements of each group are projected by using a specified function.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource, TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TElement>, TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key. Key values are compared by using a specified comparer, and the elements of each group are projected by using a specified function.
GroupJoin<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,IEnumerable<TInner>, TResult>)	Correlates the elements of two sequences based on equality of keys and groups the results. The default equality comparer is used to compare keys.
GroupJoin<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,IEnumerable<TInner>, TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Correlates the elements of two sequences based on key equality and groups the results. A specified IEqualityComparer<T> is used to compare keys.
Index<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns an enumerable that incorporates the element's index into a tuple.
Intersect<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)	Produces the set intersection of two sequences by using the default equality comparer to compare values.
Intersect<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Produces the set intersection of two sequences by using the specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.
IntersectBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Produces the set intersection of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
IntersectBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Produces the set intersection of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
Join<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,TInner,TResult>)	Correlates the elements of two sequences based on matching keys. The default equality comparer is used to compare keys.
Join<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,TInner,TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Correlates the elements of two sequences based on matching keys. A specified IEqualityComparer<T> is used to compare keys.
Last<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the last element of a sequence.
Last<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the last element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition.
LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the last element of a sequence, or a default value if the sequence contains no elements.
LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Returns the last element of a sequence, or a specified default value if the sequence contains no elements.
LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the last element of a sequence that satisfies a condition or a default value if no such element is found.
LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>, TSource)	Returns the last element of a sequence that satisfies a condition, or a specified default value if no such element is found.
LongCount<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns an Int64 that represents the total number of elements in a sequence.
LongCount<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns an Int64 that represents how many elements in a sequence satisfy a condition.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IComparer<TSource>)	Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Decimal value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Double value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Int32 value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Int64 value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Decimal value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Double value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Int32 value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Int64 value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Single value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Single value.
Max<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TResult>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a generic sequence and returns the maximum resulting value.
MaxBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function.
MaxBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)	Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IComparer<TSource>)	Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Decimal value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Double value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Int32 value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Int64 value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Decimal value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Double value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Int32 value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Int64 value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Single value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Single value.
Min<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TResult>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a generic sequence and returns the minimum resulting value.
MinBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function.
MinBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)	Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.
OfType<TResult>(IEnumerable)	Filters the elements of an IEnumerable based on a specified type.
Order<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order.
Order<T>(IEnumerable<T>, IComparer<T>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order.
OrderBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order according to a key.
OrderBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order by using a specified comparer.
OrderByDescending<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order according to a key.
OrderByDescending<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order by using a specified comparer.
OrderDescending<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order.
OrderDescending<T>(IEnumerable<T>, IComparer<T>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order.
Prepend<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Adds a value to the beginning of the sequence.
Reverse<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Inverts the order of the elements in a sequence.
Select<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TResult>)	Projects each element of a sequence into a new form.
Select<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,TResult>)	Projects each element of a sequence into a new form by incorporating the element's index.
SelectMany<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,IEnumerable<TResult>>)	Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T> and flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence.
SelectMany<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,IEnumerable<TResult>>)	Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T>, and flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence. The index of each source element is used in the projected form of that element.
SelectMany<TSource,TCollection,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,IEnumerable<TCollection>>, Func<TSource,TCollection,TResult>)	Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T>, flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence, and invokes a result selector function on each element therein.
SelectMany<TSource,TCollection,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,IEnumerable<TCollection>>, Func<TSource,TCollection,TResult>)	Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T>, flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence, and invokes a result selector function on each element therein. The index of each source element is used in the intermediate projected form of that element.
SequenceEqual<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)	Determines whether two sequences are equal by comparing the elements by using the default equality comparer for their type.
SequenceEqual<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Determines whether two sequences are equal by comparing their elements by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T>.
Single<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the only element of a sequence, and throws an exception if there is not exactly one element in the sequence.
Single<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the only element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition, and throws an exception if more than one such element exists.
SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the only element of a sequence, or a default value if the sequence is empty; this method throws an exception if there is more than one element in the sequence.
SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Returns the only element of a sequence, or a specified default value if the sequence is empty; this method throws an exception if there is more than one element in the sequence.
SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the only element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition or a default value if no such element exists; this method throws an exception if more than one element satisfies the condition.
SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>, TSource)	Returns the only element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition, or a specified default value if no such element exists; this method throws an exception if more than one element satisfies the condition.
Skip<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Bypasses a specified number of elements in a sequence and then returns the remaining elements.
SkipLast<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Returns a new enumerable collection that contains the elements from `source` with the last `count` elements of the source collection omitted.
SkipWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Bypasses elements in a sequence as long as a specified condition is true and then returns the remaining elements.
SkipWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,Boolean>)	Bypasses elements in a sequence as long as a specified condition is true and then returns the remaining elements. The element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Take<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Returns a specified number of contiguous elements from the start of a sequence.
Take<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Range)	Returns a specified range of contiguous elements from a sequence.
TakeLast<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Returns a new enumerable collection that contains the last `count` elements from `source`.
TakeWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns elements from a sequence as long as a specified condition is true.
TakeWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,Boolean>)	Returns elements from a sequence as long as a specified condition is true. The element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.
ToArray<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Creates an array from a IEnumerable<T>.
ToDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function.
ToDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.
ToDictionary<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>)	Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to specified key selector and element selector functions.
ToDictionary<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function, a comparer, and an element selector function.
ToHashSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Creates a HashSet<T> from an IEnumerable<T>.
ToHashSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Creates a HashSet<T> from an IEnumerable<T> using the `comparer` to compare keys.
ToList<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Creates a List<T> from an IEnumerable<T>.
ToLookup<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function.
ToLookup<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.
ToLookup<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>)	Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to specified key selector and element selector functions.
ToLookup<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function, a comparer and an element selector function.
TryGetNonEnumeratedCount<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Attempts to determine the number of elements in a sequence without forcing an enumeration.
Union<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)	Produces the set union of two sequences by using the default equality comparer.
Union<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Produces the set union of two sequences by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T>.
UnionBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Produces the set union of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
UnionBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Produces the set union of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
Where<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Filters a sequence of values based on a predicate.
Where<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,Boolean>)	Filters a sequence of values based on a predicate. Each element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.
Zip<TFirst,TSecond>(IEnumerable<TFirst>, IEnumerable<TSecond>)	Produces a sequence of tuples with elements from the two specified sequences.
Zip<TFirst,TSecond,TThird>(IEnumerable<TFirst>, IEnumerable<TSecond>, IEnumerable<TThird>)	Produces a sequence of tuples with elements from the three specified sequences.
Zip<TFirst,TSecond,TResult>(IEnumerable<TFirst>, IEnumerable<TSecond>, Func<TFirst,TSecond,TResult>)	Applies a specified function to the corresponding elements of two sequences, producing a sequence of the results.
AsParallel(IEnumerable)	Enables parallelization of a query.
AsParallel<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Enables parallelization of a query.
AsQueryable(IEnumerable)	Converts an IEnumerable to an IQueryable.
AsQueryable<TElement>(IEnumerable<TElement>)	Converts a generic IEnumerable<T> to a generic IQueryable<T>.
Ancestors<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of elements that contains the ancestors of every node in the source collection.
Ancestors<T>(IEnumerable<T>, XName)	Returns a filtered collection of elements that contains the ancestors of every node in the source collection. Only elements that have a matching XName are included in the collection.
DescendantNodes<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of the descendant nodes of every document and element in the source collection.
Descendants<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of elements that contains the descendant elements of every element and document in the source collection.
Descendants<T>(IEnumerable<T>, XName)	Returns a filtered collection of elements that contains the descendant elements of every element and document in the source collection. Only elements that have a matching XName are included in the collection.
Elements<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of the child elements of every element and document in the source collection.
Elements<T>(IEnumerable<T>, XName)	Returns a filtered collection of the child elements of every element and document in the source collection. Only elements that have a matching XName are included in the collection.
InDocumentOrder<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of nodes that contains all nodes in the source collection, sorted in document order.
Nodes<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of the child nodes of every document and element in the source collection.
Remove<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Removes every node in the source collection from its parent node.

Applies to

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