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Практическое руководство. Анимирование свойства с помощью раскадровки (класс Storyboard)

В этом примере показано, как использовать Storyboard для анимации свойств. Чтобы анимировать свойство с помощью Storyboard, создайте анимацию для каждого свойства, которое вы хотите анимировать, а также создайте Storyboard, где будет содержаться анимация.

Тип свойства определяет тип используемой анимации. Например, чтобы анимировать свойство, которое имеет значение Double, используйте DoubleAnimation. Вложенные свойства TargetName и TargetProperty указывают объект и свойство, к которому применяется анимация.

Чтобы запустить раскадровку на языке Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML), используйте действие BeginStoryboard и EventTrigger. EventTrigger запускает действие BeginStoryboard при наступлении события, определенного его свойством RoutedEvent. Действие BeginStoryboard запускает Storyboard.

В следующем примере используются объекты Storyboard для анимации двух элементов управления Button. Чтобы первая кнопка изменила размер, анимируется ее свойство Width. Чтобы вторая кнопка изменила цвет, используется свойство Color для SolidColorBrush для определения Background кнопки, к которой применяется анимация.

Пример

<!-- StoryboardExample.xaml
     Uses storyboards to animate properties. -->
<Page
  xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
  xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
  WindowTitle="Animate Properties with Storyboards">

  <Border Background="White">
    <StackPanel Margin="30" HorizontalAlignment="Left" MinWidth="500">

      <TextBlock>Storyboard Animation Example</TextBlock>
      
      <!-- The width of this button is animated. -->
      <Button Name="myWidthAnimatedButton"
        Height="30" Width="200" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
        A Button   
        <Button.Triggers>
        
          <!-- Animates the width of the first button 
               from 200 to 300. -->         
          <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Button.Click">
            <BeginStoryboard>
              <Storyboard>           
                <DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="myWidthAnimatedButton"
                  Storyboard.TargetProperty="Width"
                  From="200" To="300" Duration="0:0:3" />
              </Storyboard>
            </BeginStoryboard>
          </EventTrigger>
        </Button.Triggers>
      </Button>

      <!-- The color of the brush used to paint this button is animated. -->
      <Button Height="30" Width="200" 
        HorizontalAlignment="Left">Another Button
        <Button.Background>
          <SolidColorBrush x:Name="myAnimatedBrush" Color="Blue" />
        </Button.Background>
        <Button.Triggers>
        
        <!-- Animates the color of the brush used to paint 
             the second button from red to blue . -->             
          <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Button.Click">    
            <BeginStoryboard>
              <Storyboard>
                <ColorAnimation 
                  Storyboard.TargetName="myAnimatedBrush"
                  Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color"
                  From="Red" To="Blue" Duration="0:0:7" />
              </Storyboard>
            </BeginStoryboard>
          </EventTrigger>
        </Button.Triggers>
      </Button>
    </StackPanel>
  </Border>
</Page>

Примечание.

Несмотря на то, что анимации могут относиться как к объекту FrameworkElement, например, Control или Panel, так и к объекту Freezable, например, Brush или Transform, только элементы платформы имеют свойство Name. Для назначения имени объекту freezable, чтобы его можно было использовать в анимации, следует использовать директиву x:Name, как показано в предыдущем примере.

Если вы используете код, вы должны создать NameScope для FrameworkElement и зарегистрировать имена объектов, которых нужно анимировать, в этом классе FrameworkElement. Для запуска анимации в коде используйте действие BeginStoryboard с EventTrigger. Как вариант, вы можете использовать обработчик событий и метод Begin класса Storyboard. В следующем примере показано, как использовать метод Begin.

using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;

namespace Microsoft.Samples.Animation.AnimatingWithStoryboards
{

    // Uses a storyboard to animate the properties
    // of two buttons.
    public class StoryboardExample : Page
    {

        public StoryboardExample()
        {
            // Create a name scope for the page.
            NameScope.SetNameScope(this, new NameScope());

            this.WindowTitle = "Animate Properties using Storyboards";
            StackPanel myStackPanel = new StackPanel();
            myStackPanel.MinWidth = 500;
            myStackPanel.Margin = new Thickness(30);
            myStackPanel.HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left;
            TextBlock myTextBlock = new TextBlock();
            myTextBlock.Text = "Storyboard Animation Example";
            myStackPanel.Children.Add(myTextBlock);

            //
            // Create and animate the first button.
            //

            // Create a button.
            Button myWidthAnimatedButton = new Button();
            myWidthAnimatedButton.Height = 30;
            myWidthAnimatedButton.Width = 200;
            myWidthAnimatedButton.HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left;
            myWidthAnimatedButton.Content = "A Button";

            // Set the Name of the button so that it can be referred
            // to in the storyboard that's created later.
            // The ID doesn't have to match the variable name;
            // it can be any unique identifier.
            myWidthAnimatedButton.Name = "myWidthAnimatedButton";

            // Register the name with the page to which the button belongs.
            this.RegisterName(myWidthAnimatedButton.Name, myWidthAnimatedButton);

            // Create a DoubleAnimation to animate the width of the button.
            DoubleAnimation myDoubleAnimation = new DoubleAnimation();
            myDoubleAnimation.From = 200;
            myDoubleAnimation.To = 300;
            myDoubleAnimation.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(3000));

            // Configure the animation to target the button's Width property.
            Storyboard.SetTargetName(myDoubleAnimation, myWidthAnimatedButton.Name);
            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(myDoubleAnimation, new PropertyPath(Button.WidthProperty));

            // Create a storyboard to contain the animation.
            Storyboard myWidthAnimatedButtonStoryboard = new Storyboard();
            myWidthAnimatedButtonStoryboard.Children.Add(myDoubleAnimation);

            // Animate the button width when it's clicked.
            myWidthAnimatedButton.Click += delegate(object sender, RoutedEventArgs args)
                {
                    myWidthAnimatedButtonStoryboard.Begin(myWidthAnimatedButton);
                };

            myStackPanel.Children.Add(myWidthAnimatedButton);

            //
            // Create and animate the second button.
            //

            // Create a second button.
            Button myColorAnimatedButton = new Button();
            myColorAnimatedButton.Height = 30;
            myColorAnimatedButton.Width = 200;
            myColorAnimatedButton.HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left;
            myColorAnimatedButton.Content = "Another Button";

            // Create a SolidColorBrush to paint the button's background.
            SolidColorBrush myBackgroundBrush = new SolidColorBrush();
            myBackgroundBrush.Color = Colors.Blue;

            // Because a Brush isn't a FrameworkElement, it doesn't
            // have a Name property to set. Instead, you just
            // register a name for the SolidColorBrush with
            // the page where it's used.
            this.RegisterName("myAnimatedBrush", myBackgroundBrush);

            // Use the brush to paint the background of the button.
            myColorAnimatedButton.Background = myBackgroundBrush;

            // Create a ColorAnimation to animate the button's background.
            ColorAnimation myColorAnimation = new ColorAnimation();
            myColorAnimation.From = Colors.Red;
            myColorAnimation.To = Colors.Blue;
            myColorAnimation.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(7000));

            // Configure the animation to target the brush's Color property.
            Storyboard.SetTargetName(myColorAnimation, "myAnimatedBrush");
            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(myColorAnimation, new PropertyPath(SolidColorBrush.ColorProperty));

            // Create a storyboard to contain the animation.
            Storyboard myColorAnimatedButtonStoryboard = new Storyboard();
            myColorAnimatedButtonStoryboard.Children.Add(myColorAnimation);

            // Animate the button background color when it's clicked.
            myColorAnimatedButton.Click += delegate(object sender, RoutedEventArgs args)
                {
                    myColorAnimatedButtonStoryboard.Begin(myColorAnimatedButton);
                };

            myStackPanel.Children.Add(myColorAnimatedButton);
            this.Content = myStackPanel;
        }
    }
}
Imports System.Windows
Imports System.Windows.Controls
Imports System.Windows.Media
Imports System.Windows.Media.Animation

Namespace SDKSample


    ' Uses a storyboard to animate the properties
    ' of two buttons.
    Public Class StoryboardExample
        Inherits Page
        
        Private Dim WithEvents myWidthAnimatedButton As Button
        Private Dim WithEvents myColorAnimatedButton As Button        
        Private Dim myWidthAnimatedButtonStoryboard As Storyboard
        Private Dim myColorAnimatedButtonStoryboard As Storyboard
        

        Public Sub New()
            ' Create a name scope for the page.
            NameScope.SetNameScope(Me, New NameScope())

            Me.WindowTitle = "Animate Properties using Storyboards"
            Dim myStackPanel As New StackPanel()
            myStackPanel.MinWidth = 500
            myStackPanel.Margin = New Thickness(30)
            myStackPanel.HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left
            Dim myTextBlock As New TextBlock()
            myTextBlock.Text = "Storyboard Animation Example"
            myStackPanel.Children.Add(myTextBlock)

            '
            ' Create and animate the first button.
            '

            ' Create a button.
            myWidthAnimatedButton = New Button()
            myWidthAnimatedButton.Height = 30
            myWidthAnimatedButton.Width = 200
            myWidthAnimatedButton.HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left
            myWidthAnimatedButton.Content = "A Button"

            ' Set the Name of the button so that it can be referred
            ' to in the storyboard that's created later.
            ' The ID doesn't have to match the variable name;
            ' it can be any unique identifier.
            myWidthAnimatedButton.Name = "myWidthAnimatedButton"

            ' Register the name with the page to which the button belongs.
            Me.RegisterName(myWidthAnimatedButton.Name, myWidthAnimatedButton)

            ' Create a DoubleAnimation to animate the width of the button.
            Dim myDoubleAnimation As New DoubleAnimation()
            myDoubleAnimation.From = 200
            myDoubleAnimation.To = 300
            myDoubleAnimation.Duration = New Duration(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(3000))

            ' Configure the animation to target the button's Width property.
            Storyboard.SetTargetName(myDoubleAnimation, myWidthAnimatedButton.Name)
            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(myDoubleAnimation, New PropertyPath(Button.WidthProperty))

            ' Create a storyboard to contain the animation.
            myWidthAnimatedButtonStoryboard = New Storyboard()
            myWidthAnimatedButtonStoryboard.Children.Add(myDoubleAnimation)

            myStackPanel.Children.Add(myWidthAnimatedButton)

            '
            ' Create and animate the second button.
            '

            ' Create a second button.
            myColorAnimatedButton = New Button()
            myColorAnimatedButton.Height = 30
            myColorAnimatedButton.Width = 200
            myColorAnimatedButton.HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left
            myColorAnimatedButton.Content = "Another Button"

            ' Create a SolidColorBrush to paint the button's background.
            Dim myBackgroundBrush As New SolidColorBrush()
            myBackgroundBrush.Color = Colors.Blue

            ' Because a Brush isn't a FrameworkElement, it doesn't
            ' have a Name property to set. Instead, you just
            ' register a name for the SolidColorBrush with
            ' the page where it's used.
            Me.RegisterName("myAnimatedBrush", myBackgroundBrush)

            ' Use the brush to paint the background of the button.
            myColorAnimatedButton.Background = myBackgroundBrush

            ' Create a ColorAnimation to animate the button's background.
            Dim myColorAnimation As New ColorAnimation()
            myColorAnimation.From = Colors.Red
            myColorAnimation.To = Colors.Blue
            myColorAnimation.Duration = New Duration(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(7000))

            ' Configure the animation to target the brush's Color property.
            Storyboard.SetTargetName(myColorAnimation, "myAnimatedBrush")
            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(myColorAnimation, New PropertyPath(SolidColorBrush.ColorProperty))

            ' Create a storyboard to contain the animation.
            myColorAnimatedButtonStoryboard = New Storyboard()
            myColorAnimatedButtonStoryboard.Children.Add(myColorAnimation)

            myStackPanel.Children.Add(myColorAnimatedButton)
            Me.Content = myStackPanel

        End Sub
        
        ' Start the animation when the button is clicked.
        Private Sub myWidthAnimatedButton_Loaded(ByVal sender as object, ByVal args as RoutedEventArgs) Handles myWidthAnimatedButton.Click
        
            myWidthAnimatedButtonStoryboard.Begin(myWidthAnimatedButton)
        
        End Sub        
        
        ' Start the animation when the button is clicked.
        Private Sub myColorAnimatedButton_Loaded(ByVal sender as object, ByVal args as RoutedEventArgs) Handles myColorAnimatedButton.Click
        
            myColorAnimatedButtonStoryboard.Begin(myColorAnimatedButton)
        
        End Sub           
        
    End Class
End Namespace

Дополнительные сведения об анимации и раскадровках см. в разделе Общие сведения об эффектах анимации.

Если используется код, для анимации свойств вы не ограничены использованием объектов Storyboard. Дополнительные сведения и примеры см. в разделах Анимация свойств без использования раскадровки и Анимация свойств с помощью AnimationClock.