How to: Exchange Queued Messages with WCF Endpoints
Queues ensure that reliable messaging can occur between a client and a Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) service, even if the service is not available at the time of communication. The following procedures show how to ensure durable communication between a client and a service by using the standard queued binding when implementing the WCF service.
This section explains how to use NetMsmqBinding for queued communication between a WCF client and a WCF service.
To use queuing in a WCF service
Define a service contract using an interface marked with the ServiceContractAttribute. Mark the operations in the interface that are part of the service contract with the OperationContractAttribute and specify them as one-way because no response to the method is returned. The following code provides an example service contract and its operation definition.
<ServiceContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _ Public Interface IOrderProcessor <OperationContract(IsOneWay := True)> _ Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder) End Interface
[ServiceContract(Namespace="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")] public interface IOrderProcessor { [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)] void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po); }
When the service contract passes user-defined types, define data contracts for those types. The following code shows two data contracts,
PurchaseOrder
andPurchaseOrderLineItem
these two types define data that is sent to the service. (Note that the classes that define this data contract also define a number of methods. These methods are not considered part of the data contract. Only those members that are declared with the DataMember attribute are part of the data contract.)<DataContract(Namespace := "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _ Public Class PurchaseOrder Private Shared ReadOnly OrderStates() As String = { "Pending", "Processed", "Shipped" } Private Shared statusIndexer As New Random(137) <DataMember> _ Public PONumber As String <DataMember> _ Public CustomerId As String <DataMember> _ Public orderLineItems() As PurchaseOrderLineItem Public ReadOnly Property TotalCost() As Single Get Dim totalCost_Renamed As Single = 0 For Each lineItem In orderLineItems totalCost_Renamed += lineItem.TotalCost Next lineItem Return totalCost_Renamed End Get End Property Public ReadOnly Property Status() As String Get Return OrderStates(statusIndexer.Next(3)) End Get End Property Public Overrides Function ToString() As String Dim strbuf As New System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " & PONumber & Constants.vbLf) strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Customer: " & CustomerId & Constants.vbLf) strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "OrderDetails" & Constants.vbLf) For Each lineItem In orderLineItems strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab + Constants.vbTab + lineItem.ToString()) Next lineItem strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Total cost of this order: $" & TotalCost + Constants.vbLf) strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Order status: " & Status + Constants.vbLf) Return strbuf.ToString() End Function End Class
[DataContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")] public class PurchaseOrder { static readonly string[] OrderStates = { "Pending", "Processed", "Shipped" }; static Random statusIndexer = new Random(137); [DataMember] public string PONumber; [DataMember] public string CustomerId; [DataMember] public PurchaseOrderLineItem[] orderLineItems; public float TotalCost { get { float totalCost = 0; foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems) totalCost += lineItem.TotalCost; return totalCost; } } public string Status { get { return OrderStates[statusIndexer.Next(3)]; } } public override string ToString() { System.Text.StringBuilder strbuf = new System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " + PONumber + "\n"); strbuf.Append("\tCustomer: " + CustomerId + "\n"); strbuf.Append("\tOrderDetails\n"); foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems) { strbuf.Append("\t\t" + lineItem.ToString()); } strbuf.Append("\tTotal cost of this order: $" + TotalCost + "\n"); strbuf.Append("\tOrder status: " + Status + "\n"); return strbuf.ToString(); } }
Implement the methods of the service contract defined in the interface in a class.
Public Class OrderProcessorService Implements IOrderProcessor <OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired := True, TransactionAutoComplete := True)> _ Public Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder) Implements IOrderProcessor.SubmitPurchaseOrder Orders.Add(po) Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po) End Sub End Class
public class OrderProcessorService : IOrderProcessor { [OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired = true, TransactionAutoComplete = true)] public void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po) { Orders.Add(po); Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po); } }
Notice the OperationBehaviorAttribute placed on the
SubmitPurchaseOrder
method. This specifies that this operation must be called within a transaction and that the transaction automatically completes when the method completes.Create a transactional queue using System.Messaging. You can choose to create the queue using Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Microsoft Management Console (MMC) instead. If so, make sure you create a transactional queue.
' Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary. If (Not MessageQueue.Exists(queueName)) Then MessageQueue.Create(queueName, True) End If
// Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary. if (!MessageQueue.Exists(queueName)) MessageQueue.Create(queueName, true);
Define a ServiceEndpoint in configuration that specifies the service address and uses the standard NetMsmqBinding binding. For more information about using WCF configuration, see Configuring Windows Communication Foundation Applications.
<services> <service name="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.OrderProcessorService" behaviorConfiguration="CalculatorServiceBehavior"> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="https://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service"/> </baseAddresses> </host> <!-- Define NetMsmqEndpoint --> <endpoint address="net.msmq://localhost/private/ServiceModelSamplesTransacted" binding="netMsmqBinding" contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.IOrderProcessor" /> <!-- the mex endpoint is exposed at https://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service/mex --> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> </service> </services>
Create a host for the OrderProcessing service using ServiceHost that reads messages from the queue and processes them. Open the service host to make the service available. Display a message that tells the user to press any key to terminate the service. Call ReadLine to wait for the key to be pressed and then close the service.
' Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type. Using serviceHost As New ServiceHost(GetType(OrderProcessorService)) ' Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages. serviceHost.Open() ' The service can now be accessed. Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.") Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.") Console.WriteLine() Console.ReadLine() ' Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service. serviceHost.Close() End Using
// Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type. using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(OrderProcessorService))) { // Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages. serviceHost.Open(); // The service can now be accessed. Console.WriteLine("The service is ready."); Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service."); Console.WriteLine(); Console.ReadLine(); // Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service. serviceHost.Close(); }
To create a client for the queued service
Run the hosting application and use the Svcutil.exe tool to create the WCF client. The following command line shows how to do this.
svcutil https://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service
Define a ServiceEndpoint in configuration that specifies the address and uses the standard NetMsmqBinding binding.
<client> <!-- Define NetMsmqEndpoint --> <endpoint address="net.msmq://localhost/private/ServiceModelSamplesTransacted" binding="netMsmqBinding" contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.IOrderProcessor" /> </client>
Create a transaction scope to write to the transactional queue, call the
SubmitPurchaseOrder
operation and close the WCF client.'Create a transaction scope. Using scope As New TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required) ' Make a queued call to submit the purchase order. client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po) ' Complete the transaction. scope.Complete() End Using 'Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources. client.Close()
//Create a transaction scope. using (TransactionScope scope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required)) { // Make a queued call to submit the purchase order. client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po); // Complete the transaction. scope.Complete(); } //Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources. client.Close();
Example
' This is the service code
' Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Imports System
Imports System.ServiceModel.Channels
Imports System.Configuration
Imports System.Messaging
Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Transactions
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
' Define the purchase order line item.
<DataContract(Namespace := "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
Public Class PurchaseOrderLineItem
<DataMember> _
Public ProductId As String
<DataMember> _
Public UnitCost As Single
<DataMember> _
Public Quantity As Integer
Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
Dim displayString As String = "Order LineItem: " & Quantity & " of " & ProductId & " @unit price: $" & UnitCost + Constants.vbLf
Return displayString
End Function
Public ReadOnly Property TotalCost() As Single
Get
Return UnitCost * Quantity
End Get
End Property
End Class
' Define the purchase order.
<DataContract(Namespace := "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
Public Class PurchaseOrder
Private Shared ReadOnly OrderStates() As String = { "Pending", "Processed", "Shipped" }
Private Shared statusIndexer As New Random(137)
<DataMember> _
Public PONumber As String
<DataMember> _
Public CustomerId As String
<DataMember> _
Public orderLineItems() As PurchaseOrderLineItem
Public ReadOnly Property TotalCost() As Single
Get
Dim totalCost_Renamed As Single = 0
For Each lineItem In orderLineItems
totalCost_Renamed += lineItem.TotalCost
Next lineItem
Return totalCost_Renamed
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property Status() As String
Get
Return OrderStates(statusIndexer.Next(3))
End Get
End Property
Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
Dim strbuf As New System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " & PONumber & Constants.vbLf)
strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Customer: " & CustomerId & Constants.vbLf)
strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "OrderDetails" & Constants.vbLf)
For Each lineItem In orderLineItems
strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab + Constants.vbTab + lineItem.ToString())
Next lineItem
strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Total cost of this order: $" & TotalCost + Constants.vbLf)
strbuf.Append(Constants.vbTab & "Order status: " & Status + Constants.vbLf)
Return strbuf.ToString()
End Function
End Class
' Order Processing Logic
' Can replace with transaction-aware resource such as SQL or transacted hashtable to hold the purchase orders.
' This example uses a non-transactional resource.
Public Class Orders
Private Shared purchaseOrders As New Dictionary(Of String, PurchaseOrder)()
Public Shared Sub Add(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder)
purchaseOrders.Add(po.PONumber, po)
End Sub
Public Shared Function GetOrderStatus(ByVal poNumber As String) As String
Dim po As PurchaseOrder = Nothing
If purchaseOrders.TryGetValue(poNumber, po) Then
Return po.Status
Else
Return Nothing
End If
End Function
Public Shared Sub DeleteOrder(ByVal poNumber As String)
If purchaseOrders(poNumber) IsNot Nothing Then
purchaseOrders.Remove(poNumber)
End If
End Sub
End Class
' Define a service contract.
<ServiceContract(Namespace:="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")> _
Public Interface IOrderProcessor
<OperationContract(IsOneWay := True)> _
Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder)
End Interface
' Service class that implements the service contract.
' Added code to write output to the console window.
Public Class OrderProcessorService
Implements IOrderProcessor
<OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired := True, TransactionAutoComplete := True)> _
Public Sub SubmitPurchaseOrder(ByVal po As PurchaseOrder) Implements IOrderProcessor.SubmitPurchaseOrder
Orders.Add(po)
Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po)
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace
// This is the service code
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
using System;
using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Messaging;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Transactions;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
// Define the purchase order line item.
[DataContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
public class PurchaseOrderLineItem
{
[DataMember]
public string ProductId;
[DataMember]
public float UnitCost;
[DataMember]
public int Quantity;
public override string ToString()
{
String displayString = "Order LineItem: " + Quantity + " of " + ProductId + " @unit price: $" + UnitCost + "\n";
return displayString;
}
public float TotalCost
{
get { return UnitCost * Quantity; }
}
}
// Define the purchase order.
[DataContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
public class PurchaseOrder
{
static readonly string[] OrderStates = { "Pending", "Processed", "Shipped" };
static Random statusIndexer = new Random(137);
[DataMember]
public string PONumber;
[DataMember]
public string CustomerId;
[DataMember]
public PurchaseOrderLineItem[] orderLineItems;
public float TotalCost
{
get
{
float totalCost = 0;
foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems)
totalCost += lineItem.TotalCost;
return totalCost;
}
}
public string Status
{
get
{
return OrderStates[statusIndexer.Next(3)];
}
}
public override string ToString()
{
System.Text.StringBuilder strbuf = new System.Text.StringBuilder("Purchase Order: " + PONumber + "\n");
strbuf.Append("\tCustomer: " + CustomerId + "\n");
strbuf.Append("\tOrderDetails\n");
foreach (PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem in orderLineItems)
{
strbuf.Append("\t\t" + lineItem.ToString());
}
strbuf.Append("\tTotal cost of this order: $" + TotalCost + "\n");
strbuf.Append("\tOrder status: " + Status + "\n");
return strbuf.ToString();
}
}
// Order Processing Logic
// Can replace with transaction-aware resource such as SQL or transacted hashtable to hold the purchase orders.
// This example uses a non-transactional resource.
public class Orders
{
static Dictionary<string, PurchaseOrder> purchaseOrders = new Dictionary<string, PurchaseOrder>();
public static void Add(PurchaseOrder po)
{
purchaseOrders.Add(po.PONumber, po);
}
public static string GetOrderStatus(string poNumber)
{
PurchaseOrder po;
if (purchaseOrders.TryGetValue(poNumber, out po))
return po.Status;
else
return null;
}
public static void DeleteOrder(string poNumber)
{
if(purchaseOrders[poNumber] != null)
purchaseOrders.Remove(poNumber);
}
}
// Define a service contract.
[ServiceContract(Namespace="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
public interface IOrderProcessor
{
[OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po);
}
// Service class that implements the service contract.
// Added code to write output to the console window.
public class OrderProcessorService : IOrderProcessor
{
[OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired = true, TransactionAutoComplete = true)]
public void SubmitPurchaseOrder(PurchaseOrder po)
{
Orders.Add(po);
Console.WriteLine("Processing {0} ", po);
}
}
}
' This is the hosting application.
Imports System
Imports System.ServiceModel.Channels
Imports System.Configuration
Imports System.Messaging
Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Transactions
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
Friend Class hostApp
' Host the service within this EXE console application.
Public Shared Sub Main()
' Get MSMQ queue name from appsettings in configuration.
Dim queueName As String = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("queueName")
' Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary.
If (Not MessageQueue.Exists(queueName)) Then
MessageQueue.Create(queueName, True)
End If
' Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type.
Using serviceHost As New ServiceHost(GetType(OrderProcessorService))
' Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages.
serviceHost.Open()
' The service can now be accessed.
Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.")
Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.")
Console.WriteLine()
Console.ReadLine()
' Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service.
serviceHost.Close()
End Using
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace
// This is the hosting application.
using System;
using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Messaging;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Transactions;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
class hostApp
{
// Host the service within this EXE console application.
public static void Main()
{
// Get MSMQ queue name from appsettings in configuration.
string queueName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["queueName"];
// Create the transacted MSMQ queue if necessary.
if (!MessageQueue.Exists(queueName))
MessageQueue.Create(queueName, true);
// Create a ServiceHost for the OrderProcessorService type.
using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(OrderProcessorService)))
{
// Open the ServiceHost to create listeners and start listening for messages.
serviceHost.Open();
// The service can now be accessed.
Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.ReadLine();
// Close the ServiceHostB to shutdown the service.
serviceHost.Close();
}
}
}
}
<!-- This is the app.config for the service -->
<configuration>
<appSettings>
<!-- use appSetting to configure MSMQ queue name -->
<add key="queueName" value=".\private$\ServiceModelSamplesTransacted" />
</appSettings>
<system.serviceModel>
<services>
<service
name="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.OrderProcessorService"
behaviorConfiguration="CalculatorServiceBehavior">
<host>
<baseAddresses>
<add baseAddress="https://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service"/>
</baseAddresses>
</host>
<!-- Define NetMsmqEndpoint -->
<endpoint address="net.msmq://localhost/private/ServiceModelSamplesTransacted"
binding="netMsmqBinding"
contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.IOrderProcessor" />
<!-- the mex endpoint is exposed at https://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service/mex -->
<endpoint address="mex"
binding="mexHttpBinding"
contract="IMetadataExchange" />
</service>
</services>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="CalculatorServiceBehavior">
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="True"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
</system.serviceModel>
</configuration>
' This is the client code.
' Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Imports System
Imports System.Configuration
Imports System.Messaging
Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Transactions
Namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
'The service contract is defined in generatedClient.cs, generated from the service by the svcutil tool.
'Client implementation code.
Friend Class Client
Shared Sub Main()
' Create a client.
Dim client As New OrderProcessorClient()
' Create the purchase order.
Dim po As New PurchaseOrder()
po.CustomerId = "somecustomer.com"
po.PONumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString()
Dim lineItem1 As New PurchaseOrderLineItem()
lineItem1.ProductId = "Blue Widget"
lineItem1.Quantity = 54
lineItem1.UnitCost = 29.99F
Dim lineItem2 As New PurchaseOrderLineItem()
lineItem2.ProductId = "Red Widget"
lineItem2.Quantity = 890
lineItem2.UnitCost = 45.89F
po.orderLineItems = New PurchaseOrderLineItem(1){}
po.orderLineItems(0) = lineItem1
po.orderLineItems(1) = lineItem2
'Create a transaction scope.
Using scope As New TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required)
' Make a queued call to submit the purchase order.
client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po)
' Complete the transaction.
scope.Complete()
End Using
'Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
client.Close()
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.")
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace
// This is the client code.
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Messaging;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Transactions;
namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
//The service contract is defined in generatedClient.cs, generated from the service by the svcutil tool.
//Client implementation code.
class Client
{
static void Main()
{
// Create a client.
OrderProcessorClient client = new OrderProcessorClient();
// Create the purchase order.
PurchaseOrder po = new PurchaseOrder();
po.CustomerId = "somecustomer.com";
po.PONumber = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem1 = new PurchaseOrderLineItem();
lineItem1.ProductId = "Blue Widget";
lineItem1.Quantity = 54;
lineItem1.UnitCost = 29.99F;
PurchaseOrderLineItem lineItem2 = new PurchaseOrderLineItem();
lineItem2.ProductId = "Red Widget";
lineItem2.Quantity = 890;
lineItem2.UnitCost = 45.89F;
po.orderLineItems = new PurchaseOrderLineItem[2];
po.orderLineItems[0] = lineItem1;
po.orderLineItems[1] = lineItem2;
//Create a transaction scope.
using (TransactionScope scope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required))
{
// Make a queued call to submit the purchase order.
client.SubmitPurchaseOrder(po);
// Complete the transaction.
scope.Complete();
}
//Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
client.Close();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
<!-- This is the app.config for the client app -->
<configuration>
<system.serviceModel>
<client>
<!-- Define NetMsmqEndpoint -->
<endpoint address="net.msmq://localhost/private/ServiceModelSamplesTransacted"
binding="netMsmqBinding"
contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.IOrderProcessor" />
</client>
</system.serviceModel>
</configuration>
See Also
Tasks
How to: Exchange Messages with WCF Endpoints and Message Queuing Applications
Reference
Concepts
Other Resources
Transacted MSMQ Binding
Windows Communication Foundation to Message Queuing
Installing Message Queuing (MSMQ)
Message Queuing Integration Binding Samples
Message Queuing to Windows Communication Foundation
Message Security over Message Queuing
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Last Published: 2010-03-21