Veritabanlarını ve İşlem Günlüklerini Yedekleme ve Geri Yükleme

Şunlar için geçerlidir:SQL ServerAzure SQL VeritabanıAzure SQL Yönetilen ÖrneğiMicrosoft Fabric'de Azure Synapse AnalyticsSQL veritabanı

SMO'da sınıfı ve sınıfı, Backup yedekleme ve Restore geri yüklemenin belirli görevlerini gerçekleştirmek için araçlar sağlayan yardımcı program sınıflarıdır. Nesne Backup , sunucu örneğindeki Bir Microsoft SQL Server nesnesi yerine gerekli olan belirli bir yedekleme görevini temsil eder.

Veri kaybı veya bozulma oluşursa, yedeklemenin tamamen veya kısmen geri yüklenmesi gerekir. Kısmi geri yükleme, FileGroupCollection geri yüklenecek verileri segmentlere ayırmak için koleksiyonu kullanır. Yedekleme bir işlem günlüğüyse, nesnenin özelliği ToPointInTime kullanılarak Restore veriler belirli bir noktaya kadar geri yüklenebilir. Veriler yöntemi kullanılarak SqlVerify da doğrulanabilir. Önerilen yedekleme yordamı, bir geri yükleme işlemi gerçekleştirerek ve veritabanındaki verileri düzenli olarak denetleyerek yedeklemenin bütünlüğünü denetlemektir.

nesnesinde Backup olduğu gibi, nesnenin Restore de SQL Server örneğindeki herhangi bir nesneyi temsil etmediğinden Create yöntemi kullanılarak oluşturulması gerekmez. Restore nesnesi, veritabanını geri yüklemek için kullanılan bir dizi özellik ve yöntemdir.

Examples

Sağlanan herhangi bir kod örneğini kullanmak için programlama ortamını, programlama şablonunu ve uygulamanızın oluşturulacağı programlama dilini seçmeniz gerekir. Daha fazla bilgi için bkz. Visual Studio .NET'te Visual C# SMO Projesi Oluşturma.

Visual Basic'te Veritabanlarını ve İşlem Günlüklerini Yedekleme

Bu kod örneği, var olan bir veritabanının bir dosyaya nasıl yedekleneceği ve ardından nasıl geri yükleneceği gösterilmektedir.

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common  
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo  
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic.MyServices  
  
Module SMO_VBBackup3  
  
    Sub Main()  
        'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
        Dim srv As Server  
        srv = New Server  
  
        'Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.  
        Dim db As Database  
        db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022")  
  
        'Store the current recovery model in a variable.  
        Dim recoverymod As Integer  
        recoverymod = db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel  
  
        'Define a Backup object variable.   
        Dim bk As New Backup  
  
        'Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up.  
        bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database  
        bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks2022"  
        bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks 2022 Backup"  
        bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2022"  
  
        'Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file.  
        Dim bdi As BackupDeviceItem  
        bdi = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File)  
  
        'Add the device to the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Add(bdi)  
  
        'Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.  
        bk.Incremental = False  
  
        'Set the expiration date.  
        Dim backupdate As New Date  
        backupdate = New Date(2006, 10, 5)  
        bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate  
  
        'Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.  
        bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate  
  
        'Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the backup has been completed.  
        Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.")  
  
        'Remove the backup device from the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdi)  
  
        'Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.  
        Dim t As Table  
        t = New Table(db, "test_table")  
        Dim c As Column  
        c = New Column(t, "col", DataType.Int)  
        t.Columns.Add(c)  
        t.Create()  
  
        'Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.  
        Dim bdid As BackupDeviceItem  
        bdid = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File)  
  
        'Add the device to the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Add(bdid)  
  
        'Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.  
        bk.Incremental = True  
  
        'Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device from the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdid)  
  
        'Delete the AdventureWorks2022 database before restoring it.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Drop()  
  
        'Define a Restore object variable.  
        Dim rs As Restore  
        rs = New Restore  
  
        'Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.  
        rs.NoRecovery = True  
  
        'Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Add(bdi)  
  
        'Specify the database name.  
        rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2022"  
  
        'Restore the full database backup with no recovery.  
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device from the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdi)  
  
        'Set te NoRecovery property to False.  
        rs.NoRecovery = False  
  
        'Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Add(bdid)  
  
        'Restore the differential database backup with recovery.  
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device.  
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdid)  
  
        'Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = recoverymod  
  
        'Drop the table that was added.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Tables("test_table").Drop()  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Alter()  
  
        'Remove the backup files from the hard disk.  
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.12\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Full_Backup1")  
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.12\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Differential_Backup1")  
    End Sub  
End Module  

Visual C'de Veritabanlarını ve İşlem Günlüklerini Yedekleme#

Bu kod örneği, var olan bir veritabanının bir dosyaya nasıl yedekleneceği ve ardından nasıl geri yükleneceği gösterilmektedir.

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;  
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;  
  
class A {  
   public static void Main() {  
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.   
      Server srv = new Server();  
      // Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.   
      Database db = default(Database);  
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Store the current recovery model in a variable.   
      int recoverymod;  
      recoverymod = (int)db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel;  
  
      // Define a Backup object variable.   
      Backup bk = new Backup();  
  
      // Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up.   
      bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database;  
      bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks2022";  
      bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks2022 Backup";  
      bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2022";  
  
      // Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file.   
      BackupDeviceItem bdi = default(BackupDeviceItem);  
      bdi = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File);  
  
      // Add the device to the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Add(bdi);  
      // Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.   
      bk.Incremental = false;  
  
      // Set the expiration date.   
      System.DateTime backupdate = new System.DateTime();  
      backupdate = new System.DateTime(2006, 10, 5);  
      bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate;  
  
      // Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.   
      bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate;  
  
      // Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.   
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the backup has been completed.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.");  
  
      // Remove the backup device from the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdi);  
  
      // Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.   
      Table t = default(Table);  
      t = new Table(db, "test_table");  
      Column c = default(Column);  
      c = new Column(t, "col", DataType.Int);  
      t.Columns.Add(c);  
      t.Create();  
  
      // Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.   
      BackupDeviceItem bdid = default(BackupDeviceItem);  
      bdid = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File);  
  
      // Add the device to the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Add(bdid);  
  
      // Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.   
      bk.Incremental = true;  
  
      // Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.   
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.");  
  
      // Remove the device from the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdid);  
  
      // Delete the AdventureWorks2022 database before restoring it  
      // db.Drop();  
  
      // Define a Restore object variable.  
      Restore rs = new Restore();  
  
      // Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.   
      rs.NoRecovery = true;  
  
      // Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.   
      rs.Devices.Add(bdi);  
  
      // Specify the database name.   
      rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2022";  
  
      // Restore the full database backup with no recovery.   
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.   
      Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.");  
  
      // reacquire a reference to the database  
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Remove the device from the Restore object.  
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdi);  
  
      // Set the NoRecovery property to False.   
      rs.NoRecovery = false;  
  
      // Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.   
      rs.Devices.Add(bdid);  
  
      // Restore the differential database backup with recovery.   
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.");  
  
      // Remove the device.   
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdid);  
  
      // Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
      db.RecoveryModel = (RecoveryModel)recoverymod;  
  
      // Drop the table that was added.   
      db.Tables["test_table"].Drop();  
      db.Alter();  
  
      // Remove the backup files from the hard disk.  
      // This location is dependent on the installation of SQL Server  
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Full_Backup1");  
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Differential_Backup1");  
   }  
}  

PowerShell'de Veritabanlarını ve İşlem Günlüklerini Yedekleme

Bu kod örneği, var olan bir veritabanının bir dosyaya nasıl yedekleneceği ve ardından nasıl geri yükleneceği gösterilmektedir.

#Backing up and restoring a Database from PowerShell  
  
#Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
  
#Get a server object which corresponds to the default instance  
$srv = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Server  
  
#Reference the AdventureWorks database.  
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]  
  
#Store the current recovery model in a variable.  
$recoverymod = $db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel  
  
#Create a Backup object  
$bk = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Backup  
  
#set to backup the database  
$bk.Action = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupActionType]::Database  
  
#Set back up properties  
$bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks"  
$bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks Backup"  
$bk.Database = "AdventureWorks"  
  
#Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor,   
#and the type of device is a file.  
$dt = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DeviceType]::File  
$bdi = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `  
-argumentlist "Test_FullBackup1", $dt  
  
#Add the device to the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Add($bdi)  
  
#Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.  
$bk.Incremental = $false  
  
#Set the expiration date.  
$bk.ExpirationDate = get-date "10/05/2006"  
  
#Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.  
$bk.LogTruncation = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupTruncateLogType]::Truncate  
  
#Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the backup has been completed.  
"Full Backup complete."  
  
#Remove the backup device from the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdi)  
  
#Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.  
$t = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Table -argumentlist $db, "test_table"  
$type = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DataType]::int  
$c = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Column -argumentlist $t, "col", $type       
$t.Columns.Add($c)  
$t.Create()  
  
#Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.  
# $dt is file backup device  
$bdid = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `  
-argumentlist "Test_DifferentialBackup1", $dt  
#Add this device to the backup set  
$bk.Devices.Add($bdid)  
  
#Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.  
$bk.Incremental = $true  
  
#Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.  
"Differential Backup complete."  
  
#Remove the device from the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdid)  
  
#Delete the AdventureWorks database before restoring it.  
$db.Drop()  
  
#Define a Restore object variable.  
$rs = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Restore  
  
#Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.  
$rs.NoRecovery = $true  
  
#Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Add($bdi)  
  
#Specify the database name.  
$rs.Database = "AdventureWorks"  
#Restore the full database backup with no recovery.  
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.  
"Full Database Restore complete."  
  
#Remove the device from the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdi)  
  
#Set the NoRecovery property to False.  
$rs.NoRecovery = $false  
  
#Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Add($bdid)  
  
#Restore the differential database backup with recovery.  
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.  
"Differential Database Restore complete."  
  
#Remove the device.  
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdid)  
  
#Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]  
$db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = $recoverymod  
  
#Drop the table that was added.  
$db.Tables["test_table"].Drop()  
$db.Alter()  
  
#Delete the backup files - the exact location depends on your installation  
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_FullBackup1"  
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_DifferentialBackup1"  

Visual Basic'te Veritabanı Bütünlük Denetimlerini Çalıştırma

SQL Server veri bütünlüğü denetimi sağlar. Bu kod örneği, belirtilen veritabanında bir veritabanı tutarlılığı türü denetimi çalıştırır. Bu örnekte CheckTables , kullanılır, ancak CheckAllocations, CheckCatalogveya CheckIdentityValues benzer şekilde kullanılabilir.

Note

StringCollection nesnesi, deyimini kullanarak imports System.Collections.Specialized ad alanına bir başvuru gerektirir.

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo  
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common  
Imports System.Collections.Specialized  
Module S  
   Sub Main()  
      'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
      Dim srv As Server  
      srv = New Server  
      'Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.  
      Dim db As Database  
      db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022")  
      'Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements.  
      Dim sc As StringCollection  
      'Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable.  
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None)  
      Dim c As Integer  
      For c = 0 To sc.Count - 1  
         Console.WriteLine(sc.Item(c))  
      Next  
   End Sub  
End Module  

Visual C'de Veritabanı Bütünlük Denetimlerini Çalıştırma#

SQL Server veri bütünlüğü denetimi sağlar. Bu kod örneği, belirtilen veritabanında bir veritabanı tutarlılığı türü denetimi çalıştırır. Bu örnekte CheckTables , kullanılır, ancak CheckAllocations, CheckCatalogveya CheckIdentityValues benzer şekilde kullanılabilir.

Note

StringCollection nesnesi, deyimini kullanarak imports System.Collections.Specialized ad alanına bir başvuru gerektirir.

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;  
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;  
using System;  
  
class A {  
   public static void Main() {  
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.   
      Server srv = new Server();  
  
      // Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.             
      Database db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements.   
      System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection sc;  
  
      // Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable.   
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None);  
  
      foreach (string c in sc) {  
         Console.WriteLine(c);  
      }  
   }  
}  

PowerShell'de Veritabanı Bütünlük Denetimlerini Çalıştırma

SQL Server veri bütünlüğü denetimi sağlar. Bu kod örneği, belirtilen veritabanında bir veritabanı tutarlılığı türü denetimi çalıştırır. Bu örnekte CheckTables , kullanılır, ancak CheckAllocations, CheckCatalogveya CheckIdentityValues benzer şekilde kullanılabilir.

Note

StringCollection nesnesi, deyimini kullanarak imports System.Collections.Specialized ad alanına bir başvuru gerektirir.

# Set the path context to the local, default instance of SQL Server and get a reference to AdventureWorks2022  
CD \sql\localhost\default\databases  
$db = get-item AdventureWorks2022  
  
$sc = $db.CheckTables([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.RepairType]::None)  
foreach ($c in $sc)  
{  
    $c  
 }