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İzlenecek yol: Görevleri ve XML HTTP İsteklerini Kullanarak Bağlanma

Bu örnekte, Evrensel Windows Platformu (UWP) uygulamasındaki bir web hizmetine HTTP GET ve POST istekleri göndermek için görevlerle birlikte IXMLHTTPRequest2 ve IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback arabirimlerinin nasıl kullanılacağı gösterilmektedir. Görevlerle bir araya getirerek IXMLHTTPRequest2 , diğer görevlerle oluşturan kodlar yazabilirsiniz. Örneğin, indirme görevini bir görev zincirinin parçası olarak kullanabilirsiniz. çalışma iptal edildiğinde indirme görevi de yanıt verebilir.

İpucu

C++ uygulamasını kullanarak bir UWP uygulamasından veya bir masaüstü C++ uygulamasından HTTP istekleri gerçekleştirmek için C++ REST SDK'sını da kullanabilirsiniz. Daha fazla bilgi için bkz . C++ REST SDK 'sı ("Casablanca" Kod Adı").

Görevler hakkında daha fazla bilgi için bkz . Görev Paralelliği. UWP uygulamasında görevleri kullanma hakkında daha fazla bilgi için bkz . C++ dilinde zaman uyumsuz programlama ve UWP Uygulamaları için C++'ta Zaman Uyumsuz İşlemler Oluşturma.

Bu belgede önce nasıl oluşturulacağı HttpRequest ve destekleyici sınıfları gösterilir. Ardından C++ ve XAML kullanan bir UWP uygulamasından bu sınıfın nasıl kullanılacağını gösterir.

Görevleri kullanan IXMLHTTPRequest2 ancak kullanmayan bir örnek için bkz . Hızlı Başlangıç: XML HTTP İsteği (IXMLHTTPRequest2) kullanarak bağlanma.

İpucu

IXMLHTTPRequest2 ve IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback UWP uygulamasında kullanılmasını önerdiğimiz arabirimlerdir. Bu örneği bir masaüstü uygulamasında kullanmak üzere de uyarlayabilirsiniz.

Önkoşullar

Visual Studio 2017 ve sonraki sürümlerde UWP desteği isteğe bağlıdır. Yüklemek için Windows Başlat menüsü Visual Studio Yükleyicisi açın ve kullandığınız Visual Studio sürümünü seçin. Değiştir düğmesine tıklayın ve UWP Geliştirme kutucuğunun işaretli olduğundan emin olun. İsteğe Bağlı Bileşenler'in altında C++ UWP Araçları'nın işaretli olduğundan emin olun. Visual Studio 2017 için v141 veya Visual Studio 2019 için v142 kullanın.

HttpRequest, HttpRequestBuffersCallback ve HttpRequestStringCallback Sınıflarını Tanımlama

HTTP üzerinden web istekleri oluşturmak için arabirimini kullandığınızda IXMLHTTPRequest2 , sunucu yanıtını IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback almak ve diğer olaylara tepki vermek için arabirimi uygularsınız. Bu örnek, web istekleri oluşturmak için sınıfı ve HttpRequestBuffersCallback yanıtları işlemek için ve HttpRequestStringCallback sınıflarını tanımlarHttpRequest. HttpRequestBuffersCallback ve HttpRequestStringCallback sınıfları sınıfı desteklerHttpRequest; yalnızca uygulama kodundan HttpRequest sınıfıyla çalışırsınız.

GetAsyncsınıfının , PostAsync yöntemleri HttpRequest sırasıyla HTTP GET ve POST işlemlerini başlatmanızı sağlar. Bu yöntemler, sunucu yanıtını HttpRequestStringCallback dize olarak okumak için sınıfını kullanır. SendAsync ve ReadAsync yöntemleri, büyük içerikleri öbekler halinde akışla aktarmanızı sağlar. Bu yöntemlerin her birinde işlemi temsil eden eşzamanlılık::task döndürülür. GetAsync ve PostAsync yöntemleri, bölümün sunucunun yanıtını wstring temsil ettiği değer üretirtask<std::wstring>. SendAsync ve ReadAsync yöntemleri değerler üretirtask<void>; gönderme ve okuma işlemleri tamamlandığında bu görevler tamamlar.

IXMLHTTPRequest2 Arabirimler zaman uyumsuz olarak davrandığından, bu örnek geri çağırma nesnesi tamamlandıktan veya indirme işlemini iptal ettikten sonra tamamlanan bir görev oluşturmak için eşzamanlılık::task_completion_event kullanır. sınıfı, HttpRequest son sonucu ayarlamak için bu görevden görev tabanlı bir devamlılık oluşturur. sınıfı, HttpRequest önceki görev hata oluştursa veya iptal edilse bile devamlılık görevinin çalıştığından emin olmak için görev tabanlı bir devamlılık kullanır. Görev tabanlı devamlılıklar hakkında daha fazla bilgi için bkz . Görev Paralelliği

İptali HttpRequestdesteklemek için , HttpRequestBuffersCallbackve HttpRequestStringCallback sınıfları iptal belirteçlerini kullanır. ve sınıfları, HttpRequestBuffersCallback görev tamamlama olayının iptale yanıt vermesini sağlamak için eşzamanlılık::cancellation_token::register_callback yöntemini HttpRequestStringCallback kullanır. Bu iptal geri çağırması indirmeyi durdurur. İptal hakkında daha fazla bilgi için bkz . İptal.

HttpRequest Sınıfını tanımlamak için

  1. Ana menüden Dosya Yeni Proje'yi> seçin.>

  2. Boş bir XAML uygulaması projesi oluşturmak için C++ Boş Uygulama (Evrensel Windows) şablonunu kullanın. Bu örnekte projeyi UsingIXMLHTTPRequest2olarak adlandırabilirsiniz.

  3. Projeye HttpRequest.h adlı bir üst bilgi dosyası ve HttpRequest.cpp adlı bir kaynak dosya ekleyin.

  4. pch.h'de şu kodu ekleyin:

    #include <ppltasks.h>
    #include <string>
    #include <sstream>
    #include <wrl.h>
    #include <msxml6.h>
    
  5. HttpRequest.h'de şu kodu ekleyin:

    #pragma once
    #include "pch.h"
    
    inline void CheckHResult(HRESULT hResult)
    {
        if (hResult == E_ABORT)
        {
            concurrency::cancel_current_task();
        }
        else if (FAILED(hResult))
        {
            throw Platform::Exception::CreateException(hResult);
        }
    }
    
    namespace Web
    {
    
    namespace Details
    {
    
    // Implementation of IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback used when partial buffers are needed from the response.
    // When only the complete response is needed, use HttpRequestStringCallback instead.
    class HttpRequestBuffersCallback 
        : public Microsoft::WRL::RuntimeClass<
            Microsoft::WRL::RuntimeClassFlags<Microsoft::WRL::ClassicCom>,
            IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback,
            Microsoft::WRL::FtmBase>
    {
    public:
        HttpRequestBuffersCallback(IXMLHTTPRequest2* httpRequest, 
            concurrency::cancellation_token ct = concurrency::cancellation_token::none()) :
            request(httpRequest), cancellationToken(ct), responseReceived(false), dataHResult(S_OK), statusCode(200)
        {
            // Register a callback function that aborts the HTTP operation when 
            // the cancellation token is canceled.
            if (cancellationToken != concurrency::cancellation_token::none())
            {
                registrationToken = cancellationToken.register_callback([this]() 
                {
                    if (request != nullptr) 
                    {
                        request->Abort();
                    }
                });
            }
    
            dataEvent = concurrency::task_completion_event<void>();
        }
    
        // Called when the HTTP request is being redirected to a new URL.
        IFACEMETHODIMP OnRedirect(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, PCWSTR) 
        {
            return S_OK;
        }
    
        // Called when HTTP headers have been received and processed.
        IFACEMETHODIMP OnHeadersAvailable(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, DWORD statusCode, PCWSTR reasonPhrase)
        {
            HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    
            // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2.
            try
            {
                this->statusCode = statusCode;
                this->reasonPhrase = reasonPhrase;
    
                concurrency::critical_section::scoped_lock lock(dataEventLock);
                dataEvent.set();
            }
            catch (std::bad_alloc&)
            {
                hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
            }
            return hr;
        }
    
        // Called when a portion of the entity body has been received.
        IFACEMETHODIMP OnDataAvailable(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, ISequentialStream* stream)
        {
            HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    
            // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2.
            try
            {
                // Store a reference on the stream so it can be accessed by the task.
                dataStream = stream;
    
                // The work must be done as fast as possible, and must not block this thread,
                // for example, waiting on another event object.  Here we simply set an event
                // that can be processed by another thread.
                concurrency::critical_section::scoped_lock lock(dataEventLock);
                dataEvent.set();
            }
            catch (std::bad_alloc&)
            {
                hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
            }
            return hr;
        }
            
        // Called when the entire entity response has been received.
        IFACEMETHODIMP OnResponseReceived(IXMLHTTPRequest2* xhr, ISequentialStream* responseStream)
        {
            responseReceived = true;
            return OnDataAvailable(xhr, responseStream);
        }
            
        // Called when an error occurs during the HTTP request.
        IFACEMETHODIMP OnError(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, HRESULT hrError) 
        {
            HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    
            // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2.
            try
            {
                concurrency::critical_section::scoped_lock lock(dataEventLock);
                dataHResult = hrError;
                dataEvent.set();
            }
            catch (std::bad_alloc&)
            {
                hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
            }
    
            return hr;
        }
    
        // Create a task that completes when data is available, in an exception-safe way.
        concurrency::task<void> CreateDataTask();
    
        HRESULT GetError() const
        {
            return dataHResult;
        }
    
        int GetStatusCode() const
        {
            return statusCode;
        }
    
        std::wstring const& GetReasonPhrase() const
        {
            return reasonPhrase;
        }
    
        bool IsResponseReceived() const
        {
            return responseReceived;
        }
    
        // Copy bytes from the sequential stream into the buffer provided until
        // we reach the end of one or the other.
        unsigned int ReadData(
            _Out_writes_(outputBufferSize) byte* outputBuffer,
            unsigned int outputBufferSize);
    
    private:
        ~HttpRequestBuffersCallback()
        {
            // Unregister the callback.
            if (cancellationToken != concurrency::cancellation_token::none())
            {
                cancellationToken.deregister_callback(registrationToken);
            }
        }
    
        // Signals that the download operation was canceled.
        concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken;
    
        // Used to unregister the cancellation token callback.
        concurrency::cancellation_token_registration registrationToken;
    
        // The IXMLHTTPRequest2 that processes the HTTP request.
        Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IXMLHTTPRequest2> request;
        
        // Task completion event that is set when data is available or error is triggered.
        concurrency::task_completion_event<void> dataEvent;
        concurrency::critical_section dataEventLock;
    
        // We cannot store the error obtained from IXHR2 in the dataEvent since any value there is first-writer-wins,
        // whereas we want a subsequent error to override an initial success.
        HRESULT dataHResult;
    
        // Referenced pointer to the data stream.
        Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ISequentialStream> dataStream;
    
        // HTTP status code and reason returned by the server.
        int statusCode;
        std::wstring reasonPhrase;
    
        // Whether the response has been completely received.
        bool responseReceived;
    };
    
    };
    
    // Utility class for performing asynchronous HTTP requests.
    // This class only supports one outstanding request at a time.
    class HttpRequest
    {
    public:
        HttpRequest();
    
        int GetStatusCode() const
        {
            return statusCode;
        }
    
        std::wstring const& GetReasonPhrase() const
        {
            return reasonPhrase;
        }
    
        // Whether the response has been completely received, if using ReadAsync().
        bool IsResponseComplete() const
        {
            return responseComplete;
        }
    
        // Start an HTTP GET on the specified URI.  The returned task completes once the entire response
        // has been received, and the task produces the HTTP response text.  The status code and reason
        // can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase().
        concurrency::task<std::wstring> GetAsync(
            Windows::Foundation::Uri^ uri, 
            concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken = concurrency::cancellation_token::none());
    
        // Start an HTTP POST on the specified URI, using a string body.  The returned task produces the 
        // HTTP response text.  The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase().
        concurrency::task<std::wstring> PostAsync(
            Windows::Foundation::Uri^ uri,
            PCWSTR contentType,
            IStream* postStream,
            uint64 postStreamSizeToSend,
            concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken = concurrency::cancellation_token::none());
    
        // Start an HTTP POST on the specified URI, using a stream body.  The returned task produces the
        // HTTP response text.  The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase().
        concurrency::task<std::wstring> PostAsync(
            Windows::Foundation::Uri^ uri,
            const std::wstring& str,
            concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken = concurrency::cancellation_token::none());
    
        // Send a request but don't return the response.  Instead, let the caller read it with ReadAsync().
        concurrency::task<void> SendAsync(
            const std::wstring& httpMethod,
            Windows::Foundation::Uri^ uri,
            concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken = concurrency::cancellation_token::none());
    
        // Read a chunk of data from the HTTP response, up to a specified length or until we reach the end
        // of the response, and store the value in the provided buffer.  This is useful for large content,
        // enabling the streaming of the result.
        concurrency::task<void> ReadAsync(
            Windows::Storage::Streams::IBuffer^ readBuffer,
            unsigned int offsetInBuffer,
            unsigned int requestedBytesToRead);
    
        static void CreateMemoryStream(IStream **stream);
    
    private:
        // Start a download of the specified URI using the specified method.  The returned task produces the
        // HTTP response text.  The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase().
        concurrency::task<std::wstring> DownloadAsync(
            PCWSTR httpMethod,
            PCWSTR uri, 
            concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken,
            PCWSTR contentType,
            IStream* postStream,
            uint64 postStreamBytesToSend);
    
        // Referenced pointer to the callback, if using SendAsync/ReadAsync.
        Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<Details::HttpRequestBuffersCallback> buffersCallback;
    
        int statusCode;
        std::wstring reasonPhrase;
    
        // Whether the response has been completely received, if using ReadAsync().
        bool responseComplete;
    };
    
    };
    
  6. HttpRequest.cpp şu kodu ekleyin:

    #include "pch.h"
    #include "HttpRequest.h"
    #include <robuffer.h>
    #include <shcore.h>
    
    using namespace concurrency;
    using namespace Microsoft::WRL;
    using namespace Platform;
    using namespace std;
    using namespace Web;
    using namespace Windows::Foundation;
    using namespace Windows::Storage::Streams;
    
    // Implementation of IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback used when only the complete response is needed.
    // When processing chunks of response data as they are received, use HttpRequestBuffersCallback instead.
    class HttpRequestStringCallback 
        : public RuntimeClass<RuntimeClassFlags<ClassicCom>, IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback, FtmBase>
    {
    public:
        HttpRequestStringCallback(IXMLHTTPRequest2* httpRequest, 
            cancellation_token ct = concurrency::cancellation_token::none()) :
            request(httpRequest), cancellationToken(ct)
        {
            // Register a callback function that aborts the HTTP operation when 
            // the cancellation token is canceled.
            if (cancellationToken != cancellation_token::none())
            {
                registrationToken = cancellationToken.register_callback([this]() 
                {
                    if (request != nullptr) 
                    {
                        request->Abort();
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    
        // Called when the HTTP request is being redirected to a new URL.
        IFACEMETHODIMP OnRedirect(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, PCWSTR) 
        {
            return S_OK;
        }
    
        // Called when HTTP headers have been received and processed.
        IFACEMETHODIMP OnHeadersAvailable(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, DWORD statusCode, PCWSTR reasonPhrase)
        {
            HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    
            // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2.
            try
            {
                this->statusCode = statusCode;
                this->reasonPhrase = reasonPhrase;
            }
            catch (std::bad_alloc&)
            {
                hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
            }
    
            return hr;
        }
    
        // Called when a portion of the entity body has been received.
        IFACEMETHODIMP OnDataAvailable(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, ISequentialStream*)
        {
            return S_OK;
        }
            
        // Called when the entire entity response has been received.
        IFACEMETHODIMP OnResponseReceived(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, ISequentialStream* responseStream)
        {
            wstring wstr;
            HRESULT hr = ReadUtf8StringFromSequentialStream(responseStream, wstr);
    
            // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2.
            try
            {
                completionEvent.set(make_tuple<HRESULT, wstring>(move(hr), move(wstr)));
            }
            catch (std::bad_alloc&)
            {
                hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
            }
    
            return hr;
        }
    
        // Simulate the functionality of DataReader.ReadString().
        // This is needed because DataReader requires IRandomAccessStream and this
        // code has an ISequentialStream that does not have a conversion to IRandomAccessStream like IStream does.
        HRESULT ReadUtf8StringFromSequentialStream(ISequentialStream* readStream, wstring& str)
        {
            // Convert the response to Unicode wstring.
            HRESULT hr;
    
            // Holds the response as a Unicode string.
            wstringstream ss;
    
            while (true)
            {
                ULONG cb;
                char buffer[4096];
    
                // Read the response as a UTF-8 string.  Since UTF-8 characters are 1-4 bytes long,
                // we need to make sure we only read an integral number of characters.  So we'll
                // start with 4093 bytes.
                hr = readStream->Read(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 3, &cb);
                if (FAILED(hr) || (cb == 0))
                {
                    break; // Error or no more data to process, exit loop.
                }
    
                if (cb == sizeof(buffer) - 3)
                {
                    ULONG subsequentBytesRead;
                    unsigned int i, cl;
    
                    // Find the first byte of the last UTF-8 character in the buffer.
                    for (i = cb - 1; (i >= 0) && ((buffer[i] & 0xC0) == 0x80); i--);
    
                    // Calculate the number of subsequent bytes in the UTF-8 character.
                    if (((unsigned char)buffer[i]) < 0x80)
                    {
                        cl = 1;
                    }
                    else if (((unsigned char)buffer[i]) < 0xE0)
                    {
                        cl = 2;
                    }
                    else if (((unsigned char)buffer[i]) < 0xF0)
                    {
                        cl = 3;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        cl = 4;
                    }
    
                    // Read any remaining bytes.
                    if (cb < i + cl)
                    {
                        hr = readStream->Read(buffer + cb, i + cl - cb, &subsequentBytesRead);
                        if (FAILED(hr))
                        {
                            break; // Error, exit loop.
                        }
                        cb += subsequentBytesRead;
                    }
                }
    
                // First determine the size required to store the Unicode string.
                int const sizeRequired = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, buffer, cb, nullptr, 0);
                if (sizeRequired == 0)
                {
                    // Invalid UTF-8.
                    hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
                    break;
                }
                unique_ptr<char16[]> wstr(new(std::nothrow) char16[sizeRequired + 1]);
                if (wstr.get() == nullptr)
                {
                    hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
                    break;
                }
    
                // Convert the string from UTF-8 to UTF-16LE.  This can never fail, since
                // the previous call above succeeded.
                MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, buffer, cb, wstr.get(), sizeRequired);
                wstr[sizeRequired] = L'\0'; // Terminate the string.
                ss << wstr.get(); // Write the string to the stream.
            }
    
            str = SUCCEEDED(hr) ? ss.str() : wstring();
            return (SUCCEEDED(hr)) ? S_OK : hr; // Don't return S_FALSE.
        }
            
        // Called when an error occurs during the HTTP request.
        IFACEMETHODIMP OnError(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, HRESULT hrError) 
        {
            HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    
            // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2.
            try
            {
                completionEvent.set(make_tuple<HRESULT, wstring>(move(hrError), wstring()));
            }
            catch (std::bad_alloc&)
            {
                hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
            }
    
            return hr;
        }
    
        // Retrieves the completion event for the HTTP operation.
        task_completion_event<tuple<HRESULT, wstring>> const& GetCompletionEvent() const
        {
            return completionEvent; 
        }
    
        int GetStatusCode() const
        {
            return statusCode;
        }
    
        wstring GetReasonPhrase() const
        {
            return reasonPhrase;
        }
    
    private:
        ~HttpRequestStringCallback()
        {
            // Unregister the callback.
            if (cancellationToken != cancellation_token::none())
            {
                cancellationToken.deregister_callback(registrationToken);
            }
        }
    
        // Signals that the download operation was canceled.
        cancellation_token cancellationToken;
    
        // Used to unregister the cancellation token callback.
        cancellation_token_registration registrationToken;
    
        // The IXMLHTTPRequest2 that processes the HTTP request.
        ComPtr<IXMLHTTPRequest2> request;
    
        // Task completion event that is set when the 
        // download operation completes.
        task_completion_event<tuple<HRESULT, wstring>> completionEvent;
    
        int statusCode;
        wstring reasonPhrase;
    };
    
    // Copy bytes from the sequential stream into the buffer provided until
    // we reach the end of one or the other.
    unsigned int Web::Details::HttpRequestBuffersCallback::ReadData(
        _Out_writes_(outputBufferSize) byte* outputBuffer,
        unsigned int outputBufferSize)
    {
        // Lock the data event while doing the read, to ensure that any bytes we don't read will
        // result in the correct event getting triggered.
        concurrency::critical_section::scoped_lock lock(dataEventLock);
    
        ULONG bytesRead;
        CheckHResult(dataStream.Get()->Read(outputBuffer, outputBufferSize, &bytesRead));
        if (bytesRead < outputBufferSize)
        {
            // We need to reset the data event, which we can only do by creating a new one.
            dataEvent = task_completion_event<void>();
        }
    
        return bytesRead;
    }
    
    // Create a task that completes when data is available, in an exception-safe way.
    task<void> Web::Details::HttpRequestBuffersCallback::CreateDataTask()
    {
        concurrency::critical_section::scoped_lock lock(dataEventLock);
        return create_task(dataEvent, cancellationToken);
    }
    
    HttpRequest::HttpRequest() : responseComplete(true), statusCode(200)
    {
    }
    
    // Start a download of the specified URI using the specified method.  The returned task produces the
    // HTTP response text.  The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase().
    task<wstring> HttpRequest::DownloadAsync(PCWSTR httpMethod, PCWSTR uri, cancellation_token cancellationToken,
        PCWSTR contentType, IStream* postStream, uint64 postStreamSizeToSend)
    {
        // Create an IXMLHTTPRequest2 object.
        ComPtr<IXMLHTTPRequest2> xhr;
        CheckHResult(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_XmlHttpRequest, nullptr, CLSCTX_INPROC, IID_PPV_ARGS(&xhr)));
    
        // Create callback.
        auto stringCallback = Make<HttpRequestStringCallback>(xhr.Get(), cancellationToken);
        CheckHResult(stringCallback ? S_OK : E_OUTOFMEMORY);
    
        auto completionTask = create_task(stringCallback->GetCompletionEvent());
    
        // Create a request.
        CheckHResult(xhr->Open(httpMethod, uri, stringCallback.Get(), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr));
    
        if (postStream != nullptr && contentType != nullptr)
        {
            CheckHResult(xhr->SetRequestHeader(L"Content-Type", contentType));
        }
    
        // Send the request.
        CheckHResult(xhr->Send(postStream, postStreamSizeToSend));
    
        // Return a task that completes when the HTTP operation completes. 
        // We pass the callback to the continuation because the lifetime of the 
        // callback must exceed the operation to ensure that cancellation 
        // works correctly.
        return completionTask.then([this, stringCallback](tuple<HRESULT, wstring> resultTuple)
        {
            // If the GET operation failed, throw an Exception.
            CheckHResult(std::get<0>(resultTuple));
    
            statusCode = stringCallback->GetStatusCode();
            reasonPhrase = stringCallback->GetReasonPhrase();
    
            return std::get<1>(resultTuple);
        });
    }
    
    // Start an HTTP GET on the specified URI.  The returned task completes once the entire response
    // has been received, and the task produces the HTTP response text.  The status code and reason
    // can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase().
    task<wstring> HttpRequest::GetAsync(Uri^ uri, cancellation_token cancellationToken)
    {
        return DownloadAsync(L"GET",
                             uri->AbsoluteUri->Data(),
                             cancellationToken,
                             nullptr,
                             nullptr,
                             0);
    }
    
    void HttpRequest::CreateMemoryStream(IStream **stream)
    {
        auto randomAccessStream = ref new Windows::Storage::Streams::InMemoryRandomAccessStream();
        CheckHResult(CreateStreamOverRandomAccessStream(randomAccessStream, IID_PPV_ARGS(stream)));
    }
    
    // Start an HTTP POST on the specified URI, using a string body.  The returned task produces the
    // HTTP response text.  The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase().
    task<wstring> HttpRequest::PostAsync(Uri^ uri, const wstring& body, cancellation_token cancellationToken)
    {
        int length = 0;
        ComPtr<IStream> postStream;
        CreateMemoryStream(&postStream);
    
        if (body.length() > 0)
        {
            // Get the required buffer size.
            int size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8,                         // UTF-8
                                           0,                               // Conversion type
                                           body.c_str(),                    // Unicode string to convert
                                           static_cast<int>(body.length()), // Size
                                           nullptr,                         // Output buffer
                                           0,                               // Output buffer size
                                           nullptr,
                                           nullptr);
            CheckHResult((size != 0) ? S_OK : HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
    
            std::unique_ptr<char[]> tempData(new char[size]);
            length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8,                         // UTF-8
                                         0,                               // Conversion type
                                         body.c_str(),                    // Unicode string to convert
                                         static_cast<int>(body.length()), // Size
                                         tempData.get(),                  // Output buffer
                                         size,                            // Output buffer size
                                         nullptr,
                                         nullptr);
            CheckHResult((length != 0) ? S_OK : HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
            CheckHResult(postStream->Write(tempData.get(), length, nullptr));
        }
    
        return DownloadAsync(L"POST",
                             uri->AbsoluteUri->Data(),
                             cancellationToken,
                             L"text/plain;charset=utf-8",
                             postStream.Get(),
                             length);
    }
    
    // Start an HTTP POST on the specified URI, using a stream body.  The returned task produces the
    // HTTP response text.  The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase().
    task<wstring> HttpRequest::PostAsync(Uri^ uri, PCWSTR contentType, IStream* postStream,
        uint64 postStreamSizeToSend, cancellation_token cancellationToken)
    {
        return DownloadAsync(L"POST",
                             uri->AbsoluteUri->Data(),
                             cancellationToken,
                             contentType,
                             postStream,
                             postStreamSizeToSend);
    }
    
    // Send a request but don't return the response.  Instead, let the caller read it with ReadAsync().
    task<void> HttpRequest::SendAsync(const wstring& httpMethod, Uri^ uri, cancellation_token cancellationToken)
    {
        // Create an IXMLHTTPRequest2 object.
        ComPtr<IXMLHTTPRequest2> xhr;
        CheckHResult(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_XmlHttpRequest, nullptr, CLSCTX_INPROC, IID_PPV_ARGS(&xhr)));
    
        // Create callback.
        buffersCallback = Make<Web::Details::HttpRequestBuffersCallback>(xhr.Get(), cancellationToken);
        CheckHResult(buffersCallback ? S_OK : E_OUTOFMEMORY);
    
        ComPtr<IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback> xhrCallback;
        CheckHResult(buffersCallback.As(&xhrCallback));
    
        // Open and send the request.
        CheckHResult(xhr->Open(httpMethod.c_str(),
                               uri->AbsoluteUri->Data(),
                               xhrCallback.Get(),
                               nullptr,
                               nullptr,
                               nullptr,
                               nullptr));
    
        responseComplete = false;
    
        CheckHResult(xhr->Send(nullptr, 0));
    
        // Return a task that completes when the HTTP operation completes.
        // Since buffersCallback holds a reference on the callback, the lifetime of the callback will exceed
        // the operation and ensure that cancellation works correctly.
        return buffersCallback->CreateDataTask().then([this]()
        {
            CheckHResult(buffersCallback->GetError());
    
            statusCode = buffersCallback->GetStatusCode();
            reasonPhrase = buffersCallback->GetReasonPhrase();
        });
    }
    
    // Read a chunk of data from the HTTP response, up to a specified length or until we reach the end
    // of the response, and store the value in the provided buffer.  This is useful for large content,
    // enabling the streaming of the result.
    task<void> HttpRequest::ReadAsync(Windows::Storage::Streams::IBuffer^ readBuffer, unsigned int offsetInBuffer,
        unsigned int requestedBytesToRead)
    {
        if (offsetInBuffer + requestedBytesToRead > readBuffer->Capacity)
        {
            throw ref new InvalidArgumentException();
        }
    
        // Return a task that completes when a read completes. 
        // We pass the callback to the continuation because the lifetime of the 
        // callback must exceed the operation to ensure that cancellation 
        // works correctly.
        return buffersCallback->CreateDataTask().then([this, readBuffer, offsetInBuffer, requestedBytesToRead]()
        {
            CheckHResult(buffersCallback->GetError());
    
            // Get a pointer to the location to copy data into.
            ComPtr<IBufferByteAccess> bufferByteAccess;
            CheckHResult(reinterpret_cast<IUnknown*>(readBuffer)->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&bufferByteAccess)));
            byte* outputBuffer; // Returned internal pointer, do not free this value.
            CheckHResult(bufferByteAccess->Buffer(&outputBuffer));
    
            // Copy bytes from the sequential stream into the buffer provided until
            // we reach the end of one or the other.
            readBuffer->Length = buffersCallback->ReadData(outputBuffer + offsetInBuffer, requestedBytesToRead);
            if (buffersCallback->IsResponseReceived() && (readBuffer->Length < requestedBytesToRead))
            {
                responseComplete = true;
            }
        });
    }
    

UWP Uygulamasında HttpRequest Sınıfını Kullanma

Bu bölümde, sınıfın HttpRequest UWP uygulamasında nasıl kullanılacağı gösterilmektedir. Uygulama, URL kaynağını tanımlayan bir giriş kutusu, GET ve POST işlemleri gerçekleştiren düğme komutları ve geçerli işlemi iptal eden bir düğme komutu sağlar.

HttpRequest Sınıfını kullanmak için

  1. MainPage.xaml dosyasında StackPanel öğesini aşağıdaki gibi tanımlayın.

    <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="440"
                Background="{StaticResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">
        <TextBox x:Name="InputTextBox" TextWrapping="Wrap" 
                 Text="http://www.fourthcoffee.com/"/>
        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
            <Button x:Name="GetButton" Content="Get" Background="Green" 
                Click="GetButton_Click"/>
            <Button x:Name="PostButton" Content="Post" Background="Blue" 
                Click="PostButton_Click"/>
            <Button x:Name="CancelButton" Content="Cancel" Background="Red"
                IsEnabled="False" Click="CancelButton_Click"/>
            <ProgressRing x:Name="ResponseProgressRing" />
        </StackPanel>
        <TextBlock x:Name="ResponseTextBlock" TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
    </StackPanel>
    
  2. MainPage.xaml.h dosyasında şu #include yönergeyi ekleyin:

    #include "HttpRequest.h"
    
  3. MainPage.xaml.h dosyasında şu private üye değişkenlerini sınıfına MainPage ekleyin:

    // Produces HTTP requets.
    Web::HttpRequest m_httpRequest;
    // Enables us to cancel the active HTTP request.
    concurrency::cancellation_token_source m_cancelHttpRequestSource;
    
  4. MainPage.xaml.h dosyasında yöntemini ProcessHttpRequestbildirinprivate:

    // Displays the result of the provided HTTP request on the UI.
    void ProcessHttpRequest(concurrency::task<std::wstring> httpRequest);
    
  5. MainPage.xaml.cpp şu deyimleri ekleyin using :

    using namespace concurrency;
    using namespace std;
    using namespace Web;
    
  6. MainPage.xaml.cpp, sınıfının , PostButton_Clickve CancelButton_Click yöntemlerini MainPage uygulayınGetButton_Click.

    void MainPage::GetButton_Click(Object^ sender, RoutedEventArgs^ e)
    {
        // Create a new cancellation token source for the web request.
        m_cancelHttpRequestSource = cancellation_token_source();
    
        // Set up the GET request parameters.
        auto uri = ref new Uri(InputTextBox->Text);
        auto token = m_cancelHttpRequestSource.get_token();
    
        // Send the request and then update the UI.
        ProcessHttpRequest(m_httpRequest.GetAsync(uri, token));
    }
    
    void MainPage::PostButton_Click(Object^ sender, RoutedEventArgs^ e)
    {
        // Create a new cancellation token source for the web request.
        m_cancelHttpRequestSource = cancellation_token_source();
    
        // Set up the POST request parameters.
        auto uri = ref new Uri(InputTextBox->Text);
        wstring postData(L"This is sample POST data.");
        auto token = m_cancelHttpRequestSource.get_token();
    
        // Send the request and then update the UI.
        ProcessHttpRequest(m_httpRequest.PostAsync(uri, postData, token));
    }
    
    void MainPage::CancelButton_Click(Object^ sender, RoutedEventArgs^ e)
    {
        // Disable the Cancel button.
        // It will be re-enabled during the next web request.
        CancelButton->IsEnabled = false;
    
        // Initiate cancellation.
        m_cancelHttpRequestSource.cancel();
    }
    
  7. MainPage.xaml.cpp'da yöntemini uygulayın MainPage::ProcessHttpRequest .

    // Displays the result of the provided HTTP request on the UI.
    void MainPage::ProcessHttpRequest(task<wstring> httpRequest)
    {
        // Enable only the Cancel button.
        GetButton->IsEnabled = false;
        PostButton->IsEnabled = false;
        CancelButton->IsEnabled = true;
    
        // Clear the previous response and start the progress ring.
        ResponseTextBlock->Text = "";
        ResponseProgressRing->IsActive = true;
    
        // Create a continuation that shows the results on the UI.
        // The UI must be updated on the ASTA thread. 
        // Therefore, schedule the continuation to run on the current context.
        httpRequest.then([this](task<wstring> previousTask)
        {
            try
            {
                //
                // Show the result on the UI.
    
                wstring response = previousTask.get();
                if (m_httpRequest.GetStatusCode() == 200)
                {
                    // The request succeeded. Show the response.
                    ResponseTextBlock->Text = ref new String(response.c_str());
                }
                else
                {
                    // The request failed. Show the status code and reason.
                    wstringstream ss;
                    ss << L"The server returned "
                       << m_httpRequest.GetStatusCode()
                       << L" ("
                       << m_httpRequest.GetReasonPhrase()
                       << L')';
                    ResponseTextBlock->Text = ref new String(ss.str().c_str());
                }
            }
            catch (const task_canceled&)
            {
                // Indicate that the operation was canceled.
                ResponseTextBlock->Text = "The operation was canceled";
            }
            catch (Exception^ e)
            {
                // Indicate that the operation failed.
                ResponseTextBlock->Text = "The operation failed";
    
                // TODO: Handle the error further.
                (void)e;
            }
    
            // Enable the Get and Post buttons.
            GetButton->IsEnabled = true;
            PostButton->IsEnabled = true;
            CancelButton->IsEnabled = false;
    
            // Stop the progress ring.
            ResponseProgressRing->IsActive = false;
    
        }, task_continuation_context::use_current());
    }
    
  8. Proje özelliklerinde Bağlayıcı, Giriş altında ve msxml6.libbelirtin.shcore.lib

Çalışan uygulama şu şekildedir:

Çalışan Windows Çalışma Zamanı uygulaması.

Sonraki Adımlar

Eşzamanlılık Çalışma Zamanı İzlenecek Yollar

Ayrıca bkz.

Görev Paralelliği
PPL'de İptal
C++ dilinde zaman uyumsuz programlama
UWP Uygulamaları için C++ Uygulamasında Zaman Uyumsuz İşlemler Oluşturma
Hızlı Başlangıç: XML HTTP İsteği (IXMLHTTPRequest2)görev Sınıfı (Eşzamanlılık Çalışma Zamanı) kullanarak bağlanma
task_completion_event Sınıfı