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Merge two adjacent cells in a spreadsheet document

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This topic shows how to use the classes in the Open XML SDK for Office to merge two adjacent cells in a spreadsheet document programmatically.

Basic structure of a spreadsheetML document

The basic document structure of a SpreadsheetML document consists of the Sheets and Sheet elements, which reference the worksheets in the workbook. A separate XML file is created for each worksheet. For example, the SpreadsheetML for a Workbook that has two worksheets name MySheet1 and MySheet2 is located in the Workbook.xml file and is shown in the following code example.

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?> 
    <workbook xmlns=https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main xmlns:r="https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships">
        <sheets>
            <sheet name="MySheet1" sheetId="1" r:id="rId1" /> 
            <sheet name="MySheet2" sheetId="2" r:id="rId2" /> 
        </sheets>
    </workbook>

The worksheet XML files contain one or more block level elements such as sheetData represents the cell table and contains one or more Row elements. A row contains one or more Cell elements. Each cell contains a CellValue element that represents the value of the cell. For example, the SpreadsheetML for the first worksheet in a workbook, that only has the value 100 in cell A1, is located in the Sheet1.xml file and is shown in the following code example.

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
    <worksheet xmlns="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main">
        <sheetData>
            <row r="1">
                <c r="A1">
                    <v>100</v> 
                </c>
            </row>
        </sheetData>
    </worksheet>

Using the Open XML SDK, you can create document structure and content that uses strongly-typed classes that correspond to SpreadsheetML elements. You can find these classes in the DocumentFormat.OpenXML.Spreadsheet namespace. The following table lists the class names of the classes that correspond to the workbook, sheets, sheet, worksheet, and sheetData elements.

SpreadsheetML Element Open XML SDK Class Description
workbook DocumentFormat.OpenXML.Spreadsheet.Workbook The root element for the main document part.
sheets DocumentFormat.OpenXML.Spreadsheet.Sheets The container for the block level structures such as sheet, fileVersion, and others specified in the ISO/IEC 29500 specification.
sheet DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.Sheet A sheet that points to a sheet definition file.
worksheet DocumentFormat.OpenXML.Spreadsheet. Worksheet A sheet definition file that contains the sheet data.
sheetData DocumentFormat.OpenXML.Spreadsheet.SheetData The cell table, grouped together by rows.
row DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.Row A row in the cell table.
c DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.Cell A cell in a row.
v DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.CellValue The value of a cell.

Sample Code

The following code merges two adjacent cells in a SpreadsheetDocument document package. When merging two cells, only the content from one of the cells is preserved. In left-to-right languages, the content in the upper-left cell is preserved. In right-to-left languages, the content in the upper-right cell is preserved.

The following is the complete sample code in both C# and Visual Basic.

using DocumentFormat.OpenXml;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;


// Given a document name, a worksheet name, and the names of two adjacent cells, merges the two cells.
// When two cells are merged, only the content from one cell is preserved:
// the upper-left cell for left-to-right languages or the upper-right cell for right-to-left languages.
static void MergeTwoCells(string docName, string sheetName, string cell1Name, string cell2Name)
{
    // Open the document for editing.
    using (SpreadsheetDocument document = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(docName, true))
    {
        Worksheet? worksheet = GetWorksheet(document, sheetName);
        if (worksheet is null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(cell1Name) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(cell2Name))
        {
            return;
        }

        // Verify if the specified cells exist, and if they do not exist, create them.
        CreateSpreadsheetCellIfNotExist(worksheet, cell1Name);
        CreateSpreadsheetCellIfNotExist(worksheet, cell2Name);

        MergeCells mergeCells;
        if (worksheet.Elements<MergeCells>().Count() > 0)
        {
            mergeCells = worksheet.Elements<MergeCells>().First();
        }
        else
        {
            mergeCells = new MergeCells();

            // Insert a MergeCells object into the specified position.
            if (worksheet.Elements<CustomSheetView>().Count() > 0)
            {
                worksheet.InsertAfter(mergeCells, worksheet.Elements<CustomSheetView>().First());
            }
            else if (worksheet.Elements<DataConsolidate>().Count() > 0)
            {
                worksheet.InsertAfter(mergeCells, worksheet.Elements<DataConsolidate>().First());
            }
            else if (worksheet.Elements<SortState>().Count() > 0)
            {
                worksheet.InsertAfter(mergeCells, worksheet.Elements<SortState>().First());
            }
            else if (worksheet.Elements<AutoFilter>().Count() > 0)
            {
                worksheet.InsertAfter(mergeCells, worksheet.Elements<AutoFilter>().First());
            }
            else if (worksheet.Elements<Scenarios>().Count() > 0)
            {
                worksheet.InsertAfter(mergeCells, worksheet.Elements<Scenarios>().First());
            }
            else if (worksheet.Elements<ProtectedRanges>().Count() > 0)
            {
                worksheet.InsertAfter(mergeCells, worksheet.Elements<ProtectedRanges>().First());
            }
            else if (worksheet.Elements<SheetProtection>().Count() > 0)
            {
                worksheet.InsertAfter(mergeCells, worksheet.Elements<SheetProtection>().First());
            }
            else if (worksheet.Elements<SheetCalculationProperties>().Count() > 0)
            {
                worksheet.InsertAfter(mergeCells, worksheet.Elements<SheetCalculationProperties>().First());
            }
            else
            {
                worksheet.InsertAfter(mergeCells, worksheet.Elements<SheetData>().First());
            }
        }

        // Create the merged cell and append it to the MergeCells collection.
        MergeCell mergeCell = new MergeCell() { Reference = new StringValue(cell1Name + ":" + cell2Name) };
        mergeCells.Append(mergeCell);

        worksheet.Save();
    }
}
// Given a Worksheet and a cell name, verifies that the specified cell exists.
// If it does not exist, creates a new cell. 
static void CreateSpreadsheetCellIfNotExist(Worksheet worksheet, string cellName)
{
    string columnName = GetColumnName(cellName);
    uint rowIndex = GetRowIndex(cellName);

    IEnumerable<Row> rows = worksheet.Descendants<Row>().Where(r => r.RowIndex?.Value == rowIndex);

    // If the Worksheet does not contain the specified row, create the specified row.
    // Create the specified cell in that row, and insert the row into the Worksheet.
    if (rows.Count() == 0)
    {
        Row row = new Row() { RowIndex = new UInt32Value(rowIndex) };
        Cell cell = new Cell() { CellReference = new StringValue(cellName) };
        row.Append(cell);
        worksheet.Descendants<SheetData>().First().Append(row);

        worksheet.Save();
    }
    else
    {
        Row row = rows.First();

        IEnumerable<Cell> cells = row.Elements<Cell>().Where(c => c.CellReference?.Value == cellName);

        // If the row does not contain the specified cell, create the specified cell.
        if (cells.Count() == 0)
        {
            Cell cell = new Cell() { CellReference = new StringValue(cellName) };
            row.Append(cell);

            worksheet.Save();
        }
    }
}

// Given a SpreadsheetDocument and a worksheet name, get the specified worksheet.
static Worksheet? GetWorksheet(SpreadsheetDocument document, string worksheetName)
{
    WorkbookPart workbookPart = document.WorkbookPart ?? document.AddWorkbookPart();
    IEnumerable<Sheet> sheets = workbookPart.Workbook.Descendants<Sheet>().Where(s => s.Name == worksheetName);

    string? id = sheets.First().Id;
    WorksheetPart? worksheetPart = id is not null ? (WorksheetPart)workbookPart.GetPartById(id) : null;

    return worksheetPart?.Worksheet;
}

// Given a cell name, parses the specified cell to get the column name.
static string GetColumnName(string cellName)
{
    // Create a regular expression to match the column name portion of the cell name.
    Regex regex = new Regex("[A-Za-z]+");
    Match match = regex.Match(cellName);

    return match.Value;
}
// Given a cell name, parses the specified cell to get the row index.
static uint GetRowIndex(string cellName)
{
    // Create a regular expression to match the row index portion the cell name.
    Regex regex = new Regex(@"\d+");
    Match match = regex.Match(cellName);

    return uint.Parse(match.Value);
}

See also