Yardımcı işlevler
Bu makale, M uzantılarında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir dizi yardımcı işlev içerir. Bu işlevler sonunda resmi M kitaplığına taşınabilir, ancak şimdilik uzantı dosya kodunuz içine kopyalanabilir. Bu işlevlerin hiçbirini uzantı kodunuz içinde olarak shared
işaretlememelisiniz.
Bu işlev, Uzantınızın Power Query'nin gezinti ağacı olarak tanıyabileceği bir tablo değeri döndürmesi için gereken tablo türü meta verilerini ekler. Daha fazla bilgi için Gezinti tabloları'na gidin.
Table.ToNavigationTable = (
table as table,
keyColumns as list,
nameColumn as text,
dataColumn as text,
itemKindColumn as text,
itemNameColumn as text,
isLeafColumn as text
) as table =>
let
tableType = Value.Type(table),
newTableType = Type.AddTableKey(tableType, keyColumns, true) meta
[
NavigationTable.NameColumn = nameColumn,
NavigationTable.DataColumn = dataColumn,
NavigationTable.ItemKindColumn = itemKindColumn,
Preview.DelayColumn = itemNameColumn,
NavigationTable.IsLeafColumn = isLeafColumn
],
navigationTable = Value.ReplaceType(table, newTableType)
in
navigationTable;
Örnek kullanım:
shared MyExtension.Contents = () =>
let
objects = #table(
{"Name", "Key", "Data", "ItemKind", "ItemName", "IsLeaf"},{
{"Item1", "item1", #table({"Column1"}, {{"Item1"}}), "Table", "Table", true},
{"Item2", "item2", #table({"Column1"}, {{"Item2"}}), "Table", "Table", true},
{"Item3", "item3", FunctionCallThatReturnsATable(), "Table", "Table", true},
{"MyFunction", "myfunction", AnotherFunction.Contents(), "Function", "Function", true}
}),
NavTable = Table.ToNavigationTable(objects, {"Key"}, "Name", "Data", "ItemKind", "ItemName", "IsLeaf")
in
NavTable;
Bu işlev, kayıttaki tek tek alanları temel alan tam bir URL oluşturur. Uri.Parts'ın tersi gibi davranır.
Uri.FromParts = (parts) =>
let
port = if (parts[Scheme] = "https" and parts[Port] = 443) or (parts[Scheme] = "http" and parts[Port] = 80) then "" else ":" & Text.From(parts[Port]),
div1 = if Record.FieldCount(parts[Query]) > 0 then "?" else "",
div2 = if Text.Length(parts[Fragment]) > 0 then "#" else "",
uri = Text.Combine({parts[Scheme], "://", parts[Host], port, parts[Path], div1, Uri.BuildQueryString(parts[Query]), div2, parts[Fragment]})
in
uri;
Bu işlev, belirli bir URL için şemayı, konağı ve varsayılan bağlantı noktasını (HTTP/HTTPS için) döndürür. Örneğin, https://bing.com/subpath/query?param=1¶m2=hello
olur https://bing.com:443
.
Bu özellikle oluşturmak ResourcePath
için yararlıdır.
Uri.GetHost = (url) =>
let
parts = Uri.Parts(url),
port = if (parts[Scheme] = "https" and parts[Port] = 443) or (parts[Scheme] = "http" and parts[Port] = 80) then "" else ":" & Text.From(parts[Port])
in
parts[Scheme] & "://" & parts[Host] & port;
Bu işlev, kullanıcının BIR HTTPS URL'si girip girmediğini denetler ve girmediği takdirde bir hata oluşturur. Bu, sertifikalı bağlayıcılar için kullanıcı tarafından girilen URL'ler için gereklidir.
ValidateUrlScheme = (url as text) as text => if (Uri.Parts(url)[Scheme] <> "https") then error "Url scheme must be HTTPS" else url;
Bunu uygulamak için parametrenizi veri erişim işlevinize sarmalamanız url
gerekir.
DataAccessFunction = (url as text) as table =>
let
_url = ValidateUrlScheme(url),
source = Web.Contents(_url)
in
source;
Bu işlev zaman uyumsuz bir HTTP isteği yaparken kullanışlıdır ve istek tamamlanana kadar sunucuyu yoklamanız gerekir.
Value.WaitFor = (producer as function, interval as function, optional count as number) as any =>
let
list = List.Generate(
() => {0, null},
(state) => state{0} <> null and (count = null or state{0} < count),
(state) => if state{1} <> null then {null, state{1}} else {1 + state{0}, Function.InvokeAfter(() => producer(state{0}), interval(state{0}))},
(state) => state{1})
in
List.Last(list);
Bu işlev, bir API verileri birçok REST API için ortak olan artımlı/sayfalı biçimde döndürdüğünde kullanılır. getNextPage
bağımsız değişkeni, öğesine yapılan önceki çağrının getNextPage
sonucu olan tek bir parametreyi alan ve döndürmesi gereken bir nullable table
işlevdir.
getNextPage = (lastPage) as nullable table => ...;
getNextPage
döndürene kadar tekrar tekrar çağrılır null
. İşlev, tüm sayfaları tek bir tablo halinde harmanlar. için ilk çağrının getNextPage
sonucu null olduğunda boş bir tablo döndürülür.
// The getNextPage function takes a single argument and is expected to return a nullable table
Table.GenerateByPage = (getNextPage as function) as table =>
let
listOfPages = List.Generate(
() => getNextPage(null), // get the first page of data
(lastPage) => lastPage <> null, // stop when the function returns null
(lastPage) => getNextPage(lastPage) // pass the previous page to the next function call
),
// concatenate the pages together
tableOfPages = Table.FromList(listOfPages, Splitter.SplitByNothing(), {"Column1"}),
firstRow = tableOfPages{0}?
in
// if we didn't get back any pages of data, return an empty table
// otherwise set the table type based on the columns of the first page
if (firstRow = null) then
Table.FromRows({})
// check for empty first table
else if (Table.IsEmpty(firstRow[Column1])) then
firstRow[Column1]
else
Value.ReplaceType(
Table.ExpandTableColumn(tableOfPages, "Column1", Table.ColumnNames(firstRow[Column1])),
Value.Type(firstRow[Column1])
);
Ek notlar:
- İşlevin
getNextPage
sonraki sayfa URL'sini (veya sayfa numarasını veya disk belleği mantığını uygulamak için kullanılan diğer değerleri) alması gerekir. Bu işlem genellikle sayfaya döndürmeden önce değerler eklenerekmeta
gerçekleştirilir. - Birleştirilmiş tablonun sütunları ve tablo türü (tüm sayfalar birlikte) verilerin ilk sayfasından türetilir. işlevi her
getNextPage
veri sayfasını normalleştirmelidir. - İlk çağrısı
getNextPage
null parametre alır. getNextPage
sayfa kalmadığında null döndürmelidir.
Bu işlevi kullanma örneği GitHub örneğinde ve TripPin disk belleği örneğinde bulunabilir.
Github.PagedTable = (url as text) => Table.GenerateByPage((previous) =>
let
// If we have a previous page, get its Next link from metadata on the page.
next = if (previous <> null) then Value.Metadata(previous)[Next] else null,
// If we have a next link, use it, otherwise use the original URL that was passed in.
urlToUse = if (next <> null) then next else url,
// If we have a previous page, but don't have a next link, then we're done paging.
// Otherwise retrieve the next page.
current = if (previous <> null and next = null) then null else Github.Contents(urlToUse),
// If we got data back from the current page, get the link for the next page
link = if (current <> null) then Value.Metadata(current)[Next] else null
in
current meta [Next=link]);
EnforceSchema.Strict = 1; // Add any missing columns, remove extra columns, set table type
EnforceSchema.IgnoreExtraColumns = 2; // Add missing columns, don't remove extra columns
EnforceSchema.IgnoreMissingColumns = 3; // Don't add or remove columns
SchemaTransformTable = (table as table, schema as table, optional enforceSchema as number) as table =>
let
// Default to EnforceSchema.Strict
_enforceSchema = if (enforceSchema <> null) then enforceSchema else EnforceSchema.Strict,
// Applies type transforms to a given table
EnforceTypes = (table as table, schema as table) as table =>
let
map = (t) => if Type.Is(t, type list) or Type.Is(t, type record) or t = type any then null else t,
mapped = Table.TransformColumns(schema, {"Type", map}),
omitted = Table.SelectRows(mapped, each [Type] <> null),
existingColumns = Table.ColumnNames(table),
removeMissing = Table.SelectRows(omitted, each List.Contains(existingColumns, [Name])),
primativeTransforms = Table.ToRows(removeMissing),
changedPrimatives = Table.TransformColumnTypes(table, primativeTransforms)
in
changedPrimatives,
// Returns the table type for a given schema
SchemaToTableType = (schema as table) as type =>
let
toList = List.Transform(schema[Type], (t) => [Type=t, Optional=false]),
toRecord = Record.FromList(toList, schema[Name]),
toType = Type.ForRecord(toRecord, false)
in
type table (toType),
// Determine if we have extra/missing columns.
// The enforceSchema parameter determines what we do about them.
schemaNames = schema[Name],
foundNames = Table.ColumnNames(table),
addNames = List.RemoveItems(schemaNames, foundNames),
extraNames = List.RemoveItems(foundNames, schemaNames),
tmp = Text.NewGuid(),
added = Table.AddColumn(table, tmp, each []),
expanded = Table.ExpandRecordColumn(added, tmp, addNames),
result = if List.IsEmpty(addNames) then table else expanded,
fullList =
if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.Strict) then
schemaNames
else if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.IgnoreMissingColumns) then
foundNames
else
schemaNames & extraNames,
// Select the final list of columns.
// These are ordered according to the schema table.
reordered = Table.SelectColumns(result, fullList, MissingField.Ignore),
enforcedTypes = EnforceTypes(reordered, schema),
withType = if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.Strict) then Value.ReplaceType(enforcedTypes, SchemaToTableType(schema)) else enforcedTypes
in
withType;
let
// table should be an actual Table.Type, or a List.Type of Records
Table.ChangeType = (table, tableType as type) as nullable table =>
// we only operate on table types
if (not Type.Is(tableType, type table)) then error "type argument should be a table type" else
// if we have a null value, just return it
if (table = null) then table else
let
columnsForType = Type.RecordFields(Type.TableRow(tableType)),
columnsAsTable = Record.ToTable(columnsForType),
schema = Table.ExpandRecordColumn(columnsAsTable, "Value", {"Type"}, {"Type"}),
previousMeta = Value.Metadata(tableType),
// make sure we have a table
parameterType = Value.Type(table),
_table =
if (Type.Is(parameterType, type table)) then table
else if (Type.Is(parameterType, type list)) then
let
asTable = Table.FromList(table, Splitter.SplitByNothing(), {"Column1"}),
firstValueType = Value.Type(Table.FirstValue(asTable, null)),
result =
// if the member is a record (as expected), then expand it.
if (Type.Is(firstValueType, type record)) then
Table.ExpandRecordColumn(asTable, "Column1", schema[Name])
else
error Error.Record("Error.Parameter", "table argument is a list, but not a list of records", [ ValueType = firstValueType ])
in
if (List.IsEmpty(table)) then
#table({"a"}, {})
else result
else
error Error.Record("Error.Parameter", "table argument should be a table or list of records", [ValueType = parameterType]),
reordered = Table.SelectColumns(_table, schema[Name], MissingField.UseNull),
// process primitive values - this calls Table.TransformColumnTypes
map = (t) => if Type.Is(t, type table) or Type.Is(t, type list) or Type.Is(t, type record) or t = type any then null else t,
mapped = Table.TransformColumns(schema, {"Type", map}),
omitted = Table.SelectRows(mapped, each [Type] <> null),
existingColumns = Table.ColumnNames(reordered),
removeMissing = Table.SelectRows(omitted, each List.Contains(existingColumns, [Name])),
primativeTransforms = Table.ToRows(removeMissing),
changedPrimatives = Table.TransformColumnTypes(reordered, primativeTransforms),
// Get the list of transforms we use for Record types
recordColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type record)),
recordTypeTransformations = Table.AddColumn(recordColumns, "RecordTransformations", each (r) => Record.ChangeType(r, [Type]), type function),
recordChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(recordTypeTransformations, {"Name", "RecordTransformations"})),
// Get the list of transforms we use for List types
listColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type list)),
listTransforms = Table.AddColumn(listColumns, "ListTransformations", each (t) => List.ChangeType(t, [Type]), Function.Type),
listChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(listTransforms, {"Name", "ListTransformations"})),
// Get the list of transforms we use for Table types
tableColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type table)),
tableTransforms = Table.AddColumn(tableColumns, "TableTransformations", each (t) => @Table.ChangeType(t, [Type]), Function.Type),
tableChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(tableTransforms, {"Name", "TableTransformations"})),
// Perform all of our transformations
allColumnTransforms = recordChanges & listChanges & tableChanges,
changedRecordTypes = if (List.IsEmpty(allColumnTransforms)) then changedPrimatives else Table.TransformColumns(changedPrimatives, allColumnTransforms, null, MissingField.Ignore),
// set final type
withType = Value.ReplaceType(changedRecordTypes, tableType)
in
if (List.IsEmpty(Record.FieldNames(columnsForType))) then table else withType meta previousMeta,
// If given a generic record type (no predefined fields), the original record is returned
Record.ChangeType = (record as record, recordType as type) =>
let
// record field format is [ fieldName = [ Type = type, Optional = logical], ... ]
fields = try Type.RecordFields(recordType) otherwise error "Record.ChangeType: failed to get record fields. Is this a record type?",
fieldNames = Record.FieldNames(fields),
fieldTable = Record.ToTable(fields),
optionalFields = Table.SelectRows(fieldTable, each [Value][Optional])[Name],
requiredFields = List.Difference(fieldNames, optionalFields),
// make sure all required fields exist
withRequired = Record.SelectFields(record, requiredFields, MissingField.UseNull),
// append optional fields
withOptional = withRequired & Record.SelectFields(record, optionalFields, MissingField.Ignore),
// set types
transforms = GetTransformsForType(recordType),
withTypes = Record.TransformFields(withOptional, transforms, MissingField.Ignore),
// order the same as the record type
reorder = Record.ReorderFields(withTypes, fieldNames, MissingField.Ignore)
in
if (List.IsEmpty(fieldNames)) then record else reorder,
List.ChangeType = (list as list, listType as type) =>
if (not Type.Is(listType, type list)) then error "type argument should be a list type" else
let
listItemType = Type.ListItem(listType),
transform = GetTransformByType(listItemType),
modifiedValues = List.Transform(list, transform),
typed = Value.ReplaceType(modifiedValues, listType)
in
typed,
// Returns a table type for the provided schema table
Schema.ToTableType = (schema as table) as type =>
let
toList = List.Transform(schema[Type], (t) => [Type=t, Optional=false]),
toRecord = Record.FromList(toList, schema[Name]),
toType = Type.ForRecord(toRecord, false),
previousMeta = Value.Metadata(schema)
in
type table (toType) meta previousMeta,
// Returns a list of transformations that can be passed to Table.TransformColumns, or Record.TransformFields
// Format: {"Column", (f) => ...} .... ex: {"A", Number.From}
GetTransformsForType = (_type as type) as list =>
let
fieldsOrColumns = if (Type.Is(_type, type record)) then Type.RecordFields(_type)
else if (Type.Is(_type, type table)) then Type.RecordFields(Type.TableRow(_type))
else error "GetTransformsForType: record or table type expected",
toTable = Record.ToTable(fieldsOrColumns),
transformColumn = Table.AddColumn(toTable, "Transform", each GetTransformByType([Value][Type]), Function.Type),
transformMap = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(transformColumn, {"Name", "Transform"}))
in
transformMap,
GetTransformByType = (_type as type) as function =>
if (Type.Is(_type, type number)) then Number.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type text)) then Text.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type date)) then Date.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type datetime)) then DateTime.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type duration)) then Duration.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type datetimezone)) then DateTimeZone.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type logical)) then Logical.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type time)) then Time.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type record)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @Record.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
else if (Type.Is(_type, type table)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @Table.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
else if (Type.Is(_type, type list)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @List.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
else (t) => t
in
Table.ChangeType