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Bu örnek, parametre kümelerini bildiren, varsayılan parametre kümesini belirten ve giriş nesnesini kabul eden bir cmdlet'in nasıl yazıldığını gösterir. Bu cmdlet, Windows PowerShell 2.0 tarafından sağlanan Stop-Process cmdlet'ine benzer.
Visual Studio kullanarak örnek oluşturma
Windows PowerShell 2.0 SDK'sı yüklü olarak StopProcessSample04 klasörüne gidin. Varsayılan konum
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0\Samples\sysmgmt\WindowsPowerShell\csharp\StopProcessSample04.Çözüm (.sln) dosyasının simgesine çift tıklayın. Bu işlem örnek projeyi Microsoft Visual Studio'da açar.
Derleme menüsünde Çözümü Derle 'ı seçerek varsayılan
\binveya\bin\debugklasörlerinde örneğin kitaplığını oluşturun.
Örneği çalıştırma
Aşağıdaki modül klasörünü oluşturun:
[user]\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\StopProcessSample04Örnek derlemeyi modül klasörüne kopyalayın.
Windows PowerShell’i başlatın.
Derlemeyi Windows PowerShell'e yüklemek için aşağıdaki komutu çalıştırın:
Import-Module stopprossessample04Cmdlet'ini çalıştırmak için aşağıdaki komutu çalıştırın:
Stop-Proc
Gereksinimler
Bu örnek Için Windows PowerShell 2.0 gerekir.
Gösterir
Bu örnekte aşağıdakiler gösterilmektedir.
Cmdlet özniteliğini kullanarak bir cmdlet sınıfı bildirme.
Parameter özniteliğini kullanarak cmdlet parametreleri bildirme.
Giriş nesnesini kabul eden bir parametre ekleme.
Parametre kümelerine parametre ekleme
Varsayılan parametre kümesini belirtme.
Örnek
Aşağıdaki kod, parametre kümelerini bildiren, varsayılan parametre kümesini belirten ve giriş nesnesini kabul edebilen Stop-Proc cmdlet'inin bir uygulamasını gösterir.
Bu örnek giriş nesnesini, parametre kümelerinin nasıl bildirileceğini ve kullanılacak varsayılan parametre kümesinin nasıl belirtileceğini gösterir.
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Collections;
using Win32Exception = System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception;
using System.Management.Automation; //Windows PowerShell namespace
using System.Globalization;
namespace Microsoft.Samples.PowerShell.Commands
{
#region StopProcCommand
/// <summary>
/// This class implements the Stop-Proc cmdlet.
/// </summary>
[Cmdlet(VerbsLifecycle.Stop, "Proc",
DefaultParameterSetName = "ProcessId",
SupportsShouldProcess = true)]
public class StopProcCommand : PSCmdlet
{
#region Parameters
/// <summary>
/// This parameter provides the list of process names on
/// which the Stop-Proc cmdlet will work.
/// </summary>
[Parameter(
Position = 0,
ParameterSetName = "ProcessName",
Mandatory = true,
ValueFromPipeline = true,
ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = true,
HelpMessage = "The name of one or more processes to stop. Wildcards are permitted."
)]
[Alias("ProcessName")]
public string[] Name
{
get { return processNames; }
set { processNames = value; }
}
private string[] processNames;
/// <summary>
/// This parameter overrides the ShouldContinue call to force
/// the cmdlet to stop its operation. This parameter should always
/// be used with caution.
/// </summary>
[Parameter]
public SwitchParameter Force
{
get { return force; }
set { force = value; }
}
private bool force;
/// <summary>
/// This parameter indicates that the cmdlet should return
/// an object to the pipeline after the processing has been
/// completed.
/// </summary>
[Parameter(
HelpMessage = "If set the process(es) will be passed to the pipeline after stopped."
)]
public SwitchParameter PassThru
{
get { return passThru; }
set { passThru = value; }
}
private bool passThru;
/// This parameter provides the list of process identifiers on
/// which the Stop-Proc cmdlet will work.
[Parameter(
ParameterSetName = "ProcessId",
Mandatory = true,
ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = true,
ValueFromPipeline = true
)]
[Alias("ProcessId")]
public int[] Id
{
get { return processIds; }
set { processIds = value; }
}
private int[] processIds;
/// <summary>
/// This parameter accepts an array of Process objects from the
/// the pipeline. This object contains the processes to stop.
/// </summary>
/// <value>Process objects</value>
[Parameter(
ParameterSetName = "InputObject",
Mandatory = true,
ValueFromPipeline = true)]
public Process[] InputObject
{
get { return inputObject; }
set { inputObject = value; }
}
private Process[] inputObject;
#endregion Parameters
#region CmdletOverrides
/// <summary>
/// The ProcessRecord method does the following for each of the
/// requested process names:
/// 1) Check that the process is not a critical process.
/// 2) Attempt to stop that process.
/// If no process is requested then nothing occurs.
/// </summary>
protected override void ProcessRecord()
{
switch (ParameterSetName)
{
case "ProcessName":
ProcessByName();
break;
case "ProcessId":
ProcessById();
break;
case "InputObject":
foreach (Process process in inputObject)
{
SafeStopProcess(process);
}
break;
default:
throw new ArgumentException("Bad ParameterSet Name");
} // switch (ParameterSetName...
} // ProcessRecord
#endregion Cmdlet Overrides
#region Helper Methods
/// <summary>
/// Returns all processes with matching names.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="processName">
/// The name of the processes to return.
/// </param>
/// <param name="allProcesses">An array of all
/// computer processes.</param>
/// <returns>An array of matching processes.</returns>
internal ArrayList SafeGetProcessesByName(string processName,
ref ArrayList allProcesses)
{
// Create and array to store the matching processes.
ArrayList matchingProcesses = new ArrayList();
// Create the wildcard for pattern matching.
WildcardOptions options = WildcardOptions.IgnoreCase |
WildcardOptions.Compiled;
WildcardPattern wildcard = new WildcardPattern(processName, options);
// Walk all of the machine processes.
foreach(Process process in allProcesses)
{
string processNameToMatch = null;
try
{
processNameToMatch = process.ProcessName;
}
catch (Win32Exception e)
{
// Remove the process from the list so that it is not
// checked again.
allProcesses.Remove(process);
string message =
String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "The process \"{0}\" could not be found",
processName);
WriteVerbose(message);
WriteError(new ErrorRecord(e, "ProcessNotFound",
ErrorCategory.ObjectNotFound, processName));
continue;
}
if (!wildcard.IsMatch(processNameToMatch))
{
continue;
}
matchingProcesses.Add(process);
} // foreach(Process...
return matchingProcesses;
} // SafeGetProcessesByName
/// <summary>
/// Safely stops a named process. Used as standalone function
/// to declutter the ProcessRecord method.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="process">The process to stop.</param>
private void SafeStopProcess(Process process)
{
string processName = null;
try
{
processName = process.ProcessName;
}
catch (Win32Exception e)
{
WriteError(new ErrorRecord(e, "ProcessNotFound",
ErrorCategory.OpenError, processName));
return;
}
// Confirm the operation first.
// This is always false if the WhatIf parameter is specified.
if (!ShouldProcess(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
"{0} ({1})", processName, process.Id)))
{
return;
}
// Make sure that the user really wants to stop a critical
// process that can possibly stop the computer.
bool criticalProcess = criticalProcessNames.Contains(processName.ToLower(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture));
string message = null;
if (criticalProcess && !force)
{
message = String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
"The process \"{0}\" is a critical process and should not be stopped. Are you sure you wish to stop the process?",
processName);
// It is possible that the ProcessRecord method is called
// multiple times when objects are received as inputs from
// the pipeline. So to retain YesToAll and NoToAll input that
// the user may enter across multiple calls to this function,
// they are stored as private members of the cmdlet.
if (!ShouldContinue(message, "Warning!",
ref yesToAll, ref noToAll))
{
return;
}
} // if (criticalProcess...
// Display a warning message if stopping a critical
// process.
if (criticalProcess)
{
message =
String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
"Stopping the critical process \"{0}\".",
processName);
WriteWarning(message);
} // if (criticalProcess...
try
{
// Stop the process.
process.Kill();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
if ((e is Win32Exception) || (e is SystemException) ||
(e is InvalidOperationException))
{
// This process could not be stopped so write
// a non-terminating error.
WriteError(new ErrorRecord(e, "CouldNotStopProcess",
ErrorCategory.CloseError,
process)
);
return;
} // if ((e is...
else throw;
} // catch
// Write a user-level verbose message to the pipeline. These are
// intended to give the user detailed information on the
// operations performed by the cmdlet. These messages will
// appear with the -Verbose option.
message = String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
"Stopped process \"{0}\", pid {1}.",
processName, process.Id);
WriteVerbose(message);
// If the PassThru parameter is specified, return the terminated
// process to the pipeline.
if (passThru)
{
// Write a debug message to the host that can be used
// when troubleshooting a problem. All debug messages
// will appear with the -Debug option
message =
String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
"Writing process \"{0}\" to pipeline",
processName);
WriteDebug(message);
WriteObject(process);
} // if (passThru..
} // SafeStopProcess
/// <summary>
/// Stop processes based on their names (using the
/// ParameterSetName as ProcessName)
/// </summary>
private void ProcessByName()
{
ArrayList allProcesses = null;
// Get a list of all processes.
try
{
allProcesses = new ArrayList(Process.GetProcesses());
}
catch (InvalidOperationException ioe)
{
base.ThrowTerminatingError(new ErrorRecord(
ioe, "UnableToAccessProcessList",
ErrorCategory.InvalidOperation, null));
}
// If a process name is passed to the cmdlet, get
// the associated processes.
// Write a non-terminating error for failure to
// retrieve a process.
foreach (string name in processNames)
{
// The allProcesses array list is passed as a reference because
// any process whose name cannot be obtained will be removed
// from the list so that its not compared the next time.
ArrayList processes =
SafeGetProcessesByName(name, ref allProcesses);
// If no processes were found write a non-
// terminating error.
if (processes.Count == 0)
{
WriteError(new ErrorRecord(
new Exception("Process not found."),
"ProcessNotFound",
ErrorCategory.ObjectNotFound,
name));
} // if (processes...
// Otherwise terminate all processes in the list.
else
{
foreach (Process process in processes)
{
SafeStopProcess(process);
} // foreach (Process...
} // else
} // foreach (string...
} // ProcessByName
/// <summary>
/// Stop processes based on their identifiers (using the
/// ParameterSetName as ProcessIds)
/// </summary>
internal void ProcessById()
{
foreach (int processId in processIds)
{
Process process = null;
try
{
process = Process.GetProcessById(processId);
// Write a debug message to the host that can be used
// when troubleshooting a problem. All debug messages
// will appear with the -Debug option
string message =
String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
"Acquired process for pid : {0}",
process.Id);
WriteDebug(message);
}
catch (ArgumentException ae)
{
string
message = String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
"The process id {0} could not be found",
processId);
WriteVerbose(message);
WriteError(new ErrorRecord(ae, "ProcessIdNotFound",
ErrorCategory.ObjectNotFound, processId));
continue;
}
SafeStopProcess(process);
} // foreach (int...
} // ProcessById
#endregion Helper Methods
#region Private Data
private bool yesToAll, noToAll;
/// <summary>
/// Partial list of critical processes that should not be
/// stopped. Lower case is used for case insensitive matching.
/// </summary>
private ArrayList criticalProcessNames = new ArrayList(
new string[] { "system", "winlogon", "spoolsv", "calc" }
);
#endregion Private Data
} // StopProcCommand
#endregion StopProcCommand
}
Ayrıca Bkz.
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