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sys.event_log (Azure SQL Database)

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Applies to: Azure SQL Database

Returns successful Azure SQL Database database connections and connection failures. You can use this information to track or troubleshoot your database activity.

Caution

For logical servers with a large number of databases and/or high numbers of logins, querying sys.event_log can cause high resource usage in the master database, possibly resulting in login failures. To reduce the impact of this issue, limit queries of sys.event_log.

The sys.event_log view contains the following columns.

Column Name Data Type Description
database_name sysname Name of the database. If the connection fails and the user did not specify a database name, then this column is blank.
start_time datetime2 UTC date and time of the start of the aggregation interval. For aggregated events, the time is always a multiple of 5 minutes. For example:

'2022-03-30 16:00:00'
'2022-03-30 16:05:00'
'2022-03-30 16:10:00'
end_time datetime2 UTC date and time of the end of the aggregation interval. For aggregated events, End_time is always exactly 5 minutes later than the corresponding start_time in the same row. For events that are not aggregated, start_time and end_time equal the actual UTC date and time of the event.
event_category nvarchar(64) The high-level component that generated this event.

See Event Types for a list of possible values.
event_type nvarchar(64) The type of event.

See Event Types for a list of possible values.
event_subtype int The subtype of the occurring event.

See Event Types for a list of possible values.
event_subtype_desc nvarchar(64) The description of the event subtype.

See Event Types for a list of possible values.
severity int The severity of the error. Possible values are:

0 = Information
1 = Warning
2 = Error
event_count int The number of times that this event occurred for the specified database within the time interval specified (start_time and end_time).
description nvarchar(max) A detailed description of the event.

See Event Types for a list of possible values.
additional_data XML This column is unused and is preserved for backwards compatibility.

Event types

The events recorded by each row in this view are identified by a category (event_category), event type (event_type), and a subtype (event_subtype). The following table lists the types of events that are collected in this view.

For events in the connectivity category, summary information is available in the sys.database_connection_stats view.

Note

This view does not include all possible SQL Database database events that can occur, only those listed here. Additional categories, event types, and subtypes may be added in future releases of SQL Database.

event_category event_type event_subtype event_subtype_desc severity description
connectivity connection_successful 0 connection_successful 0 Connected successfully to database.
connectivity connection_failed 0 invalid_login_name 2 Login name is not valid in this version of SQL Server.
connectivity connection_failed 1 windows_auth_not_supported 2 Windows logins are not supported in this version of SQL Server.
connectivity connection_failed 2 attach_db_not_supported 2 User requested to attach a database file, which is not supported.
connectivity connection_failed 3 change_password_not_supported 2 User requested to change the password of the user logging in which is not supported.
connectivity connection_failed 4 login_failed_for_user 2 Login failed for user.
connectivity connection_failed 5 login_disabled 2 The login was disabled.
connectivity connection_failed 7 blocked_by_firewall 2 Client IP address is not allowed to access the server.

Permissions

Users with permission to access the master database on the logical server in Azure SQL Database have read-only access to this view.

Remarks

Event aggregation

Event information for this view is collected and aggregated within 5-minute intervals. The event_count column represents the number of times a particular event_type and event_subtype occurred for a specific database within a given time interval.

Note

Some events, such as deadlocks, are not aggregated. For these events, event_count will be 1 and start_time and end_time will equal the actual UTC date and time when the event occurred.

For example, if a user fails to connect to database Database1, because of an invalid login name, seven times between 11:00 and 11:05 on 3/30/2022 (UTC), this information is available in a single row in this view:

database_name start_time end_time event_category event_type event_subtype event_subtype_desc severity event_count description additional_data
Database1 2022-03-30 11:00:00 2022-03-30 11:05:00 connectivity connection_failed 4 login_failed_for_user 2 7 Login failed for user. NULL

Interval start_time and end_time

An event is included in an aggregation interval when the event occurs on or after start_time and before end_time for that interval. For example, an event occurring exactly at 2022-03-30 19:25:00.0000000 would be included only in the second interval shown below:

start_time                    end_time  
2022-03-30 19:20:00.0000000   2022-03-30 19:25:00.0000000  
2022-03-30 19:25:00.0000000   2022-03-30 19:30:00.0000000

Data updates

Data in this view is accumulated over time. Typically, the data is accumulated within an hour of the start of the aggregation interval, but it may take up to a maximum of 24 hours for all the data to appear in the view. During that time, the information within a single row may be updated periodically.

Data retention

The data in this view is retained for a maximum of 30 days, or possibly less depending on the number of databases and the number of unique events each database generates. To retain this information for a longer period, copy the data to a separate database. After you make an initial copy of the view, the rows in the view may be updated as data is accumulated. To keep your copy of the data up-to-date, periodically do a table scan of the rows to look for an increase in the event count of existing rows and to identify new rows (you can identify unique rows by using the start and end times), then update your copy of the data with these changes.

Errors not included

This view may not include all connection and error information:

  • This view does not include all SQL Database database errors that could occur, only those specified in Event Types in this article.
  • If there is a machine failure within the SQL Database datacenter, a small amount of data may be missing from the event table.
  • If an IP address has been blocked through DoSGuard, connection attempt events from that IP address cannot be collected and will not appear in this view.

Examples

Connect to the master database on the logical server in Azure SQL Database to run the following Transact-SQL queries.

Query the sys.event_log view

The following query returns all events that occurred between noon on March 25, 2022 and noon on March 30, 2022 (UTC). By default, query results are sorted by start_time (ascending order).

SELECT database_name, start_time, end_time, event_category,
	event_type, event_subtype, event_subtype_desc, severity,
	event_count, description
FROM sys.event_log
WHERE start_time >= '2022-03-25 12:00:00'
    AND end_time <= '2022-03-30 12:00:00';

Query login failures for users

The following query returns connection failures that are failed logins for users that occurred between 10:00 and 11:00 on March 25, 2022 (UTC).

SELECT database_name, start_time, end_time, event_category,
	event_type, event_subtype, event_subtype_desc, severity,
	event_count, description
FROM sys.event_log
WHERE event_type = 'connection_failed'
    AND event_subtype = 4
    AND start_time >= '2022-03-25 10:00:00'
    AND end_time <= '2022-03-25 11:00:00';

Next steps

Learn more about Azure SQL Database in these articles: