SetFilePointer function (fileapi.h)
Moves the file pointer of the specified file.
This function stores the file pointer in two LONG values. To work with file pointers that are larger than a single LONG value, it is easier to use the SetFilePointerEx function.
Syntax
DWORD SetFilePointer(
[in] HANDLE hFile,
[in] LONG lDistanceToMove,
[in, out, optional] PLONG lpDistanceToMoveHigh,
[in] DWORD dwMoveMethod
);
Parameters
[in] hFile
A handle to the file.
The file handle must be created with the GENERIC_READ or GENERIC_WRITE access right. For more information, see File Security and Access Rights.
[in] lDistanceToMove
The low order 32-bits of a signed value that specifies the number of bytes to move the file pointer.
If lpDistanceToMoveHigh is not NULL, lpDistanceToMoveHigh and lDistanceToMove form a single 64-bit signed value that specifies the distance to move.
If lpDistanceToMoveHigh is NULL, lDistanceToMove is a 32-bit signed value. A positive value for lDistanceToMove moves the file pointer forward in the file, and a negative value moves the file pointer back.
[in, out, optional] lpDistanceToMoveHigh
A pointer to the high order 32-bits of the signed 64-bit distance to move.
If you do not need the high order 32-bits, this pointer must be set to NULL.
When not NULL, this parameter also receives the high order DWORD of the new value of the file pointer. For more information, see the Remarks section in this topic.
[in] dwMoveMethod
The starting point for the file pointer move.
This parameter can be one of the following values.
Return value
If the function succeeds and lpDistanceToMoveHigh is NULL, the return value is the low-order DWORD of the new file pointer. Note If the function returns a value other than INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER, the call to SetFilePointer has succeeded. You do not need to call GetLastError.
If function succeeds and lpDistanceToMoveHigh is not NULL, the return value is the low-order DWORD of the new file pointer and lpDistanceToMoveHigh contains the high order DWORD of the new file pointer.
If the function fails, the return value is INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.
If a new file pointer is a negative value, the function fails, the file pointer is not moved, and the code returned by GetLastError is ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK.
If lpDistanceToMoveHigh is NULL and the new file position does not fit in a 32-bit value, the function fails and returns INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER.
Remarks
The file pointer that is identified by the value of the hFile parameter is not used for overlapped read and write operations.
The hFile parameter must refer to a file stored on a seeking device; for example, a disk volume. Calling the SetFilePointer function with a handle to a non-seeking device such as a pipe or a communications device is not supported, even though the SetFilePointer function may not return an error. The behavior of the SetFilePointer function in this case is undefined.
To specify the offset for overlapped operations
- Use the Offset and OffsetHigh members of the OVERLAPPED structure.
To determine the file type for hFile
- Use the GetFileType function.
Be careful when you set a file pointer in a multithreaded application. You must synchronize access to shared resources. For example, an application with threads that share a file handle, update the file pointer, and read from the file must protect this sequence by using a critical section object or mutex object. For more information, see Critical Section Objects and Mutex Objects.
If the hFile handle is opened with the FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING flag set, an application can move the file pointer only to sector-aligned positions. A sector-aligned position is a position that is a whole number multiple of the volume sector size. An application can obtain a volume sector size by calling the GetDiskFreeSpace function.
If an application calls SetFilePointer with distance to move values that result in a position not sector-aligned and a handle that is opened with FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING, the function fails, and GetLastError returns ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER.
It is not an error to set a file pointer to a position beyond the end of the file. The size of the file does not increase until you call the SetEndOfFile, WriteFile, or WriteFileEx function. A write operation increases the size of the file to the file pointer position plus the size of the buffer written, which results in the intervening bytes being zero initialized.
If the return value is INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER and if lpDistanceToMoveHigh is non-NULL, an application must call GetLastError to determine whether or not the function has succeeded or failed. The following code example shows you that scenario.
// Case One: calling the function with lpDistanceToMoveHigh == NULL
// Try to move hFile file pointer some distance
DWORD dwPtr = SetFilePointer( hFile,
lDistance,
NULL,
FILE_BEGIN );
if (dwPtr == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER) // Test for failure
{
// Obtain the error code.
DWORD dwError = GetLastError() ;
// Deal with failure
// . . .
} // End of error handler
//
// Case Two: calling the function with lpDistanceToMoveHigh != NULL
// Try to move hFile file pointer a huge distance
DWORD dwPtrLow = SetFilePointer( hFile,
lDistLow,
&lDistHigh,
FILE_BEGIN );
// Test for failure
if ( dwPtrLow == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER &&
GetLastError() != NO_ERROR )
{
// Deal with failure
// . . .
} // End of error handler
Although the parameter lpDistanceToMoveHigh is used to manipulate huge files, the value of the parameter should be set when moving files of any size. If it is set to NULL, then lDistanceToMove has a maximum value of 2^31–2, or 2 gigabytes less 2, because all file pointer values are signed values. Therefore, if there is even a small chance for the file to increase to that size, it is best to treat the file as a huge file and work with 64-bit file pointers. With file compression on the NTFS file system, and sparse files, it is possible to have files that are large even if the underlying volume is not very large.
If lpDistanceToMoveHigh is not NULL, then lpDistanceToMoveHigh and lDistanceToMove form a single 64-bit signed value. The lDistanceToMove parameter is treated as the low-order 32 bits of the value, and lpDistanceToMoveHigh as the high-order 32 bits, which means that lpDistanceToMoveHigh is a sign extension of lDistanceToMove.
To move the file pointer from zero to 2 gigabytes, lpDistanceToMoveHigh must be set to either NULL or a sign extension of lDistanceToMove. To move the pointer more than 2 gigabytes, use lpDistanceToMoveHigh and lDistanceToMove as a single 64-bit quantity. For example, to move in the range from 2 gigabytes to 4 gigabytes set the contents of lpDistanceToMoveHigh to zero, or to –1 for a negative sign extension of lDistanceToMove.
To work with 64-bit file pointers, you can declare a LONG, treat it as the upper half of the 64-bit file pointer, and pass its address in lpDistanceToMoveHigh. This means that you have to treat two different variables as a logical unit, which can cause an error. It is best to use the LARGE_INTEGER structure to create a 64-bit value and pass the two 32-bit values by using the appropriate elements of the union.
Also, it is best to use a function to hide the interface to SetFilePointer. The following code example shows you that scenario.
__int64 myFileSeek (HANDLE hf, __int64 distance, DWORD MoveMethod)
{
LARGE_INTEGER li;
li.QuadPart = distance;
li.LowPart = SetFilePointer (hf,
li.LowPart,
&li.HighPart,
MoveMethod);
if (li.LowPart == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER && GetLastError()
!= NO_ERROR)
{
li.QuadPart = -1;
}
return li.QuadPart;
}
You can use SetFilePointer to determine the length of a file. To do this, use FILE_END for dwMoveMethod and seek to location zero. The file offset returned is the length of the file. However, this practice can have unintended side effects, for example, failure to save the current file pointer so that the program can return to that location. It is best to use GetFileSize instead.
You can also use the SetFilePointer function to query the current file pointer position. To do this, specify a move method of FILE_CURRENT and a distance of zero.
In Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, this function is supported by the following technologies.
| Technology | Supported |
|---|---|
| Server Message Block (SMB) 3.0 protocol | Yes |
| SMB 3.0 Transparent Failover (TFO) | Yes |
| SMB 3.0 with Scale-out File Shares (SO) | Yes |
| Cluster Shared Volume File System (CsvFS) | Yes |
| Resilient File System (ReFS) | Yes |
Examples
For a code example of appending files, see Appending One File to Another File.
Requirements
| Requirement | Value |
|---|---|
| Minimum supported client | Windows XP [desktop apps | UWP apps] |
| Minimum supported server | Windows Server 2003 [desktop apps | UWP apps] |
| Target Platform | Windows |
| Header | fileapi.h (include Windows.h) |
| Library | Kernel32.lib |
| DLL | Kernel32.dll |