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How To Control Inbound Traffic to an App Service Environment

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Important

This article is about App Service Environment v1. App Service Environment v1 and v2 are retired as of 31 August 2024. There's a new version of App Service Environment that is easier to use and runs on more powerful infrastructure. To learn more about the new version, start with the Introduction to the App Service Environment. If you're currently using App Service Environment v1, please follow the steps in this article to migrate to the new version.

As of 31 August 2024, Service Level Agreement (SLA) and Service Credits no longer apply for App Service Environment v1 and v2 workloads that continue to be in production since they are retired products. Decommissioning of the App Service Environment v1 and v2 hardware has begun, and this may affect the availability and performance of your apps and data.

You must complete migration to App Service Environment v3 immediately or your apps and resources may be deleted. We will attempt to auto-migrate any remaining App Service Environment v1 and v2 on a best-effort basis using the in-place migration feature, but Microsoft makes no claim or guarantees about application availability after auto-migration. You may need to perform manual configuration to complete the migration and to optimize your App Service plan SKU choice to meet your needs. If auto-migration isn't feasible, your resources and associated app data will be deleted. We strongly urge you to act now to avoid either of these extreme scenarios.

If you need additional time, we can offer a one-time 30-day grace period for you to complete your migration. For more information and to request this grace period, review the grace period overview, and then go to Azure portal and visit the Migration blade for each of your App Service Environments.

For the most up-to-date information on the App Service Environment v1/v2 retirement, see the App Service Environment v1 and v2 retirement update.

Overview

An App Service Environment can be created in either an Azure Resource Manager virtual network, or a classic deployment model virtual network. A new virtual network and new subnet can be defined at the time an App Service Environment is created. Instead, an App Service Environment can be created in a preexisting virtual network and preexisting subnet. As of June 2016, ASEs can also be deployed into virtual networks that use either public address ranges or RFC1918 address spaces (private addresses). For more information, see How to Create an ASEv1 from template.

Always create an App Service Environment within a subnet. A subnet provides a network boundary that can be used to lock down inbound traffic behind upstream devices and services. This setup allows only specific upstream IP addresses to accept HTTP and HTTPS traffic.

Inbound and outbound network traffic on a subnet is controlled using a network security group. To control inbound traffic, create network security rules in a network security group. Then assign the network security group the subnet containing the App Service Environment.

Once you assign a network security group to a subnet, inbound traffic to apps in the App Service Environment is allowed or blocked based on the allow and deny rules that are defined in the network security group.

Note

Although this article refers to web apps, it also applies to API apps and mobile apps.

Inbound Network Ports Used in an App Service Environment

Before you lock down inbound network traffic with a network security group, know the set of required and optional network ports used by an App Service Environment. Accidentally closing off traffic to some ports can result in loss of functionality in an App Service Environment.

The following list contains the ports used by an App Service Environment. All ports are TCP, unless otherwise clearly noted:

  • 454: Required port used by Azure infrastructure for managing and maintaining App Service Environments via TLS. Don't block traffic to this port. This port is always bound to the public VIP of an ASE.
  • 455: Required port used by Azure infrastructure for managing and maintaining App Service Environments via TLS. Don't block traffic to this port. This port is always bound to the public VIP of an ASE.
  • 80: Default port for inbound HTTP traffic to apps running in App Service Plans in an App Service Environment. On an ILB-enabled ASE, this port is bound to the ILB address of the ASE.
  • 443: Default port for inbound TLS traffic to apps that run in App Service Plans in an App Service Environment. On an ILB-enabled ASE, this port is bound to the ILB address of the ASE.
  • 21: Control channel for FTP. This port can be safely blocked if FTP isn't being used. On an ILB-enabled ASE, this port can be bound to the ILB address for an ASE.
  • 990: Control channel for FTPS. This port can be safely blocked if FTPS isn't being used. On an ILB-enabled ASE, this port can be bound to the ILB address for an ASE.
  • 10001-10020: Data channels for FTP. As with the control channel, these ports can be safely blocked if FTP isn't being used. On an ILB-enabled ASE, this port can be bound to the ASE's ILB address.
  • 4016: Used for remote debugging with Visual Studio 2012. This port can be safely blocked if the feature isn't being used. On an ILB-enabled ASE, this port is bound to the ILB address of the ASE.
  • 4018: Used for remote debugging with Visual Studio 2013. This port can be safely blocked if the feature isn't being used. On an ILB-enabled ASE, this port is bound to the ILB address of the ASE.
  • 4020: Used for remote debugging with Visual Studio 2015. This port can be safely blocked if the feature isn't being used. On an ILB-enabled ASE, this port is bound to the ILB address of the ASE.
  • 4022: Used for remote debugging with Visual Studio 2017. This port can be safely blocked if the feature isn't being used. On an ILB-enabled ASE, this port is bound to the ILB address of the ASE.
  • 4024 Used for remote debugging with Visual Studio 2019. This port can be safely blocked if the feature isn't being used. On an ILB-enabled ASE, this port is bound to the ILB address of the ASE.
  • 4026: Used for remote debugging with Visual Studio 2022. This port can be safely blocked if the feature isn't being used. On an ILB-enabled ASE, this port is bound to the ILB address of the ASE.

Outbound Connectivity and DNS Requirements

For an App Service Environment to function properly, it also requires outbound access to various endpoints. A full list of the external endpoints used by an ASE is in the "Required Network Connectivity" section of the Network Configuration for ExpressRoute article.

App Service Environments require a valid DNS infrastructure configured for the virtual network. If the DNS configuration is changed after the creation of an App Service Environment, developers can force an App Service Environment to pick up the new DNS configuration. If you trigger a rolling environment reboot using the Restart icon, the environment picks up the new DNS configuration. (The Restart icon is located at the top of the App Service Environment management page, in the Azure portal.)

It's also recommended that any custom DNS servers on the virtual network be set up ahead of time before creating an App Service Environment. If a virtual network's DNS configuration is changed during the creation of an App Service Environment, the App Service Environment creation process fails. Similarly, if there's a custom DNS server that's unreachable or unavailable on the other end of a VPN gateway, the App Service Environment creation process will also fail.

Creating a Network Security Group

For full details on how network security groups work see the following information. The Azure Service Management example below touches on highlights of network security groups. The example configures and applies a network security group to a subnet that contains an App Service Environment.

Note: Network security groups can be configured graphically using the Azure portal or through Azure PowerShell.

Network security groups are first created as a standalone entity associated with a subscription. Since network security groups are created in an Azure region, create the network security group in the same region as the App Service Environment.

The following command demonstrates creating a network security group:

New-AzureNetworkSecurityGroup -Name "testNSGexample" -Location "South Central US" -Label "Example network security group for an app service environment"

Once a network security group is created, one or more network security rules are added to it. Since the set of rules might change over time, you should space out the numbering scheme used for rule priorities. This practice makes it easy to insert other rules over time.

In the following example, a rule explicitly grants access to the management ports needed by the Azure infrastructure to manage and maintain an App Service Environment. All management traffic flows over TLS and is secured by client certificates. Even though the ports are opened, they're inaccessible by any entity other than Azure management infrastructure.

Get-AzureNetworkSecurityGroup -Name "testNSGexample" | Set-AzureNetworkSecurityRule -Name "ALLOW AzureMngmt" -Type Inbound -Priority 100 -Action Allow -SourceAddressPrefix 'INTERNET'  -SourcePortRange '*' -DestinationAddressPrefix '*' -DestinationPortRange '454-455' -Protocol TCP

When you lock down access to port 80 and 443 to "hide" an App Service Environment behind upstream devices or services, remember the upstream IP address. For example, if you're using a web application firewall (WAF), the WAF has its own IP address or addresses. The WAF uses them when proxying traffic to a downstream App Service Environment. You need to use this IP address in the SourceAddressPrefix parameter of a network security rule.

In the following example, inbound traffic from a specific upstream IP address is explicitly allowed. The address 1.2.3.4 is used as a placeholder for the IP address of an upstream WAF. Change the value to match the address used by your upstream device or service.

Get-AzureNetworkSecurityGroup -Name "testNSGexample" | Set-AzureNetworkSecurityRule -Name "RESTRICT HTTP" -Type Inbound -Priority 200 -Action Allow -SourceAddressPrefix '1.2.3.4/32'  -SourcePortRange '*' -DestinationAddressPrefix '*' -DestinationPortRange '80' -Protocol TCP
Get-AzureNetworkSecurityGroup -Name "testNSGexample" | Set-AzureNetworkSecurityRule -Name "RESTRICT HTTPS" -Type Inbound -Priority 300 -Action Allow -SourceAddressPrefix '1.2.3.4/32'  -SourcePortRange '*' -DestinationAddressPrefix '*' -DestinationPortRange '443' -Protocol TCP

If FTP support is wanted, use the following rules as a template to grant access to the FTP control port and data channel ports. Since FTP is a stateful protocol, you might be unable to route FTP traffic through a traditional HTTP/HTTPS firewall or proxy device. In this case, you need to set the SourceAddressPrefix to a different value, such as the IP address range of developer or deployment machines on which FTP clients are running.

Get-AzureNetworkSecurityGroup -Name "testNSGexample" | Set-AzureNetworkSecurityRule -Name "RESTRICT FTPCtrl" -Type Inbound -Priority 400 -Action Allow -SourceAddressPrefix '1.2.3.4/32'  -SourcePortRange '*' -DestinationAddressPrefix '*' -DestinationPortRange '21' -Protocol TCP
Get-AzureNetworkSecurityGroup -Name "testNSGexample" | Set-AzureNetworkSecurityRule -Name "RESTRICT FTPDataRange" -Type Inbound -Priority 500 -Action Allow -SourceAddressPrefix '1.2.3.4/32'  -SourcePortRange '*' -DestinationAddressPrefix '*' -DestinationPortRange '10001-10020' -Protocol TCP

(Note: the data channel port range might change during the preview period.)

If remote debugging with Visual Studio is used, the following rules demonstrate how to grant access. There's a separate rule for each supported version of Visual Studio since each version uses a different port for remote debugging. As with FTP access, remote debugging traffic might not flow properly through a traditional WAF or proxy device. The SourceAddressPrefix can instead be set to the IP address range of developer machines running Visual Studio.

Get-AzureNetworkSecurityGroup -Name "testNSGexample" | Set-AzureNetworkSecurityRule -Name "RESTRICT RemoteDebuggingVS2012" -Type Inbound -Priority 600 -Action Allow -SourceAddressPrefix '1.2.3.4/32'  -SourcePortRange '*' -DestinationAddressPrefix '*' -DestinationPortRange '4016' -Protocol TCP
Get-AzureNetworkSecurityGroup -Name "testNSGexample" | Set-AzureNetworkSecurityRule -Name "RESTRICT RemoteDebuggingVS2013" -Type Inbound -Priority 700 -Action Allow -SourceAddressPrefix '1.2.3.4/32'  -SourcePortRange '*' -DestinationAddressPrefix '*' -DestinationPortRange '4018' -Protocol TCP
Get-AzureNetworkSecurityGroup -Name "testNSGexample" | Set-AzureNetworkSecurityRule -Name "RESTRICT RemoteDebuggingVS2015" -Type Inbound -Priority 800 -Action Allow -SourceAddressPrefix '1.2.3.4/32'  -SourcePortRange '*' -DestinationAddressPrefix '*' -DestinationPortRange '4020' -Protocol TCP

Assigning a Network Security Group to a Subnet

A network security group has a default security rule that denies access to all external traffic. When you combine this rule with the network security rules above, only traffic from source address ranges that are associated with an Allow action will be able to send traffic to apps that run in an App Service Environment.

After a network security group is populated with security rules, assign it to the subnet containing the App Service Environment. The assignment command references two names: the name of the virtual network where the App Service Environment is, and the name of the subnet where the App Service Environment was created.

The example below shows a network security group being assigned to a subnet and virtual network:

Get-AzureNetworkSecurityGroup -Name "testNSGexample" | Set-AzureNetworkSecurityGroupToSubnet -VirtualNetworkName 'testVNet' -SubnetName 'Subnet-test'

The assignment is a long-running operation, and it can take a few minutes to complete. Once the network security group assignment succeeds, only inbound traffic that matches Allow rules will successfully reach apps in the App Service Environment.

For completeness, the following example shows how to remove and disassociate the network security group from the subnet:

Get-AzureNetworkSecurityGroup -Name "testNSGexample" | Remove-AzureNetworkSecurityGroupFromSubnet -VirtualNetworkName 'testVNet' -SubnetName 'Subnet-test'

Special Considerations for Explicit IP-SSL

If an app is configured with an explicit IP-SSL address (applicable only to ASEs that have a public VIP), instead of using the default IP address of the App Service Environment, both HTTP, and HTTPS traffic flows into the subnet over ports other than ports 80 and 443.

To find the individual pair of ports that is used by each IP-SSL address, go to the portal and view the App Service Environment's details UX blade. Select All settings > IP addresses. The IP addresses blade shows a table of all explicitly configured IP-SSL addresses for the App Service Environment. The blade also shows the special port pair that's used to route HTTP and HTTPS traffic associated with each IP-SSL address. Use this port pair for the DestinationPortRange parameters when configuring rules in a network security group.

When an app on an ASE is configured to use IP-SSL, external customers won't see or need to worry about the special port pair mapping. Traffic to the apps will flow normally to the configured IP-SSL address. The translation to the special port pair automatically happens internally, during the routing traffic's final leg into the subnet that contains the ASE.

Getting started

To get started with App Service Environments, see Introduction to App Service Environment.

For more information, see Securely connecting to Backend resources from an App Service Environment.

Note

If you want to get started with Azure App Service before signing up for an Azure account, go to Try App Service, where you can immediately create a short-lived starter web app in App Service. No credit cards required; no commitments.