toupper, _toupper, towupper, _toupper_l, _towupper_l

Convert character to uppercase.

Syntax

int toupper(
   int c
);
int _toupper(
   int c
);
int towupper(
   wint_t c
);
int _toupper_l(
   int c ,
   _locale_t locale
);
int _towupper_l(
   wint_t c ,
   _locale_t locale
);

Parameters

c
Character to convert.

locale
Locale to use.

Return value

Each of these routines converts a copy of c, if possible, and returns the result.

If c is a wide character for which iswlower is nonzero and there's a corresponding wide character for which iswupper is nonzero, towupper returns the corresponding wide character; otherwise, towupper returns c unchanged.

There's no return value reserved to indicate an error.

Remarks

Each of these routines converts a given lowercase letter to an uppercase letter if possible and appropriate. The case conversion of towupper is locale-specific. Only the characters relevant to the current locale are changed in case. The functions without the _l suffix use the currently set locale. The versions of these functions with the _l suffix take the locale as a parameter and use that instead of the currently set locale. For more information, see Locale.

For toupper to give the expected results, __isascii must return nonzero.

By default, this function's global state is scoped to the application. To change this behavior, see Global state in the CRT.

Generic-text routine mappings

TCHAR.H routine	_UNICODE and _MBCS not defined	_MBCS defined	_UNICODE defined
_totupper	toupper	_mbctoupper	towupper
_totupper_l	_toupper_l	_mbctoupper_l	_towupper_l

Note

_toupper_l and _towupper_l have no locale dependence and are not meant to be called directly. They are provided for internal use by _totupper_l.

Requirements

Routine	Required header
toupper	<ctype.h>
_toupper	<ctype.h>
towupper	<ctype.h> or <wchar.h>

For more compatibility information, see Compatibility.

Example

See the example in to functions.

See also

is, isw routines
to functions
Locale
Interpretation of multibyte-character sequences