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Enumerable.Distinct Method

Definition

Returns distinct elements from a sequence.

Overloads

Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)

Returns distinct elements from a sequence by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.

Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Returns distinct elements from a sequence by using the default equality comparer to compare values.

Remarks

The result sequence is unordered.

Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)

Source:
Distinct.cs
Source:
Distinct.cs
Source:
Distinct.cs

Returns distinct elements from a sequence by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.

public static System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> Distinct<TSource> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> source, System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<TSource> comparer);
public static System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> Distinct<TSource> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> source, System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<TSource>? comparer);

Type Parameters

TSource

The type of the elements of source.

Parameters

source
IEnumerable<TSource>

The sequence to remove duplicate elements from.

comparer
IEqualityComparer<TSource>

An IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.

Returns

IEnumerable<TSource>

An IEnumerable<T> that contains distinct elements from the source sequence.

Exceptions

source is null.

Examples

The following example shows how to implement an equality comparer that can be used in the Distinct method.

public class Product
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Code { get; set; }
}

// Custom comparer for the Product class
class ProductComparer : IEqualityComparer<Product>
{
    // Products are equal if their names and product numbers are equal.
    public bool Equals(Product x, Product y)
    {

        //Check whether the compared objects reference the same data.
        if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, y)) return true;

        //Check whether any of the compared objects is null.
        if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, null) || Object.ReferenceEquals(y, null))
            return false;

        //Check whether the products' properties are equal.
        return x.Code == y.Code && x.Name == y.Name;
    }

    // If Equals() returns true for a pair of objects
    // then GetHashCode() must return the same value for these objects.

    public int GetHashCode(Product product)
    {
        //Check whether the object is null
        if (Object.ReferenceEquals(product, null)) return 0;

        //Get hash code for the Name field if it is not null.
        int hashProductName = product.Name == null ? 0 : product.Name.GetHashCode();

        //Get hash code for the Code field.
        int hashProductCode = product.Code.GetHashCode();

        //Calculate the hash code for the product.
        return hashProductName ^ hashProductCode;
    }
}

After you implement this comparer, you can use a sequence of Product objects in the Distinct method, as shown in the following example:

Product[] products = { new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 9 },
                       new Product { Name = "orange", Code = 4 },
                       new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 9 },
                       new Product { Name = "lemon", Code = 12 } };

// Exclude duplicates.

IEnumerable<Product> noduplicates =
    products.Distinct(new ProductComparer());

foreach (var product in noduplicates)
    Console.WriteLine(product.Name + " " + product.Code);

/*
    This code produces the following output:
    apple 9
    orange 4
    lemon 12
*/

Remarks

This method is implemented by using deferred execution. The immediate return value is an object that stores all the information that is required to perform the action. The query represented by this method is not executed until the object is enumerated either by calling its GetEnumerator method directly or by using foreach in C# or For Each in Visual Basic.

The Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>) method returns an unordered sequence that contains no duplicate values. If comparer is null, the default equality comparer, Default, is used to compare values.

Applies to

.NET 9 та інші версії
Продукт Версії
.NET Core 1.0, Core 1.1, Core 2.0, Core 2.1, Core 2.2, Core 3.0, Core 3.1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
.NET Framework 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.6, 4.6.1, 4.6.2, 4.7, 4.7.1, 4.7.2, 4.8, 4.8.1
.NET Standard 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 2.0, 2.1
UWP 10.0

Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)

Source:
Distinct.cs
Source:
Distinct.cs
Source:
Distinct.cs

Returns distinct elements from a sequence by using the default equality comparer to compare values.

public static System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> Distinct<TSource> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> source);

Type Parameters

TSource

The type of the elements of source.

Parameters

source
IEnumerable<TSource>

The sequence to remove duplicate elements from.

Returns

IEnumerable<TSource>

An IEnumerable<T> that contains distinct elements from the source sequence.

Exceptions

source is null.

Examples

The following code example demonstrates how to use Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>) to return distinct elements from a sequence of integers.

List<int> ages = new List<int> { 21, 46, 46, 55, 17, 21, 55, 55 };

IEnumerable<int> distinctAges = ages.Distinct();

Console.WriteLine("Distinct ages:");

foreach (int age in distinctAges)
{
    Console.WriteLine(age);
}

/*
 This code produces the following output:

 Distinct ages:
 21
 46
 55
 17
*/

If you want to return distinct elements from sequences of objects of some custom data type, you have to implement the IEquatable<T> generic interface in the class. The following code example shows how to implement this interface in a custom data type and provide GetHashCode and Equals methods.

public class MyProduct : IEquatable<MyProduct>
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Code { get; set; }

    public bool Equals(MyProduct other)
    {
        //Check whether the compared object is null.
        if (Object.ReferenceEquals(other, null)) return false;

        //Check whether the compared object references the same data.
        if (Object.ReferenceEquals(this, other)) return true;

        //Check whether the products' properties are equal.
        return Code.Equals(other.Code) && Name.Equals(other.Name);
    }

    // If Equals() returns true for a pair of objects
    // then GetHashCode() must return the same value for these objects.

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {

        //Get hash code for the Name field if it is not null.
        int hashProductName = Name == null ? 0 : Name.GetHashCode();

        //Get hash code for the Code field.
        int hashProductCode = Code.GetHashCode();

        //Calculate the hash code for the product.
        return hashProductName ^ hashProductCode;
    }
}

After you implement this interface, you can use a sequence of Product objects in the Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>) method, as shown in the following example:

MyProduct[] products = { new MyProduct { Name = "apple", Code = 9 },
                       new MyProduct { Name = "orange", Code = 4 },
                       new MyProduct { Name = "apple", Code = 9 },
                       new MyProduct { Name = "lemon", Code = 12 } };

// Exclude duplicates.

IEnumerable<MyProduct> noduplicates =
    products.Distinct();

foreach (var product in noduplicates)
    Console.WriteLine(product.Name + " " + product.Code);

/*
    This code produces the following output:
    apple 9
    orange 4
    lemon 12
*/

Remarks

This method is implemented by using deferred execution. The immediate return value is an object that stores all the information that is required to perform the action. The query represented by this method is not executed until the object is enumerated either by calling its GetEnumerator method directly or by using foreach in C# or For Each in Visual Basic.

The Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>) method returns an unordered sequence that contains no duplicate values. It uses the default equality comparer, Default, to compare values.

In Visual Basic query expression syntax, a Distinct clause translates to an invocation of Distinct.

The default equality comparer, Default, is used to compare values of the types that implement the IEquatable<T> generic interface. To compare a custom data type, you need to implement this interface and provide your own GetHashCode and Equals methods for the type.

For an example that uses IEqualityComparer<T> to define a custom comparer, see Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>).

See also

Applies to

.NET 9 та інші версії
Продукт Версії
.NET Core 1.0, Core 1.1, Core 2.0, Core 2.1, Core 2.2, Core 3.0, Core 3.1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
.NET Framework 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.6, 4.6.1, 4.6.2, 4.7, 4.7.1, 4.7.2, 4.8, 4.8.1
.NET Standard 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 2.0, 2.1
UWP 10.0