OPM 示例代码

项目
06/12/2023

本主题包含使用 Output Protection Manager 的示例代码。

本主题中的示例代码演示如何执行 OPM 握手、发送状态请求和发送 OPM 命令。对于加密操作，代码使用加密 API：下一代 (CNG) 。本主题的重点是展示 OPM 功能，因此不会显示与 X.509 证书相关的任务，例如分析和验证证书。

使用输出保护管理器更详细地介绍了本主题中显示的过程。

执行 OPM 握手
发送 OPM 状态请求
发送 OPM 命令
计算 OMAC-1 值
相关主题

执行 OPM 握手

枚举 OPM 设备并选择 (未显示) 的视频输出后，第一步是调用 IOPMVideoOutput：：StartInitialization 以获取设备的 X.509 证书链：

    OPM_RANDOM_NUMBER random;   // Random number from driver.
    ZeroMemory(&random, sizeof(random));

    BYTE *pbCertificate = NULL; // Pointer to a buffer to hold the certificate.
    ULONG cbCertificate = 0;    // Size of the certificate in bytes.

    PUBLIC_KEY_VALUES *pKey = NULL; // The driver's public key.

    // Get the driver's certificate chain + random number
    hr = pVideoOutput->StartInitialization(
        &random, 
        &pbCertificate, 
        &cbCertificate
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Validate the X.509 certificate. (Not shown.)
    hr = ValidateX509Certificate(pbCertificate, cbCertificate);

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Get the public key from the certificate. (Not shown.)
    hr = GetPublicKeyFromCertificate(
        pbCertificate,
        cbCertificate,
        &pKey
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Load and initialize a CNG provider (Cryptography API: Next Generation)

    BCRYPT_ALG_HANDLE hAlg = 0;

    hr = BCryptOpenAlgorithmProvider(
        &hAlg, 
        BCRYPT_RSA_ALGORITHM, 
        MS_PRIMITIVE_PROVIDER, 
        0
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Import the public key into the CNG provider.

    BCRYPT_KEY_HANDLE hPublicKey = 0;

    // Import the RSA public key.
    hr = ImportRsaPublicKey(hAlg, pKey, &hPublicKey);

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

应用程序必须验证证书链，并从链中的叶证书获取公钥。此处未显示这些步骤。

获得公钥后，可以将密钥导入 CNG 算法提供程序。调用 BCryptOpenAlgorithmProvider 函数以加载提供程序。应用程序定义的 ImportRsaPublicKey 函数导入密钥，并返回导入的密钥的句柄：

void ReverseMemCopy(BYTE *pbDest, BYTE const *pbSource, DWORD cb)
{
    for (DWORD i = 0; i < cb; i++) 
    {
        pbDest[cb - 1 - i] = pbSource[i];
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// ImportRsaPublicKey
//
// Converts an RSA public key from an RSAPUBKEY blob into an 
// BCRYPT_RSAKEY_BLOB and sets the public key on the CNG provider.
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT ImportRsaPublicKey(
    BCRYPT_ALG_HANDLE hAlg,     // CNG provider
    PUBLIC_KEY_VALUES *pKey,    // Pointer to the RSAPUBKEY blob.
    BCRYPT_KEY_HANDLE *phKey    // Receives a handle the imported public key.
    )
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    BYTE *pbPublicKey = NULL;
    DWORD cbKey = 0;

    // Layout of the RSA public key blob:

    //  +----------------------------------------------------------------+
    //  |     BCRYPT_RSAKEY_BLOB    | BE( dwExp ) |   BE( Modulus )      |
    //  +----------------------------------------------------------------+
    //
    //  sizeof(BCRYPT_RSAKEY_BLOB)       cbExp           cbModulus 
    //  <--------------------------><------------><---------------------->
    //
    //   BE = Big Endian Format                                                     

    DWORD cbModulus = (pKey->rsapubkey.bitlen + 7) / 8;
    DWORD dwExp = pKey->rsapubkey.pubexp;
    DWORD cbExp = (dwExp & 0xFF000000) ? 4 :
                  (dwExp & 0x00FF0000) ? 3 :
                  (dwExp & 0x0000FF00) ? 2 : 1;

    BCRYPT_RSAKEY_BLOB *pRsaBlob;
    PBYTE pbCurrent;

    hr = DWordAdd(cbModulus, sizeof(BCRYPT_RSAKEY_BLOB), &cbKey);

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    cbKey += cbExp;

    pbPublicKey = (BYTE*)CoTaskMemAlloc(cbKey);
    if (NULL == pbPublicKey) 
    {
        hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
        goto done;
    }    

    ZeroMemory(pbPublicKey, cbKey);
    pRsaBlob = (BCRYPT_RSAKEY_BLOB *)(pbPublicKey);

    // Make the Public Key Blob Header
    pRsaBlob->Magic = BCRYPT_RSAPUBLIC_MAGIC;
    pRsaBlob->BitLength = pKey->rsapubkey.bitlen;
    pRsaBlob->cbPublicExp = cbExp;
    pRsaBlob->cbModulus = cbModulus;
    pRsaBlob->cbPrime1 = 0;
    pRsaBlob->cbPrime2 = 0;

    pbCurrent = (PBYTE)(pRsaBlob + 1);

    // Copy pubExp Big Endian 
    ReverseMemCopy(pbCurrent, (PBYTE)&dwExp, cbExp);
    pbCurrent += cbExp;

    // Copy Modulus Big Endian 
    ReverseMemCopy(pbCurrent, pKey->modulus, cbModulus);

    // Set the key.
    hr = BCryptImportKeyPair(
        hAlg, 
        NULL, 
        BCRYPT_RSAPUBLIC_BLOB, 
        phKey,
        (PUCHAR)pbPublicKey,
        cbKey,
        0
        );

done:
    CoTaskMemFree(pbPublicKey);
    return hr;
}

接下来，准备包含起始序列号和 AES 会话密钥的缓冲区。

void CopyAndAdvancePtr(BYTE*& pDest, const BYTE* pSrc, DWORD cb)
{
    memcpy(pDest, pSrc, cb);
    pDest += cb;
}

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Prepare the signature for key exchnage.
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------

    UINT uStatusSeq = 0;     // Status sequence number.
    UINT uCommandSeq = 0;    // Command sequence number.

    OPM_RANDOM_NUMBER AesKey;   // Session key

    // Generate the starting sequence number for queries.
    hr = BCryptGenRandom(
        NULL, 
        (BYTE*)&uStatusSeq, 
        sizeof(UINT), 
        BCRYPT_USE_SYSTEM_PREFERRED_RNG
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }


    // Generate the starting sequence number for commands.
    hr = BCryptGenRandom(
        NULL, 
        (BYTE*)&uCommandSeq, 
        sizeof(UINT), 
        BCRYPT_USE_SYSTEM_PREFERRED_RNG
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Generate the AES session key.
    hr = BCryptGenRandom(
        NULL, 
        (BYTE*)&AesKey, 
        sizeof(AesKey), 
        BCRYPT_USE_SYSTEM_PREFERRED_RNG
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    // Fill in the initialization structure.
    OPM_ENCRYPTED_INITIALIZATION_PARAMETERS initParams;
    ZeroMemory(&initParams, sizeof(initParams));

    // Use a temporary pointer for copying into the array.
    BYTE *pBuffer = &initParams.abEncryptedInitializationParameters[0];

    CopyAndAdvancePtr(pBuffer, random.abRandomNumber, sizeof(random)); // Random number from the friver.
    CopyAndAdvancePtr(pBuffer, AesKey.abRandomNumber, sizeof(AesKey)); // Session key.
    CopyAndAdvancePtr(pBuffer, (BYTE*)&uStatusSeq, sizeof(uStatusSeq));
    CopyAndAdvancePtr(pBuffer, (BYTE*)&uCommandSeq, sizeof(uCommandSeq));

使用驱动程序的公钥通过 RSAES-OAEP 加密来加密此缓冲区。

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    // RSAES-OAEP encrypt the signature. Use SHA2 hashing algorithm.
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------

    PBYTE pbDataIn = &initParams.abEncryptedInitializationParameters[0];
    ULONG cbDataIn = (ULONG)(pBuffer - pbDataIn);  

    DWORD cbOutput = 0;
    DWORD cbDataOut= 0;

    BYTE *pbDataOut = NULL;

    BCRYPT_OAEP_PADDING_INFO paddingInfo;
    ZeroMemory(&paddingInfo, sizeof(paddingInfo));

    paddingInfo.pszAlgId = BCRYPT_SHA512_ALGORITHM;

    //Encrypt the signature.
    hr = BCryptEncrypt(
        hPublicKey,
        (PUCHAR)pbDataIn,
        cbDataIn,
        &paddingInfo,
        NULL,
        0,
        NULL,
        0,
        &cbOutput,
        BCRYPT_PAD_OAEP
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }


    pbDataOut = new (std::nothrow) BYTE[cbOutput];
    if (NULL == pbDataOut) 
    {
        hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
        goto done;
    }

    hr = BCryptEncrypt(
        hPublicKey,
        (PUCHAR)pbDataIn,
        cbDataIn,
        &paddingInfo,
        NULL,
        0,
        pbDataOut,
        cbOutput,
        &cbDataOut,
        BCRYPT_PAD_OAEP
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

调用 IOPMVideoOutput：：FinishInitialization 以完成握手。

    // Complete the handshake.
    hr = pVideoOutput->FinishInitialization(
        (OPM_ENCRYPTED_INITIALIZATION_PARAMETERS *)pbDataOut
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

发送 OPM 状态请求

下一个示例演示如何发送 OPM_GET_CONNECTOR_TYPE 状态请求。

使用状态请求的信息填写 OPM_GET_INFO_PARAMETERS 结构。

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Prepare the status request structure.
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------

    OPM_GET_INFO_PARAMETERS     StatusInput;
    OPM_REQUESTED_INFORMATION   StatusOutput;

    ZeroMemory(&StatusInput, sizeof(StatusInput));
    ZeroMemory(&StatusOutput, sizeof(StatusOutput));

    hr = BCryptGenRandom(
        NULL, 
        (BYTE*)&(StatusInput.rnRandomNumber), 
        OPM_128_BIT_RANDOM_NUMBER_SIZE, 
        BCRYPT_USE_SYSTEM_PREFERRED_RNG
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    StatusInput.guidInformation = OPM_GET_CONNECTOR_TYPE; // Request GUID.
    StatusInput.ulSequenceNumber = uStatusSeq;            // Sequence number.

    //  Sign the request structure, not including the omac field.

    hr = ComputeOMAC(
        AesKey,                                             // Session key.
        (BYTE*)&StatusInput + OPM_OMAC_SIZE,                // Data
        sizeof(OPM_GET_INFO_PARAMETERS) - OPM_OMAC_SIZE,    // Size
        &StatusInput.omac                                   // Receives the OMAC
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

OPM_GET_INFO_PARAMETERS 结构的 omac 成员是一个单键 CBC MAC (OMAC) 为结构的其余部分计算。 ) 后面所示的 ComputeOMAC 函数 (声明如下：

HRESULT ComputeOMAC(
    OPM_RANDOM_NUMBER&  AesKey,     // Session key
    PUCHAR pb,                      // Data
    DWORD cb,                       // Size
    OPM_OMAC *pTag                  // Receives the OMAC
    );

调用 IOPMVideoOutput：：GetInformation 发送状态请求。

    //  Send the status request.
    hr = pVideoOutput->GetInformation(&StatusInput, &StatusOutput);

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

驱动程序将响应写入 OPM_REQUESTED_INFORMATION 结构。响应结构包括一个 OMAC 值，为结构的其余部分计算。在信任响应数据之前验证此值：

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Verify the signature.
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------

    OPM_OMAC rgbSignature = { 0 };

    // Calculate our own signature.

    hr = ComputeOMAC(
        AesKey,
        (BYTE*)&StatusOutput + OPM_OMAC_SIZE, 
        sizeof(OPM_REQUESTED_INFORMATION) - OPM_OMAC_SIZE, 
        &rgbSignature
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    if (memcmp(StatusOutput.omac.abOMAC, rgbSignature.abOMAC, OPM_OMAC_SIZE))
    {
        // The signature does not match.
        hr = E_FAIL; 
        goto done;
    }

    // Update the sequence number.
    uStatusSeq++;

OPM_REQUESTED_INFORMATION 结构的 abRequestedInformation 成员包含响应数据。对于 OPM_GET_CONNECTOR_TYPE 请求，响应数据由 OPM_STANDARD_INFORMATION 结构组成。

    // Examine the response. 
    // The response data is an OPM_STANDARD_INFORMATION structure.

    OPM_STANDARD_INFORMATION StatusInfo;
    ZeroMemory(&StatusInfo, sizeof(StatusInfo));

    ULONG cbLen = min(sizeof(OPM_STANDARD_INFORMATION), StatusOutput.cbRequestedInformationSize);    

    if (cbLen != 0)
    {
        // Copy the repinse into the array.
        CopyMemory((BYTE*)&StatusInfo, StatusOutput.abRequestedInformation, cbLen);
    }

    //  Verify the random number.
    if (0!= memcmp(
        (BYTE*)&StatusInfo.rnRandomNumber, 
        (BYTE*)&StatusInput.rnRandomNumber, 
        sizeof(OPM_RANDOM_NUMBER)) 
        ) 
    {
        hr = E_FAIL;
        goto done;
    }    

    // Verify the status of the OPM session.
    if (StatusInfo.ulStatusFlags != OPM_STATUS_NORMAL)
    {
        // Abnormal status
        hr = E_FAIL;
        goto done;
    }    

    ULONG ConnectorType = StatusInfo.ulInformation & OPM_BUS_TYPE_MASK;

发送 OPM 命令

下一个示例演示如何通过发送 OPM_SET_PROTECTION_LEVEL 命令 (HDCP) 启用 High-Bandwidth 数字内容保护。

所有 OPM 命令都对输入数据使用 OPM_CONFIGURE_PARAMETERS 结构。此结构中的 abParameters 数组包含特定于命令的数据。对于 OPM_SET_PROTECTION_LEVEL 命令， abParameters 数组包含 OPM_SET_PROTECTION_LEVEL_PARAMETERS 结构。按如下所示填写此结构：

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Prepare the command structure.
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------

    // Data specific to the OPM_SET_PROTECTION_LEVEL command.
    OPM_SET_PROTECTION_LEVEL_PARAMETERS CommandInput;

    ZeroMemory(&CommandInput, sizeof(CommandInput));

    CommandInput.ulProtectionType = OPM_PROTECTION_TYPE_HDCP;   
    CommandInput.ulProtectionLevel = OPM_HDCP_ON;        

    ULONG ulAdditionalParametersSize = 0;
    BYTE* pbAdditionalParameters = NULL;

接下来，填写 OPM_CONFIGURE_PARAMETERS 结构并计算 OMAC。

    // Common command parameters
    OPM_CONFIGURE_PARAMETERS Command;
    ZeroMemory(&Command, sizeof(Command));

    Command.guidSetting = OPM_SET_PROTECTION_LEVEL;
    Command.ulSequenceNumber = uCommandSeq;
    Command.cbParametersSize = sizeof(OPM_SET_PROTECTION_LEVEL_PARAMETERS);
    CopyMemory(&Command.abParameters[0], (BYTE*)&CommandInput, Command.cbParametersSize);

    //  Sign the command structure, not including the omac field.
    hr = ComputeOMAC(
        AesKey,
        (BYTE*)&Command + OPM_OMAC_SIZE, 
        sizeof(OPM_CONFIGURE_PARAMETERS) - OPM_OMAC_SIZE,
        &Command.omac
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

若要发送命令，请调用 IOPMVideoOutput：：Configure。请记住，在每个命令之后递增命令序列号。

    //  Send the command.
    hr = pVideoOutput->Configure(
        &Command, 
        0,      // Size of additional command data.
        NULL    // Additional command data.
        );

    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        goto done;
    }

    //  Update the sequence number.
    uCommandSeq++;

若要验证是否启用了 HDCP，请发送 OPM_GET_VIRTUAL_PROTECTION_LEVEL 状态请求 (未显示) 。

计算 OMAC-1 值

以下代码演示如何计算用于对 OPM 命令和请求结构进行签名的 OMAC-1 值。

// Helper functions for some bitwise operations.

#define AES_BLOCKLEN    (16)
#define AES_KEYSIZE_128 (16)

inline void XOR( 
    BYTE *lpbLHS, 
    const BYTE *lpbRHS, 
    DWORD cbSize = AES_BLOCKLEN 
    )
{
    for( DWORD i = 0; i < cbSize; i++ )
    {
        lpbLHS[i] ^= lpbRHS[i];
    }
}

inline void LShift(const BYTE *lpbOpd, BYTE *lpbRes)
{
    for( DWORD i = 0; i < AES_BLOCKLEN; i++ )
    {
        lpbRes[i] = lpbOpd[i] << 1;
        if( i < AES_BLOCKLEN - 1 )
        {
            lpbRes[i] |= ( (unsigned char)lpbOpd[i+1] ) >> 7;
        }
    }
}

//  Generate OMAC1 signature using AES128

HRESULT ComputeOMAC(
    OPM_RANDOM_NUMBER&  AesKey,     // Session key
    PUCHAR pb,                      // Data
    DWORD cb,                       // Size of the data
    OPM_OMAC *pTag                  // Receives the OMAC
    )
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    BCRYPT_ALG_HANDLE hAlg = NULL;
    BCRYPT_KEY_HANDLE hKey = NULL;
    DWORD cbKeyObject = 0;
    DWORD cbData = 0;
    PBYTE pbKeyObject = NULL;

    PUCHAR Key = (PUCHAR)AesKey.abRandomNumber;

    struct 
    {
        BCRYPT_KEY_DATA_BLOB_HEADER Header;
        UCHAR Key[AES_KEYSIZE_128];
    } KeyBlob;

    KeyBlob.Header.dwMagic = BCRYPT_KEY_DATA_BLOB_MAGIC;
    KeyBlob.Header.dwVersion = BCRYPT_KEY_DATA_BLOB_VERSION1;
    KeyBlob.Header.cbKeyData = AES_KEYSIZE_128;
    CopyMemory(KeyBlob.Key, Key, sizeof(KeyBlob.Key));

    BYTE rgbLU[OPM_OMAC_SIZE];
    BYTE rgbLU_1[OPM_OMAC_SIZE];
    BYTE rBuffer[OPM_OMAC_SIZE];

    hr = BCryptOpenAlgorithmProvider(
        &hAlg, 
        BCRYPT_AES_ALGORITHM, 
        MS_PRIMITIVE_PROVIDER, 
        0
        );

    //  Get the size needed for the key data
    if (S_OK == hr) 
    {
        hr = BCryptGetProperty(
            hAlg, 
            BCRYPT_OBJECT_LENGTH, 
            (PBYTE)&cbKeyObject, 
            sizeof(DWORD), 
            &cbData, 
            0
            );
    }

    //  Allocate the key data object
    if (S_OK == hr) 
    {
        pbKeyObject = new (std::nothrow) BYTE[cbKeyObject];
        if (NULL == pbKeyObject) 
        {
            hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
        }
    }

    //  Set to CBC chain mode
    if (S_OK == hr) 
    {
        hr = BCryptSetProperty(
            hAlg, 
            BCRYPT_CHAINING_MODE, 
            (PBYTE)BCRYPT_CHAIN_MODE_CBC, 
            sizeof(BCRYPT_CHAIN_MODE_CBC), 
            0
            );
    }

    //  Set the key
    if (S_OK == hr) 
    {
        hr = BCryptImportKey(hAlg, NULL, BCRYPT_KEY_DATA_BLOB, &hKey, 
            pbKeyObject, cbKeyObject, (PUCHAR)&KeyBlob, sizeof(KeyBlob), 0);
    }

    //  Encrypt 0s
    if (S_OK == hr) 
    {
        DWORD cbBuffer = sizeof(rBuffer);
        ZeroMemory(rBuffer, sizeof(rBuffer));

        hr = BCryptEncrypt(hKey, rBuffer, cbBuffer, NULL, NULL, 0, 
            rBuffer, sizeof(rBuffer), &cbBuffer, 0);
    }

    //  Compute OMAC1 parameters
    if (S_OK == hr)
    {
        const BYTE bLU_ComputationConstant = 0x87;
        LPBYTE pbL = rBuffer;

        LShift( pbL, rgbLU );
        if( pbL[0] & 0x80 )
        {
            rgbLU[OPM_OMAC_SIZE - 1] ^= bLU_ComputationConstant;
        }
        LShift( rgbLU, rgbLU_1 );
        if( rgbLU[0] & 0x80 )
        {
            rgbLU_1[OPM_OMAC_SIZE - 1] ^= bLU_ComputationConstant;
        }
    }

    //  Generate the hash. 
    if (S_OK == hr) 
    {
        // Redo the key to restart the CBC.

        BCryptDestroyKey(hKey);
        hKey = NULL;

        hr = BCryptImportKey(hAlg, NULL, BCRYPT_KEY_DATA_BLOB, &hKey,
            pbKeyObject, cbKeyObject, (PUCHAR)&KeyBlob, sizeof(KeyBlob), 0);
    }

    if (S_OK == hr) 
    {
        PUCHAR pbDataInCur = pb;
        cbData = cb;
        do
        {
            DWORD cbBuffer = 0;

            if (cbData > OPM_OMAC_SIZE) 
            {
                CopyMemory( rBuffer, pbDataInCur, OPM_OMAC_SIZE );

                hr = BCryptEncrypt(hKey, rBuffer, sizeof(rBuffer), NULL, 
                    NULL, 0, rBuffer, sizeof(rBuffer), &cbBuffer, 0);

                pbDataInCur += OPM_OMAC_SIZE;
                cbData -= OPM_OMAC_SIZE;
            }
            else 
            {   
                if (cbData == OPM_OMAC_SIZE)
                {
                    CopyMemory(rBuffer, pbDataInCur, OPM_OMAC_SIZE);
                    XOR(rBuffer, rgbLU);
                }
                else 
                {
                    ZeroMemory( rBuffer, OPM_OMAC_SIZE );
                    CopyMemory( rBuffer, pbDataInCur, cbData );
                    rBuffer[ cbData ] = 0x80;

                    XOR(rBuffer, rgbLU_1);
                }

                hr = BCryptEncrypt(hKey, rBuffer, sizeof(rBuffer), NULL, NULL, 
                    0, (PUCHAR)pTag->abOMAC, OPM_OMAC_SIZE, &cbBuffer, 0);

                cbData = 0;
            }
                
        } while( S_OK == hr && cbData > 0 );
    }

    //  Clean up
    if (hKey)
    {
        BCryptDestroyKey(hKey);
    }
    if (hAlg)
    {
        BCryptCloseAlgorithmProvider(hAlg, 0);
    }
    delete [] pbKeyObject;
    return hr;
}

OMAC-1 算法在中 https://www.nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/labs/tiwata/omac/omac.html进行了详细介绍。

输出保护管理器

OPM 示例代码

执行 OPM 握手

发送 OPM 状态请求

发送 OPM 命令

计算 OMAC-1 值

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OPM 示例代码

执行 OPM 握手

发送 OPM 状态请求

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计算 OMAC-1 值

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