确定持有锁的查询

项目
07/08/2024

适用于： SQL Server Azure SQL 数据库

数据库管理员通常需要识别影响数据库性能的锁定来源。

例如，您怀疑服务器的性能问题可能是由阻塞导致的。查询 sys.dm_exec_requests 时，您发现处于挂起模式的若干会话具有等待类型，指示锁定就是等待的资源。

查询 sys.dm_tran_locks 后，结果显示许多锁定处于未完成状态，但是已授予锁定的会话没有任何以 sys.dm_exec_requests 显示的活动请求。

此示例说明如何确定占用锁定的查询、查询的计划以及占用锁定时的 Transact-SQL 堆栈。本示例还说明了在扩展事件会话中如何使用配对目标。

若要完成此任务，需使用 SQL Server Management Studio 中的查询编辑器执行以下过程。

注意

本示例使用 AdventureWorks 数据库。

确定保持锁定的查询

在查询编辑器中发出以下语句：

-- Perform cleanup.   
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.server_event_sessions WHERE name='FindBlockers')  
    DROP EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER  
GO  
-- Use dynamic SQL to create the event session and allow creating a -- predicate on the AdventureWorks database id.  
--  
DECLARE @dbid int  

SELECT @dbid = db_id('AdventureWorks')  

IF @dbid IS NULL  
BEGIN  
    RAISERROR('AdventureWorks is not installed. Install AdventureWorks before proceeding', 17, 1)  
    RETURN  
END  

DECLARE @sql nvarchar(1024)  
SET @sql = '  
CREATE EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER  
ADD EVENT sqlserver.lock_acquired   
    (action   
        ( sqlserver.sql_text, sqlserver.database_id, sqlserver.tsql_stack,  
         sqlserver.plan_handle, sqlserver.session_id)  
    WHERE ( database_id=' + cast(@dbid as nvarchar) + ' AND resource_0!=0)   
    ),  
ADD EVENT sqlserver.lock_released   
    (WHERE ( database_id=' + cast(@dbid as nvarchar) + ' AND resource_0!=0 ))  
ADD TARGET package0.pair_matching   
    ( SET begin_event=''sqlserver.lock_acquired'',   
            begin_matching_columns=''database_id, resource_0, resource_1, resource_2, transaction_id, mode'',   
            end_event=''sqlserver.lock_released'',   
            end_matching_columns=''database_id, resource_0, resource_1, resource_2, transaction_id, mode'',  
    respond_to_memory_pressure=1)  
WITH (max_dispatch_latency = 1 seconds)'  

EXEC (@sql)  
--   
-- Create the metadata for the event session  
-- Start the event session  
--  
ALTER EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER  
STATE = START

在服务器上执行工作负荷后，在查询编辑器中发出以下语句来查找仍保持锁定的查询。

--  
-- The pair matching targets report current unpaired events using   
-- the sys.dm_xe_session_targets dynamic management view (DMV)  
-- in XML format.  
-- The following query retrieves the data from the DMV and stores  
-- key data in a temporary table to speed subsequent access and  
-- retrieval.  
--  
SELECT   
objlocks.value('(action[@name="session_id"]/value)[1]', 'int')  
        AS session_id,  
    objlocks.value('(data[@name="database_id"]/value)[1]', 'int')   
        AS database_id,  
    objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_type"]/text)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)' )   
        AS resource_type,  
    objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_0"]/value)[1]', 'bigint')   
        AS resource_0,  
    objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_1"]/value)[1]', 'bigint')   
        AS resource_1,  
    objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_2"]/value)[1]', 'bigint')   
        AS resource_2,  
    objlocks.value('(data[@name="mode"]/text)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)')   
        AS mode,  
    objlocks.value('(action[@name="sql_text"]/value)[1]', 'varchar(MAX)')   
        AS sql_text,  
    CAST(objlocks.value('(action[@name="plan_handle"]/value)[1]', 'varchar(MAX)') AS xml)   
        AS plan_handle,      
    CAST(objlocks.value('(action[@name="tsql_stack"]/value)[1]', 'varchar(MAX)') AS xml)   
        AS tsql_stack  
INTO #unmatched_locks  
FROM (  
    SELECT CAST(xest.target_data as xml)   
        lockinfo  
    FROM sys.dm_xe_session_targets xest  
    JOIN sys.dm_xe_sessions xes ON xes.address = xest.event_session_address  
    WHERE xest.target_name = 'pair_matching' AND xes.name = 'FindBlockers'  
) heldlocks  
CROSS APPLY lockinfo.nodes('//event[@name="lock_acquired"]') AS T(objlocks)  

--  
-- Join the data acquired from the pairing target with other   
-- DMVs to return provide additional information about blockers  
--  
SELECT ul.*  
    FROM #unmatched_locks ul  
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_tran_locks tl ON ul.database_id = tl.resource_database_id AND ul.resource_type = tl.resource_type  
    WHERE resource_0 IS NOT NULL  
    AND session_id IN   
        (SELECT blocking_session_id FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE blocking_session_id != 0)  
    AND tl.request_status='wait'  
    AND REPLACE(ul.mode, 'LCK_M_', '' ) = tl.request_mode

识别问题后，删除所有临时表和事件会话。

DROP TABLE #unmatched_locks  
DROP EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER

注意

前面的 Transact-SQL 代码示例在 SQL Server 上本地运行，但可能不太在 Azure SQL 数据库上运行。该示例的核心部分直接涉及事件，例如 ADD EVENT sqlserver.lock_acquired 也可在 Azure SQL 数据库上运行。但要运行示例，必须先将一些初步项（如 sys.server_event_sessions）编辑为其 Azure SQL 数据库对应项，如 sys.database_event_sessions。若要详细了解本地 SQL Server 与 Azure SQL 数据库之间的细微差异，请参阅以下文章：

另请参阅

CREATE EVENT SESSION (Transact-SQL)
ALTER EVENT SESSION (Transact-SQL)
DROP EVENT SESSION (Transact-SQL)
sys.dm_xe_session_targets (Transact-SQL)
sys.dm_xe_sessions (Transact-SQL)

通过

确定持有锁的查询

确定保持锁定的查询

另请参阅

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