SAVE TRANSACTION (Transact-SQL)
适用于： 
SQL Server Azure SQL 数据库 Azure SQL 托管实例
在事务内设置保存点。
语法
SAVE { TRAN | TRANSACTION } { savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable }
[ ; ]
参数
savepoint_name
分配给保存点的名称。 保存点名称必须符合标识符的规则，但长度不能超过 32 个字符。 savepoint_name 始终区分大小写，即使 SQL Server 实例不区分大小写也是如此。
@savepoint_variable
包含有效保存点名称的用户定义变量的名称。 必须使用 char、varchar、nchar 或 nvarchar 数据类型声明该变量 。 如果长度超过 32 个字符，也可以传递到变量，但只使用前 32 个字符。
注解
用户可以在事务内设置保存点或标记。 保存点可以定义在按条件取消某个事务的一部分后，该事务可以返回的一个位置。 如果将事务回滚到保存点，则根据需要必须完成其他剩余的 Transact-SQL 语句和 COMMIT TRANSACTION 语句，或者必须通过将事务回滚到起始点完全取消事务。 若要取消整个事务，请使用 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION transaction_name。 这将撤消事务的所有语句和过程。
在事务中允许有重复的保存点名称，但指定保存点名称的 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION 语句只将事务回滚到使用该名称的最近的 SAVE TRANSACTION。
在使用 BEGIN DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTION 显式启动或从本地事务升级的分布式事务中，不支持 SAVE TRANSACTION。
重要
指定了 savepoint_name 的 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION 语句释放在保存点之后获得的任何锁，但升级和转换除外。 这些锁不会被释放，而且不会转换回先前的锁模式。
权限
要求具有 public 角色的成员身份。
示例
以下示例说明如果活动事务是在执行存储过程之前启动的，如何使用事务保存点仅回滚存储过程所做的修改。
USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.objects
WHERE name = N'SaveTranExample')
DROP PROCEDURE SaveTranExample;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE SaveTranExample
@InputCandidateID INT
AS
-- Detect whether the procedure was called
-- from an active transaction and save
-- that for later use.
-- In the procedure, @TranCounter = 0
-- means there was no active transaction
-- and the procedure started one.
-- @TranCounter > 0 means an active
-- transaction was started before the
-- procedure was called.
DECLARE @TranCounter INT;
SET @TranCounter = @@TRANCOUNT;
IF @TranCounter > 0
-- Procedure called when there is
-- an active transaction.
-- Create a savepoint to be able
-- to roll back only the work done
-- in the procedure if there is an
-- error.
SAVE TRANSACTION ProcedureSave;
ELSE
-- Procedure must start its own
-- transaction.
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-- Modify database.
BEGIN TRY
DELETE HumanResources.JobCandidate
WHERE JobCandidateID = @InputCandidateID;
-- Get here if no errors; must commit
-- any transaction started in the
-- procedure, but not commit a transaction
-- started before the transaction was called.
IF @TranCounter = 0
-- @TranCounter = 0 means no transaction was
-- started before the procedure was called.
-- The procedure must commit the transaction
-- it started.
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
-- An error occurred; must determine
-- which type of rollback will roll
-- back only the work done in the
-- procedure.
IF @TranCounter = 0
-- Transaction started in procedure.
-- Roll back complete transaction.
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
ELSE
-- Transaction started before procedure
-- called, do not roll back modifications
-- made before the procedure was called.
IF XACT_STATE() <> -1
-- If the transaction is still valid, just
-- roll back to the savepoint set at the
-- start of the stored procedure.
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION ProcedureSave;
-- If the transaction is uncommitable, a
-- rollback to the savepoint is not allowed
-- because the savepoint rollback writes to
-- the log. Just return to the caller, which
-- should roll back the outer transaction.
-- After the appropriate rollback, echo error
-- information to the caller.
DECLARE @ErrorMessage NVARCHAR(4000);
DECLARE @ErrorSeverity INT;
DECLARE @ErrorState INT;
SELECT @ErrorMessage = ERROR_MESSAGE();
SELECT @ErrorSeverity = ERROR_SEVERITY();
SELECT @ErrorState = ERROR_STATE();
RAISERROR (@ErrorMessage, -- Message text.
@ErrorSeverity, -- Severity.
@ErrorState -- State.
);
END CATCH
GO
另请参阅
BEGIN TRANSACTION (Transact-SQL)
COMMIT TRANSACTION (Transact-SQL)
COMMIT WORK (Transact-SQL)
ERROR_LINE (Transact-SQL)
ERROR_MESSAGE (Transact-SQL)
ERROR_NUMBER (Transact-SQL)
ERROR_PROCEDURE (Transact-SQL)
ERROR_SEVERITY (Transact-SQL)
ERROR_STATE (Transact-SQL)
RAISERROR (Transact-SQL)
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION (Transact-SQL)
ROLLBACK WORK (Transact-SQL)
TRY...CATCH (Transact-SQL)
XACT_STATE (Transact-SQL)