Random 类

参考

定义

命名空间:: System

程序集:: System.Runtime.Extensions.dll

程序集:: System.Runtime.dll

程序集:: mscorlib.dll

程序集:: netstandard.dll

Source:: Random.cs

Source:: Random.cs

Source:: Random.cs

重要

一些信息与预发行产品相关，相应产品在发行之前可能会进行重大修改。对于此处提供的信息，Microsoft 不作任何明示或暗示的担保。

表示伪随机数生成器，这是一种能够产生满足某些随机性统计要求的数字序列的算法。

public ref class Random

public class Random

[System.Serializable]
public class Random

[System.Serializable]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public class Random

type Random = class

[<System.Serializable>]
type Random = class

[<System.Serializable>]
[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type Random = class

Public Class Random

继承: Object
Random

属性: SerializableAttribute ComVisibleAttribute

示例

以下示例创建一个随机数生成器，并调用其 NextBytes、 Next和 NextDouble 方法来生成不同范围内的随机数序列。

using namespace System;

void main()
{
   // Instantiate random number generator using system-supplied value as seed.
   Random^ rand = gcnew Random();
   // Generate and display 5 random byte (integer) values.
   array<Byte>^ bytes = gcnew array<Byte>(4);
   rand->NextBytes(bytes);
   Console::WriteLine("Five random byte values:");
   for each (Byte byteValue in bytes)
      Console::Write("{0, 5}", byteValue);
   Console::WriteLine();
   // Generate and display 5 random integers.
   Console::WriteLine("Five random integer values:");
   for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 4; ctr++)
      Console::Write("{0,15:N0}", rand->Next());
   Console::WriteLine();
   // Generate and display 5 random integers between 0 and 100.//
   Console::WriteLine("Five random integers between 0 and 100:");
   for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 4; ctr++)
      Console::Write("{0,8:N0}", rand->Next(101));
   Console::WriteLine();
   // Generate and display 5 random integers from 50 to 100.
   Console::WriteLine("Five random integers between 50 and 100:");
   for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 4; ctr++)
      Console::Write("{0,8:N0}", rand->Next(50, 101));
   Console::WriteLine();
   // Generate and display 5 random floating point values from 0 to 1.
   Console::WriteLine("Five Doubles.");
   for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 4; ctr++)
      Console::Write("{0,8:N3}", rand->NextDouble());
   Console::WriteLine();
   // Generate and display 5 random floating point values from 0 to 5.
   Console::WriteLine("Five Doubles between 0 and 5.");
   for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 4; ctr++)
      Console::Write("{0,8:N3}", rand->NextDouble() * 5);
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//    Five random byte values:
//      194  185  239   54  116
//    Five random integer values:
//        507,353,531  1,509,532,693  2,125,074,958  1,409,512,757    652,767,128
//    Five random integers between 0 and 100:
//          16      78      94      79      52
//    Five random integers between 50 and 100:
//          56      66      96      60      65
//    Five Doubles.
//       0.943   0.108   0.744   0.563   0.415
//    Five Doubles between 0 and 5.
//       2.934   3.130   0.292   1.432   4.369

// Instantiate random number generator using system-supplied value as seed.
var rand = new Random();

// Generate and display 5 random byte (integer) values.
byte[] bytes = new byte[5];
rand.NextBytes(bytes);
Console.WriteLine("Five random byte values:");
foreach (byte byteValue in bytes)
    Console.Write("{0, 5}", byteValue);
Console.WriteLine();

// Generate and display 5 random integers.
Console.WriteLine("Five random integer values:");
for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 4; ctr++)
    Console.Write("{0,15:N0}", rand.Next());
Console.WriteLine();

// Generate and display 5 random integers between 0 and 100.
Console.WriteLine("Five random integers between 0 and 100:");
for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 4; ctr++)
    Console.Write("{0,8:N0}", rand.Next(101));
Console.WriteLine();

// Generate and display 5 random integers from 50 to 100.
Console.WriteLine("Five random integers between 50 and 100:");
for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 4; ctr++)
    Console.Write("{0,8:N0}", rand.Next(50, 101));
Console.WriteLine();

// Generate and display 5 random floating point values from 0 to 1.
Console.WriteLine("Five Doubles.");
for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 4; ctr++)
    Console.Write("{0,8:N3}", rand.NextDouble());
Console.WriteLine();

// Generate and display 5 random floating point values from 0 to 5.
Console.WriteLine("Five Doubles between 0 and 5.");
for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 4; ctr++)
    Console.Write("{0,8:N3}", rand.NextDouble() * 5);

// The example displays output like the following:
//    Five random byte values:
//      194  185  239   54  116
//    Five random integer values:
//        507,353,531  1,509,532,693  2,125,074,958  1,409,512,757    652,767,128
//    Five random integers between 0 and 100:
//          16      78      94      79      52
//    Five random integers between 50 and 100:
//          56      66      96      60      65
//    Five Doubles.
//       0.943   0.108   0.744   0.563   0.415
//    Five Doubles between 0 and 5.
//       2.934   3.130   0.292   1.432   4.369

// Instantiate random number generator using system-supplied value as seed.
let rand = Random()

// Generate and display 5 random byte (integer) values.
let bytes = Array.zeroCreate 5
rand.NextBytes bytes
printfn "Five random byte values:"
for byte in bytes do
    printf "%5i" byte
printfn ""

// Generate and display 5 random integers.
printfn "Five random integer values:"
for _ = 0 to 4 do
    printf $"{rand.Next(),15:N0}" 
printfn ""

// Generate and display 5 random integers between 0 and 100.
printfn "Five random integers between 0 and 100:"
for _ = 0 to 4 do
    printf $"{rand.Next 101,8:N0}"
printfn ""

// Generate and display 5 random integers from 50 to 100.
printfn "Five random integers between 50 and 100:"
for _ = 0 to 4 do
    printf $"{rand.Next(50, 101),8:N0}"
printfn ""

// Generate and display 5 random floating point values from 0 to 1.
printfn "Five Doubles."
for _ = 0 to 4 do
    printf $"{rand.NextDouble(),8:N3}"
printfn ""

// Generate and display 5 random floating point values from 0 to 5.
printfn "Five Doubles between 0 and 5."
for _ = 0 to 4 do
    printf $"{rand.NextDouble() * 5.0,8:N3}"

// The example displays output like the following:
//    Five random byte values:
//      194  185  239   54  116
//    Five random integer values:
//        507,353,531  1,509,532,693  2,125,074,958  1,409,512,757    652,767,128
//    Five random integers between 0 and 100:
//          16      78      94      79      52
//    Five random integers between 50 and 100:
//          56      66      96      60      65
//    Five Doubles.
//       0.943   0.108   0.744   0.563   0.415
//    Five Doubles between 0 and 5.
//       2.934   3.130   0.292   1.432   4.369

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Instantiate random number generator using system-supplied value as seed.
      Dim rand As New Random()
      ' Generate and display 5 random byte (integer) values.
      Dim bytes(4) As Byte
      rand.NextBytes(bytes)
      Console.WriteLine("Five random byte values:")
      For Each byteValue As Byte In bytes
         Console.Write("{0, 5}", byteValue)
      Next
      Console.WriteLine()   
      ' Generate and display 5 random integers.
      Console.WriteLine("Five random integer values:")
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To 4
         Console.Write("{0,15:N0}", rand.Next)
      Next                     
      Console.WriteLine()
      ' Generate and display 5 random integers between 0 and 100.'
      Console.WriteLine("Five random integers between 0 and 100:")
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To 4
         Console.Write("{0,8:N0}", rand.Next(101))
      Next                     
      Console.WriteLine()
      ' Generate and display 5 random integers from 50 to 100.
      Console.WriteLine("Five random integers between 50 and 100:")
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To 4
         Console.Write("{0,8:N0}", rand.Next(50, 101))
      Next                     
      Console.WriteLine()
      ' Generate and display 5 random floating point values from 0 to 1.
      Console.WriteLine("Five Doubles.")
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To 4
         Console.Write("{0,8:N3}", rand.NextDouble())
      Next                     
      Console.WriteLine()
      ' Generate and display 5 random floating point values from 0 to 5.
      Console.WriteLine("Five Doubles between 0 and 5.")
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To 4
         Console.Write("{0,8:N3}", rand.NextDouble() * 5)
      Next                     
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'    Five random byte values:
'      194  185  239   54  116
'    Five random integer values:
'        507,353,531  1,509,532,693  2,125,074,958  1,409,512,757    652,767,128
'    Five random integers between 0 and 100:
'          16      78      94      79      52
'    Five random integers between 50 and 100:
'          56      66      96      60      65
'    Five Doubles.
'       0.943   0.108   0.744   0.563   0.415
'    Five Doubles between 0 and 5.
'       2.934   3.130   0.292   1.432   4.369

以下示例生成一个随机整数，该整数用作索引从数组中检索字符串值。

using namespace System;

void main()
{
   Random^ rnd = gcnew Random();
   array<String^>^ malePetNames = { "Rufus", "Bear", "Dakota", "Fido",
                                    "Vanya", "Samuel", "Koani", "Volodya",
                                    "Prince", "Yiska" };
   array<String^>^ femalePetNames = { "Maggie", "Penny", "Saya", "Princess",
                                      "Abby", "Laila", "Sadie", "Olivia",
                                      "Starlight", "Talla" };
      
   // Generate random indexes for pet names.
   int mIndex = rnd->Next(malePetNames->Length);
   int fIndex = rnd->Next(femalePetNames->Length);
      
   // Display the result.
   Console::WriteLine("Suggested pet name of the day: ");
   Console::WriteLine("   For a male:     {0}", malePetNames[mIndex]);
   Console::WriteLine("   For a female:   {0}", femalePetNames[fIndex]);
}
// The example displays output similar to the following:
//       Suggested pet name of the day:
//          For a male:     Koani
//          For a female:   Maggie

Random rnd = new();
string[] malePetNames = [ "Rufus", "Bear", "Dakota", "Fido",
                        "Vanya", "Samuel", "Koani", "Volodya",
                        "Prince", "Yiska" ];
string[] femalePetNames = [ "Maggie", "Penny", "Saya", "Princess",
                          "Abby", "Laila", "Sadie", "Olivia",
                          "Starlight", "Talla" ];

// Generate random indexes for pet names.
int mIndex = rnd.Next(malePetNames.Length);
int fIndex = rnd.Next(femalePetNames.Length);

// Display the result.
Console.WriteLine("Suggested pet name of the day: ");
Console.WriteLine($"   For a male:     {malePetNames[mIndex]}");
Console.WriteLine($"   For a female:   {femalePetNames[fIndex]}");

// The example displays output similar to the following:
//       Suggested pet name of the day:
//          For a male:     Koani
//          For a female:   Maggie

let rnd = Random()

let malePetNames =
    [| "Rufus"; "Bear"; "Dakota"; "Fido";
        "Vanya"; "Samuel"; "Koani"; "Volodya";
        "Prince"; "Yiska" |]
let femalePetNames = 
    [| "Maggie"; "Penny"; "Saya"; "Princess";
        "Abby"; "Laila"; "Sadie"; "Olivia";
        "Starlight"; "Talla" |]

// Generate random indexes for pet names.
let mIndex = rnd.Next malePetNames.Length
let fIndex = rnd.Next femalePetNames.Length

// Display the result.
printfn "Suggested pet name of the day: "
printfn "   For a male:     %s" malePetNames.[mIndex]
printfn "   For a female:   %s" femalePetNames.[fIndex]

// The example displays output similar to the following:
//       Suggested pet name of the day:
//          For a male:     Koani
//          For a female:   Maggie

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim rnd As New Random()
      Dim malePetNames() As String = { "Rufus", "Bear", "Dakota", "Fido", 
                                    "Vanya", "Samuel", "Koani", "Volodya", 
                                    "Prince", "Yiska" }
      Dim femalePetNames() As String = { "Maggie", "Penny", "Saya", "Princess", 
                                         "Abby", "Laila", "Sadie", "Olivia", 
                                         "Starlight", "Talla" }                                      
      
      ' Generate random indexes for pet names.
      Dim mIndex As Integer = rnd.Next(malePetNames.Length)
      Dim fIndex As Integer = rnd.Next(femalePetNames.Length)
      
      ' Display the result.
      Console.WriteLine("Suggested pet name of the day: ")
      Console.WriteLine("   For a male:     {0}", malePetNames(mIndex))
      Console.WriteLine("   For a female:   {0}", femalePetNames(fIndex))
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output similar to the following:
'       Suggested pet name of the day:
'          For a male:     Koani
'          For a female:   Maggie

注解

有关此 API 的详细信息，请参阅随机 API 补充说明。

继承者说明

在 .NET Framework 2.0 及更高版本中，、 Next(Int32, Int32)和 NextBytes(Byte[]) 方法的行为Next()已更改，因此这些方法不一定调用方法的Sample()派生类实现。因此，派生自Random该目标.NET Framework 2.0 及更高版本的类也应重写这三种方法。

调用方说明

无法保证类中 Random 随机数生成器的实现在 .NET 的主要版本中保持不变。因此，不应假定同一种子会在不同版本的 .NET 中生成相同的伪随机序列。

构造函数

Random()	使用默认种子值初始化 Random 类的新实例。
Random(Int32)	使用指定的种子值初始化 Random 类的新实例。

属性

Shared

提供可从任何线程并发使用的线程安全 Random 实例。

方法

Equals(Object)	确定指定对象是否等于当前对象。 (继承自 Object)
GetHashCode()	作为默认哈希函数。 (继承自 Object)
GetItems<T>(ReadOnlySpan<T>, Int32)	创建一个数组，该数组填充了从提供的一组选项中随机选择的项。
GetItems<T>(ReadOnlySpan<T>, Span<T>)	使用从提供的一组选项中随机选择的项填充指定范围的元素。
GetItems<T>(T[], Int32)	创建一个数组，该数组填充了从提供的一组选项中随机选择的项。
GetType()	获取当前实例的 Type。 (继承自 Object)
MemberwiseClone()	创建当前 Object 的浅表副本。 (继承自 Object)
Next()	返回一个非负随机整数。
Next(Int32)	返回一个小于所指定最大值的非负随机整数。
Next(Int32, Int32)	返回在指定范围内的任意整数。
NextBytes(Byte[])	用随机数填充指定字节数组的元素。
NextBytes(Span<Byte>)	用随机数填充指定字节范围的元素。
NextDouble()	返回一个大于或等于 0.0 且小于 1.0 的随机浮点数。
NextInt64()	返回一个非负随机整数。
NextInt64(Int64)	返回一个小于所指定最大值的非负随机整数。
NextInt64(Int64, Int64)	返回在指定范围内的任意整数。
NextSingle()	返回一个大于或等于 0.0 且小于 1.0 的随机浮点数。
Sample()	返回一个介于 0.0 和 1.0 之间的随机浮点数。
Shuffle<T>(Span<T>)	执行跨度的就地洗牌。
Shuffle<T>(T[])	执行数组的就地洗牌。
ToString()	返回表示当前对象的字符串。 (继承自 Object)

适用于

通过

Random 类

定义

示例

注解

继承者说明

调用方说明

构造函数

属性

方法

适用于

其他资源